Nanjing Phonology

Initial consonants: 21

p gang is not white p? 0? 1 is afraid of a draw m meimin cotton wood f feifeng Fu rice

t Duanduo will definitely understand t?0?1 Listen through the same leg l Nuannuo Niuli 0?1 Then sit in the pig farm?0?1?0?1 Check this s Shao Shu Rope calculation

t?0?5 Zhizhizhizhi only t?0?5?0?1 Eat the shame of the pool?0?5 Ten is the real time?0?9 people let the day be allowed

k*** just fuck each other k?0?1 watch Kuikui Brother Xia?0?5 Yangyun Wanyi

Rhyme vowels: 47 0?7 um?0?5r Er Erer?0?8 Chi is the word number i meter of 0?2 Zishi Clothes, chess, soil, bitter books, rain, girl's home needs

ɑDad makes tea, iɑ family leaves, fake uɑ flower baby hangs up to play

oPodo class 8?2 cars The loser's class street food loses too i? The street writes the eggplant night u? The strange fast outside falls 5?5. The United States gives the cup and pays u? 5? ?0?6 The wine is broken by 0?0o straw bag Shaogao i?0?0o hand over the small bridge to reverse the three difficulties and half u? turn around the switch

i?6?3 see conspicuous leisure y?6 ?3Donate Quanyuan Volume 0?5n Feng Bensen Chengin Xin Mingding Jin u?0?5n Ask the Difficulties Gunton yn Jun Xunyun Skirt

a?0?7 Ganganganghangia? 0?7 Xiangjiang Liangxiang ua?0?7 Guanghuang Wangzhuang

o?0?7 Same as Yongweng io?0?7 Embarrassed and poor chest forever 0?8?0?3 days straight Eat ten i?0?1?0?3 pen seven absorb benefits

ɑ?0?3 Basha hair gate iɑ?0?3 pinch narrow duck blind uɑ?0?3 dig brush scrape< /p>

o?0?3Drink each uncle’s mo io?0?3 Jiao Yuexue is sureuo?0?3 Zhuo Guoduo said 0?5?0?3 Ge drink this ie?0?3 then Cut the leaves to destroy the ye?0?3 The snow and the moon are missing 0?3?0?3 No wood cries for the green i?0?3?0?3 Quju Yuqu

Single-character tones: 5

Yinping: 31?9?6 Bangduan Jinxi Huijiang Gebo

Yangping: 13?9?4 Minglin Huang moved to Taiwan and Lin returned to Wang Chun

Upper voice: 22?0?2 Mi swing fake regret Lugang crab Limin

Going voice: 44?0?1 Movement makes the pain sick and trustworthy Wei Lian

Incoming voice: 4 ?0?3?0?0 Black and white eating and drinking with bare feet

Nanjing dialect:

Nanjing dialect belongs to Jianghuai Mandarin. Historically, Nanjing dialect was the Mandarin of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Today, the Nanjing dialect that has a greater influence in the cultural world is Nanjing Baiju.

Nanjing dialect is greatly influenced by northern Mandarin. Today’s Nanjing dialect (mainly in the southern Jingcheng area) is very close to northern Mandarin in phonology. Although Nanjing is located at the southern end of the Jianghuai dialect area (further south and east is the Wu dialect area), Nanjing dialect is more easily accepted than Jianghuai Mandarin in other areas. In terms of hearing, Nanjing dialect is similar to Anhui's Jianghuai Mandarin.

The old-school Nanjing dialect is also called Nanjing vernacular. There are big differences between Nanjing vernacular and new-school Nanjing dialect, mainly in the following aspects:

Pronunciation:

1. The old-school Nanjing dialect is divided into sharp groups, and today Nanjing people under the age of 60 can no longer tell the difference. For example, in the old Nanjing dialect, "jiang" and "jiang", "qian" and "qian" all have different pronunciations, but now they all have the same pronunciation.

2. The old-school Erhua pronunciation is very rich, and the new-school Erhua pronunciation is disappearing. This may be influenced by the Jiangpu and Liuhe dialects in nearby Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Wuhu and the suburbs of Nanjing (these dialects All are childless).

3. There are distinctions between the old-school retroflex sounds zh, ch, and sh r. For example, "Zhang" and "Zang", "Zhu" and "Zhou" all have different pronunciations. The new retroflex sounds only appear before i and e. For example: "Chi" and "Ci" can be distinguished, but "Zhang" and "Zhang" cannot be distinguished.

4. The old-school an and ang cannot be distinguished, such as "Guan = light", while the new-school, influenced by Mandarin, can distinguish them.

5. In Mandarin, the non-rhyme-yun characters pronounced as e are pronounced as e in Mandarin by young people today, while the old-schoolers pronounce it as [E] or [EI]; For the word "photograph", the old school all pronounces [o], while the new school reads [o] and [γ] arbitrarily.

The differences between Nanjing dialect and the surrounding Jianghuai dialects:

The differences between Nanjing dialect and the surrounding Jianghuai Mandarin are mainly reflected in the phonetic differences, mainly in the following aspects.

1. The first and second grades of Xianshanshe in Nanjing dialect are combined into one rhyme "a~", the same as Mandarin. But the surrounding Jianghuai Mandarin can still be distinguished. For example: in Mandarin and Nanjing dialect, "ban" = "office" and "guan" = "official". In Yangzhou dialect and Huai'an dialect, they have different rhymes.

2. Nanjing dialect is divided into Jian and Tuan dialects, while Yangzhou dialect, Huai'an dialect, etc. are not divided into Jian and Tuan dialects.

3. In Nanjing dialect, an and ang are not distinguished, but this is not the case in Yangzhou dialect.

4. Nanjing dialect has high vowels added into the tone, but there are no nearby dialects.

Internal differences in Nanjing dialect:

The dialects in urban Nanjing can show different differences in the southeast and northwest. Sometimes when two Nanjing people talk to each other, they both think that the other person is not pure. Nanjing native. There is a slight difference between the Xiaguan dialect in the north of the city and the dialect in the city center, but outside the Zhonghua Gate, the difference is even more obvious. The dialect spoken in the suburbs of Jiangning is not the same as the dialect spoken in the urban area of ??Nanjing, so the people in Jiangning are often called "uncivilized" by the people in Nanjing. Similarly, the dialects of Liuhe and Jiangpu in Jiangbei are quite different from those in urban areas. In Jiangpu dialect, "go" is pronounced as kei, while in Nanjing dialect, it is directly pronounced as qu in Mandarin. Sometimes the same word has different pronunciations in different places in Nanjing.

Most young people in urban Nanjing today can no longer speak pure Nanjing dialect. Even Nanjing people themselves admit that they speak "Nanpu". Jiangning, Jiangpu and other places still retain relatively authentic dialects with dialects. However, because Nanjing is a political and cultural center, suburbanites will change to the impure Mandarin-flavored "Nanpu" when they arrive in urban Nanjing, or Speak Mandarin directly. If it is not protected, it will not be long before this authentic Nanjing vernacular will no longer be heard. There are typical Nanjing dialects in the Nanjing dialect rap songs "Drinking Wontons", "Squeezing the Bus", and "Hello Chen Shui-bian".