6) Anxiety affects self-acceptance and self-insight ability. The self-concept of people with high anxiety is not perfect, which affects their personal behavior adaptation, especially the high failure chlorine may make them shrink back and refuse to take risks.
7) Anxiety affects academic performance, and children's academic performance level is related to children's homework pressure. Usually, intelligence is closely related to children's academic performance, but the difference in academic performance of children with the same intelligence is closely related to their anxiety. Therefore, it is more effective to predict academic performance with anxiety score than with intelligence score alone.
8) In short, the influence of anxiety on individuals is mixed. Moderate anxiety is conducive to school performance and study, and it is also an essential internal force for personal survival. However, excessive anxiety will affect one's cognition, thinking, work orientation and self-concept.
8. From what aspects can psychological barriers be carried out?
1) appearance: if a person's dress is beyond the normal range of society, it implies the existence of some kind of mental illness;
2) Consciousness: unresponsive to external stimuli, in a daze, inattentive;
3) sense of orientation: there are obstacles in the knowledge and understanding of time, place and people;
4) memory: remember something clearly, or lose memory of something;
5) perception: I feel that I am not myself, but another person;
6) Thinking: The conscious trend of thought is suddenly interrupted, but there are a series of strange ideas;
7) Emotion: excessive joy, melancholy, tension, panic, contradiction and rage;
8) Action: fidgeting, withdrawn, degenerating, monolingual, activity decreasing or increasing;
9) Personality: A person is suddenly completely different or his personality is far from the average person;
10) lifestyle barriers: work becomes irresponsible, incompetent, dislikes interacting with people, and does not follow group rules;
1 1) intelligence: from the age point of view, obviously ignorant, without common sense, life can not take care of themselves;
12) Cognition of diseases: I don't admit that I have problems, but blame others for the problems.
9. Please briefly describe the environmental factors that lead to mental disorders.
1) excessive doting, indulgence, psychological compensation for single-parent families, excessive discipline, inconsistent parenting attitudes, etc. , resulting in bad parent-child relationship, affecting children's personality pathological tendency;
2) Feeling deprived of the environment is easy to cause mental symptoms, such as monotony, dullness, boredom, loneliness or too quiet and lack of change, which will produce various mental symptoms such as hallucination, delusion, suspicion and depression;
3) Social function deprives the environment, that is to say, a person living in the world must feel the value of his existence and the meaning and hope of his life. If he is deprived of job opportunities and his social function disappears, he will feel fear, insecurity, anxiety and depression, which will lead to various mental symptoms, such as irritability, aggression and suicide.
4) Socio-economic status factors, research shows that people with low socio-economic status have more mental disorders than those with high socio-economic status, because they feel the pressure of life and are often hit by accidents and cannot get good medical care and nursing.
10. What are the steps of family therapy?
1) The healer has established a good relationship with all his family members, but stands in an objective and detached position;
2) Stimulate the inner feelings of family members and express their conflict psychology;
3) Support family members to express their inner feelings;
4) strive to achieve coordination and compromise;
5) Members make appropriate adjustments;
6) Make necessary and meaningful explanations and suggestions;
7) Take the form of better communication and interaction.
1 1. What are the four characteristics of a sound friendship put forward by Rogers?
Rogers pointed out that friendship can promote personal growth and help us meet the needs of independence and self-realization.
1) Sincerity: Be true to your feelings and don't hide hypocrisy;
2) warmth: accepting each other without any additional conditions;
3) Empathy: Listen carefully to each other's words and feelings and care about each other;
4) Self-disclosure: Open-minded people are more likely to have friends, but the first disclosure may be risky or ridiculed or derogatory, so be careful when choosing the best.
12. What are the three themes of vocational education?
1) Learn how to live.
2) Learn how to learn.
3) Learning how to make a living can be regarded as vocational education in a broad sense.
13. What are the factors that affect job satisfaction?
1) Work itself and working conditions: Most people will be satisfied with interesting, capable, helpful and competitive jobs;
2) Treatment: Good treatment is very important, but it is not the first. When you are not interested in the job itself and other treatments are unfair, money is a strong incentive.
3) Friendly and cooperative colleagues
4) A caring boss or a boss who can make his own decisions without asking;
5) Promotion opportunities: Promotion may bring work pressure and alienate colleagues, but it can improve the treatment and sense of responsibility, which is a kind of affirmation and encouragement and can promote career development.
