Be distributed
Luochuan apples are the best in the world. Luochuan apples are mainly produced in Weibei Loess Plateau, with Luochuan as the center in Yan 'an, Tongchuan, Weinan and Xianyang. Orchards spread thousands of miles.
diversification
There are 47 excellent apple varieties in Luochuan, among which Red Star, Red Marshal, Red Crown, Red Fuji, Guoguang, Qin Guan and Huang Marshal are the best. In previous apple competitions organized by provinces and states, the quality of Luochuan apples was among the best. 1974, in the national apple variety appraisal meeting, its total score was higher than that of American snake fruit, which was well-known at home and abroad. During the period of 1978, Luochuan Red Star and Hongguan ranked first and second in the total score at the Shaanxi Provincial Standards Approval and New Variety Identification Conference, and all the participating indexes reached high quality. 1985, Marshal Luochuan and Guoguang Apple were rated as provincial-level high-quality agricultural products. 199 1 year won the silver award of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" Spark Expo of the State Science and Technology Commission. 1994, at the first Yangling Agricultural Products Expo in China, Luochuan Red Fuji and other three varieties won the Houji Gold Award. 1995 10, Luochuan Apple won the championship in one fell swoop and won the second China Agricultural Products Expo 13 Gold, 7 Silver 1 Bronze Award, which shocked the world. Because Luochuan apples have excellent quality and long-standing reputation, they sell well in 24 provinces and cities across the country, and are exported to Thailand, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong and Macao. Strong market competitiveness. It has become one of the fist products of Shaanxi's foreign trade.
nutritive value
As a famous specialty in Shaanxi, Luochuan apples are rich in nutrition and high in value. It contains about 85% water, 16.2% sugar and 0.38% ~ 0.63% malic acid, and also contains many vitamins and minerals. These are all indispensable nutrients for the human body. Besides raw food, it can also be cooked, pickled, dried and baked, and processed into canned food, preserved fruit, jam, fruit cake, preserved fruit, fruit juice, fruit wine and fruit vinegar for people to enjoy.
As a medicine, Chinese medicine believes that apples are flat and sweet, and have the functions of nourishing blood and benefiting qi, quenching thirst and promoting fluid production, stimulating appetite and strengthening the spleen. For indigestion, loss of appetite, fullness and suffocation, eating raw or juicing will help digestion, promote qi circulation and stimulate appetite. Modern medical research has found that apples can prevent cholesterol from rising, reduce blood sugar content and treat hypertension and diabetes. It can also alleviate chronic poisoning caused by environmental pollution. Modern medical research also shows that apples have antidiarrheal and laxative effects. When treating simple mild diarrhea, eating apples without medication is also effective. Because the organic acids contained in apples can stimulate the intestines, and cellulose can promote intestinal peristalsis, dredge stools and treat constipation. It also has the functions of nourishing brain and sleeping. But also rich in vitamin C 1, which has a positive inhibitory effect on cancer. Apples also have the function of restoring fatigue and keeping skin fit. Therefore, at all times and all over the world, Apple has always been known as a "friend of health care".
Climatic conditions
Why can the quality of Luochuan apples win the national championship? Apple likes an environment with cool and dry climate, deep soil layer, good drainage, sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night. The suitable growth conditions are: the annual average temperature is between 7 ~ 15℃, the sunshine 1 100 hours in April ~ September, the annual precipitation is 500 ~ 800 mm, and the altitude is about 1000 meters.
Regional advantages of climate
Luochuan, Shaanxi Province belongs to the gully and hilly region of Weibei Loess Plateau, with a warm temperate and semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 9.2℃, an annual average sunshine of 2552 hours, a total radiation of 123.6 kcal/cm2, sunshine of April-September 1373 hours, an annual average precipitation of 622 mm and an altitude of1. The frost-free period in Luochuan is 180 days, with little cold in winter and no heat in summer. From April to 10, the average temperature over the years is 16.3℃, and from June to August it is 20.9℃. The temperature difference between day and night in the whole growth period is 65438 02.6℃ in the highest month and 9.5℃ in the lowest month. The effective growth period is from April to 10, with an average of 10.7℃, which is beneficial to apple cultivation and sugar accumulation. From April to September, the growing period of apples needs about 540 mm of precipitation. The precipitation in Luochuan from April to September is 507. 1 mm. The disadvantage is the uneven distribution of precipitation during the year, mostly concentrated in July, August and September. However, due to the good water storage of loess and uneven precipitation, favorable water supply conditions for apple planting can be formed through soil storage and utilization. Luochuan belongs to the Loess Plateau, with deep soil layer, the loess layer is 80 ~ 220m thick, medium soil quality, strong permeability, coordinated supply and demand of water and fertilizer, and organic matter content is about 1%. The soil is neutral and alkaline, which is an excellent soil for planting apples. Therefore, as early as 1960s, scientists confirmed that Weibei hilly area was the geographical and climatic resource belt of apples in Shaanxi. In 1980s, Luochuan was listed as a famous high-quality and high-yield area in the Loess Plateau of China, one of the rare apple eugenics climate zones in China, and an ideal area for developing high-quality apples in China. Sufficient sunshine, strong ultraviolet rays, large temperature difference between day and night, low air humidity, few pests and diseases, bright color, high sugar content, rich fragrance, excellent quality, storage and transportation resistance, and special commodity value and economic value. This is an important reason for high quality and high yield of Luochuan apples.