14. What are the leisure functions?
1) can relax.
2) It can make us satisfied outside of work.
3) It can expand our life experience.
4) can promote personal physical and mental development.
15. Briefly describe love? S-V-R theory? .
S-V-R theory is a psychologist's explanation of the emotional process of men and women. S refers to stimulation, V refers to value, and R refers to role. That is to say, there are stages in the process from making friends to getting married between men and women: in the first stage of communication, the focus of both sides is mostly the external conditions or stimulation of the other side's appearance, figure, manners, age, health status, education level and so on. In the second stage, if both parties find that they have the same hobbies, attitudes, values and personalities, they will establish a relatively stable friendship and develop into love; In the third stage, if the two sides adjust their roles in getting along, they can talk about marriage and establish a long-term relationship between husband and wife. Emphasize that love is the process of establishing intimacy, not the end of intimacy.
16. What are the skills to improve decision-making?
1) to obtain sufficient information;
2) Use robust rules;
3) Describe the balance sheet;
4) Clarify values and goals;
5) Accepting reasonable results;
6) Correct the wrong decision
Third, the essay questions
1. Try to discuss the application and effect of justifiable defense from life examples?
Self-defense mode, also known as adaptive mode, aims at maintaining self-security and making self not threatened. According to its relationship with reality, it can be divided into five categories:
1. Forget the reality
1) Fantasy: Imagining your success may lead to schizophrenia.
2) Identity: Comparing yourself with other successful people cannot replace reality.
2. Distortion of reality: rationalization.
1) Projection: Blame your own failures or mistakes on others or the environment, but don't admit your mistakes.
2) sour grapes: grapes that cannot be eaten are sour.
3) Sweet lemon: content with low satisfaction.
The above use is mild and harmless. If self-deception is moderate, it will tend to be wrong and become paranoid.
Compensate reality
1) compensation: replace the original failure with other successful activities to meet the wishes of the losers. Over-compensation may not be successful, and may cause neuropathy.
2) Sublimation: guiding unconscious impulses and desires that are not accepted by society to a reasonable way.
3) digestion: it is a negative compensation for atonement.
4. Escape from reality, including: 1) depression; 2) reverse action; 3) indifference; 4) pretend; 5) degradation; 6) retreat; 7) submission;
5. Attack reality, including: 1) attack; 2) Fixing
Although the above methods have the function of self-comfort and emotional buffering, they can't really solve the problem. Only by facing problems directly, overcoming difficulties and achieving goals is the fundamental way to adapt.
Please talk about your understanding of health care based on your own experience.
Health in the modern sense is a whole concept, including both physical state and mental state, and the two interact. For example, when you feel headache and uncomfortable, you can't concentrate on your work or even lose your appetite, so you will think: Are you too tired? Or are you sick? Or is the work pressure too great? Should we take a break? Do you want to find a place to relax Therefore, when talking about medical care, I think we should start with the following points:
1) Responsible for health, including understanding physical condition, physical and mental interaction, paying attention to nutrition and exercise, regular physical examination, making medical records, overcoming nervousness, etc.
2) Have a holistic consciousness: that is, you must have good health habits and healthy personality at the same time, that is to say, you should not only have good living habits, reasonable nutrition, moderate exercise and timely physical examination. , but also have a positive attitude, stress control, correct outlook on life and values and satisfaction.
3) Have good eating habits: eat wisely, including reasonable diet, balanced nutrition intake, and control of eating time.
4) Moderate exercise: Keep reasonable physical fitness when choosing sports, and arrange various regular exercises according to physical function and time schedule.
5) Preventive psychological construction: It is more important to cultivate a sound psychology than to correct a certain psychological disease. When we suffer setbacks, the best way is to overcome them, learn how to deal with them, cultivate our adaptability and build a healthy mind. Such as self-love, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-help, optimism, enthusiasm, humor, reality, correct self-evaluation, moderate ideal, decisive spirit, objective attitude, normal leisure activities and good health.
(sub-health)
Please talk about how to prevent and relieve the stress in life according to your own reality.