Planting range
Since 1947, there are 508,000 mu of apples in Luochuan, accounting for 7 1% of the total planting area. By the end of 2003, the total output of apples reached 300,000 tons, the total income was 430 million yuan, and the per capita fruit income of farmers was 1800 yuan. It is planned that by 2005, the per capita apple area of agricultural population will be 3. 1 mu, and the annual output will reach 450,000 tons. The income of apple industry is 700 million yuan, and the per capita income of apple is 3,000 yuan, accounting for 80% of farmers' income.
At present, more than 3,000 fruit warehouses have been built, with a storage capacity of 6.5438+0.3 million tons, including 654.38+0 controlled atmosphere warehouses, 654.38+0 cold storages and 60,000 tons. There are 280 fruit banks and 2342 soil banks, with a reserve of more than 70,000 tons. There are 2 juice production plants, with the processing and transformation capacity of fresh fruit of 6.5438+0.5 million tons; There are 4 fruit bag production plants with an annual output of 500 million; There are 7 net fruit production plants with an annual output of 500 million. There are more than 320 enterprises and large households engaged in apple distribution, and there are more than 2,000 intermediary agents. More than 50 direct sales outlets have been set up in large and medium-sized cities across the country, and trade windows have been set up at eight surrounding ports. In recent years, more than 300 sales corridors focusing on fresh fruit wholesale and retail have spontaneously formed in Luochuan section of National Highway 265 and 438+00. During the peak sales season, nearly 1,000 merchants gathered in Luochuan, and more than 200 freight vehicles were operating Luochuan apples. Apple's packaging, materials, freight, labor, information center and other markets and service facilities are sound, and the sales soft environment is relaxed and orderly.
Dr. Foster, Vice Chairman of FAO (USA), Sugiyama, Gai Na Kanghong and Nomura, Japanese experts in the cultivation of Qiaohua Fushi, and experts from Italy, the Netherlands, France and Germany visited Luochuan. Forty-six experts from the National Fruit Research Institute, such as Xue, Li and Yang, visited the school and taught the technology. In 2002, our county was officially listed as a demonstration county for pollution-free apple production by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the 654.38+ 10,000 mu production base of Northwest A&F University and our county is under construction. In 2003, it was identified as a demonstration county of superior agricultural products (apples) industry by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Development history
Luochuan County, located in the south of Yan 'an City and in the gully region of Weibei Loess Plateau, is an agricultural county with apples as the leading industry. The county covers an area of 1804 square kilometers, with a total cultivated land of 64 kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 9 townships, 1 sub-district office and 37 1 administrative village. The total population is 204,000, including agricultural population 16. 1 10,000. Luochuan has unique natural resources to develop the apple industry, and is recognized as the best apple eugenic area in the world. It has been identified as a national demonstration county for industrialization of superior agricultural products (apples), a demonstration county for standardized production of high-quality pollution-free apples, a demonstration county for food safety (apples), and the only "one county, one industry" demonstration county in Shaanxi Province. Luochuan Apple has become a special apple for the Great Hall of the People, Yutai State Guesthouse, China Women's Volleyball Team and Olympic Games. 2010 On June 5438+00, Luochuan County's geographical certification trademark "Luochuan Apple" was recognized as a well-known trademark in China by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China, and was publicized on the website of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China on June 5438+00. "Luochuan Apple" was selected as one of the top 100 regional public brands of agricultural products in China with a brand evaluation value of 2.523 billion yuan.