1) realize the meaning of life: understand and stick to your responsibilities, and be kind to yourself and others? Responsible? This is the meaning of life; Only in the responsibility of facing and solving problems can people feel satisfied and enriched, and life is meaningful.
2) Set life goals: Setting short, medium and long-term goals for yourself can stimulate the will to act; The more specific and clear the goal, the easier it is to achieve; After the goal is set, it can be conveyed to close friends, making it difficult for them to change their minds.
3) Strengthen self-strength: mental health is directly proportional to self-strength and inversely proportional to stress; Self-strength includes the endurance to stimulation and the ability to solve problems. Strengthening self-strength lies in: individuals must realize that they will not give up easily when encountering obstacles in the process of pursuing their life goals, and must have the determination to constantly try to solve problems so as not to be easily frustrated and feel powerless.
4) Learn to solve problems: Ask yourself:? What's the worst that can happen? ; Use your energy and time calmly and effectively to improve the worst situation that you have accepted psychologically; Establish a social support system: list the names of your best friends 10. When encountering difficulties, these intimate friends are the biggest spiritual and material pillars. Please don't hesitate to ask them for good support immediately.
5) Isolation: When you feel that you are about to lose control of your emotions, isolate yourself from that situation in the following ways: stay away from that situation in space; Role-play the feelings of others in this situation; Imagine what the future will be like; Talk to someone who will sympathize with you.
6) The past is like a cloud: Don't always live in past misfortunes, guilt or failures. The past has passed, and it just keeps reminding me of that memory.
7) Learn from setbacks: The last failure can let you know how to adjust your direction to avoid making bigger mistakes again and learn more from each failure.
4. If you have job burnout, how will you deal with it?
1) Accept that job burnout may happen at any time and take preventive measures. (changing posts, rotating posts, changing working environment);
2) Don't work too long, take a moderate rest to prevent excessive physical exertion. It is better to concentrate on working for eight hours than to work for more than ten hours without good results. Stand up and exercise, go to the teahouse for a cup of tea, often far away, listen to music, etc.
3) Don't let the same person deal with troublesome problems. Use authorization to reduce workload and increase subordinates' sense of mission;
4) Establish a systematic method to let employees know their contribution to the organization. (Performance appraisal, thank you for your compliment);
5) Deal with large and complex tasks as a team. A person's strength is limited. Make good use of the group and divide responsibilities, which can not only support each other, increase confidence, but also relieve pressure and brainstorm.
6) Provide channels for employees to express their emotions; There will inevitably be negative emotions and conflicts at work. Provide ways and channels to vent, such as BBS and team activities.
7) publicly clarify the rumors that are unfavorable to the organization; When rumors happen, they should be clarified publicly to boost morale.
8) Provide on-the-job training. (Regular training, even training talents in a planned and step-by-step way, can improve employees' skills and knowledge, and also contribute to employees' self-growth, thus avoiding job burnout and increasing organizational performance)
Please talk about how to prevent and relieve work pressure according to your own reality.
1) Develop good work habits: work should be planned, focused and prioritized; Take notes at any time: record various tasks, progress, etc. When encountering a difficult problem, keep calm and think about how to solve it with the most sober moment; Learn how to organize, graded responsibility and supervision; Can I use it if the workload is heavy? Schizophrenia? The way to do many things is divided into weeks, days and hours; Pay more attention, such as staring at the same point continuously, or studying the slogan advertisement in the car; Make effective use of time, such as making a list of things to do the next day before going to bed at night, arranging them in order of priority, or using time to think while waiting for the bus or racing;
2) Establish good interpersonal relationships: first, accept yourself, use your own advantages to cultivate self-confidence and strive to improve your own shortcomings; Secondly, we should accept each other and understand each other from each other's standpoint; Finally, we should avoid hostility, dependence and self. His orientation, depression, inferiority, etc. Cultivate optimistic, humorous and frank personality, such as actively making friends with others, accommodating differences, caring unconditionally, and avoiding irritability, indifference and chatter.
3) Facing people and things that you are not interested in: What attitude can you take when facing the blame? Scold is right, I should scold and correct it immediately; Scold is wrong, not me, why care? Psychologically, relieve emotions; In view of the shortcomings of boss, we can learn lessons, such as learning endurance, how to avoid repeating the same mistakes, and how to communicate and coordinate. Don't be disturbed or complained when you have a conflict with others or hear gossip. The best way is to find out the problem and communicate with others when you are not interested. Try it? Psychology, or as a way to accomplish something, give yourself a little reward.
4) Reduce the expectation level and sprint slowly: If the expectation is too high, but the ability, sexual orientation and machine luck can't match, at this time, only reduce the expectation level to relieve the psychological pressure. It doesn't matter if you live a year or two later, but you have more time to experience life and pursue your ideals.
5) Create a pleasant atmosphere: When the work pressure is high, listen to beautiful music, watch a humorous video, or go out of the office and get some fresh air.
6) Create your own comfortable environment: make your office space neat and beautiful, and keep it in good order, and you can also raise some plants or goldfish.
6. Please describe the steps of career choice.
1) Self-assessment: determine your interests, abilities, personality and values. Generally speaking, people who have intrinsic fun in activities are the best indicators for choosing a career; The unique form of personality traits and demand motivation makes us more advantageous than others in some cases, and it is easier to adapt, express and play, which is a favorable clue for personality to choose a career; When we are faced with an important choice, we should measure it from our personal values.
2) Determine the favorable occupation: you can consult the relevant reference manuals compiled by the government, make your own plans, and then consult the school teachers and relevant personnel. Usually we can get help from professionals in the school counseling center.
3) Make a decision: Finally, we all have to decide for ourselves what kind of career to choose. In this decision-making process, we should keep an open mind, list the special projects chosen as career goals one by one, examine their advantages and disadvantages from both positive and negative aspects, and make a comprehensive evaluation.
4) Career preparation: including preparation of relevant academic qualifications, accumulation of relevant experience, on-the-job training, acquisition and appraisal of relevant licenses or qualifications, etc. In short, continuing to strive for higher and better academic qualifications is the best way to prepare for career.
7. What are the basic countermeasures to establish leisure ethics?
1) Attach importance to ecological ethics: ecological ethics is a harmonious and beneficial life network built between people, people and the environment, and environment and environment, and it is proud of being able to survive in interdependence. Therefore, while enjoying leisure, we should have the concept of sustainable development, cherish and protect our environment and attach importance to the protection of the ecological environment.
2) Fulfilling the social responsibility of leisure undertakings: the management of leisure undertakings must take the highest interests of most people as the starting point and destination. In terms of facilities construction, the priority of development and the cooperation measures between the government and the people should be established according to this principle; In the planning of leisure content, we should improve its quality.
3) Strengthen the ethics of mass communication: Mass communication has a great and far-reaching influence and has the functions of supervision and management, dissemination of new knowledge, social education and mass entertainment. Leisure life will be full of fun if we can purify the content of communication and assume due social responsibility.
4) Awaken the right consciousness of leisure consumers: leisure is a basic right of individuals, and individuals should be awakened to understand this right to make their leisure activities more meaningful. First of all, we should attach importance to the right of self-choice and actively cultivate and choose a healthy and leisure life; Secondly, we should awaken the right to resist, resist and promote, expose bad entertainment activities to avoid their harm, stimulate the courage of social morality and guide the normal and healthy development of leisure life.
8. What kind of knowledge and psychological preparation should we have in the process of self-growth?
1) Learning and employment are actually two sides of the same body, and all roads lead to the same goal. They are all developing themselves. Sandwich style? If you want to gain a foothold in society, you must have a skill.
2) Be prepared for your strengths: people's professional interests and abilities are diverse, and the way to grow is to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.
3) Explore the adaptability of career curriculum: Career curriculum should be a process of continuous interaction and adjustment between individuals and the environment, focusing on self-development. Therefore, we should cultivate an understanding of the working world from an early age, respect the industry, and establish a correct concept and attitude.
4) Self-fulfillment: Individuals and groups are inseparable, interdependent and complementary. Therefore, we should accept ourselves, accept the society and establish the attitude of "I care about you". We should be good at self-realization with the help of groups, from which we can know ourselves, change ourselves and develop ourselves; We should take others as a mirror and see our own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages from others' eyes. We can also know ourselves through introspection, testing and trying. Have empathy, communicate with others in the same way, put yourself in others' shoes and understand others; Establish yourself in the group and open yourself up? Self-test Self-reflection? Affirm yourself? Unite yourself? Go beyond yourself.