I. Development history
Longshan millet has a long history of planting, which began in the Spring and Autumn Period and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Together with "Golden Rice" in Jinxiang County, Shanxi Province, "Qinzhou Yellow" and "Taohua Rice" in Hebei Province, it is known as the four famous rice in China. According to Guo Shusheng, an 80-year-old man from Longshan Village, according to the records of famous officials of Zhou Dynasty in Qing Dynasty, Longshan Xiaomi was called the Royal Gong Mi during the Qianlong period, which was a tribute to the old dynasty.
Longshan millet originated in the range of 5 km from east to west and 0/0 km from north to south, with Baigudui in the south, Lanjia Village in the north, Lujia Village in the west and Daguanzhuang in the east, especially the 400-acre Shirenpo in Longshan Village. With the historical changes and the continuous expansion of the city scale, the origin of Longshan millet has also changed. In addition to 400 mu of Shirenpo in Longshan Village, the planting area of millet in Longshan Mountain in the southern mountainous area of our city has been expanded year by year, and it has now developed to Shangbaiqiu Village in Guanzhuang Town in the east. Hanjiatai Village, Duozhuang Town, West; Nanmaiyao Village, Duozhuang Town, South; North of Xigoutou Village, Longshan Sub-district Office; It has jurisdiction over 7 townships (street offices) including Longshan, Shengjing, Caofan, Duozhuang, Wen Zu, Guanzhuang and Bucun, with 32 1 administrative village, with a total production area of 2,000 hectares and an annual output of more than 6,000 tons.
In recent years, in order to restore the position of Longshan millet as a traditional crop as soon as possible, efforts have been made to enhance the popularity and reputation of Longshan millet and make this industry bigger and stronger. Zhangqiu Municipal Party Committee and Zhangqiu Municipal Government attach great importance to the production and development of this special product, and give strong support in human, financial and material aspects. In order to find the original seed "East Road is overcast and dry", scientific and technical personnel have traveled all over the hilly areas of the city and Zhangqiu. Finally, the original variety of Longshan millet "East Road is overcast and dry" was discovered in Zhang Cun, Wenzu Town, and the planting of this ancient variety was resumed. After several years of development, the planting area of millet in Longshan has expanded year by year, and the production, processing and sales have begun to take shape.
Second, the main varieties
Longshan millet is the general name of farmers' variety groups in Longshan area of Zhangqiu. The representative variety "Dong Lu Yin Gan" is mainly distributed in the range of 5 km from east to west and 0/0 km from north to south with Shirenpo in Longshan Village as the center. It is a unique variety formed under certain natural conditions and adapted to the environmental conditions in this area. Its growth period is about 120 days, its plant height is 1.6 meters, and it does not lodging. Spikes are conical, with purple bristles, medium-wide leaves and dark green. Because leaves curl when other crops are dry on rainy days, it is called "cloudy drought on the east road". Its average ear weight 18 ~ 20g, ear grain weight 1 1 ~ 12g, average yield per mu of 200 ~ 250kg, and rice yield of about 80%.
Third, the quality characteristics
Longshan millet seeds are big and round, golden in color, sticky and delicious, and rich in nutrition, which is higher than other varieties. Especially when cooking porridge, there is a layer of Huang Liang rice oil on the surface, which tastes delicious and is a good tonic for pregnant women and the elderly. According to legend, a long time ago, there was a very filial daughter-in-law whose family was very poor. Once, the old man was ill and bedridden. In the absence of flour, the daughter-in-law cooks and nourishes the sick old man every day. In order to make the old man recover as soon as possible, she couldn't bear to eat a bite of porridge, so she gave it all to the old man and drank some rice soup herself. Under her careful care, the old man recovered, but she became white and fat. They eat Longshan millet.
In order to further understand the nutritional components of Longshan millet, we entrusted the Agricultural Products Quality Testing Center (Jinan) of the Ministry of Agriculture to analyze the quality of Longshan millet. According to the determination, its fat content is 3.0%, protein content is 10.6%, crude starch content is 75. 15%, lysine content is 0. 19%, and it also contains calcium, phosphorus, iron and calcium.
Fourth, the ecological environment.
The formation of fine quality of Longshan millet is closely related to its geographical environment and soil conditions. The soil around Longshan, the origin of millet in Longshan, is piedmont alluvial soil with deep soil layer, yellow soil and fertile texture. In addition, its geographical environment and climatic conditions are more suitable for the growth and development of millet, which is a unique condition for forming the excellent quality of Longshan millet.
According to the determination, the soil nutrient content in this area is: organic matter 1.32%, total nitrogen 0.075%, total phosphorus 0.082%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 67ppm, available phosphorus 24ppm, available potassium 93ppm, soil replacement amount18.2 mg100g, and soil. Therefore, this is also one of the important conditions for the formation of excellent quality and varieties of Longshan millet.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) cultivation management
Strengthening the field management of Longshan millet can not only accelerate its growth and development, promote its robust growth, but also effectively improve its yield and quality and increase its income without violating the agricultural season. Its cultivation management technology should master the following six aspects:
(1) Fine soil preparation: On the basis of ploughing and harrowing in winter, top harrowing is carried out to loosen topsoil and improve the quality of soil preparation.
(2) Timely early sowing: Timely early sowing is the key measure to prolong growth period, increase yield and improve quality. Because the quality of this variety is greatly influenced by the growth period, the growth period is about 120 days, with the strongest fragrance and the best quality.
(3) Spacing and fixing seedlings in time: Spacing and fixing seedlings should be done in time. For plots lacking seedlings, seedling thinning and transplanting should be carried out in time after the rain, so that the seedlings are complete, neat, uniform and Miao Zhuang. And realize 3-leaf seedling spacing and 4-leaf seedling setting, with about 50,000 seedlings per mu. Planting specifications: row spacing 0.45m, sowing width 0. 1 m.
(4) Fertilization technology
Apply sole fertilizer and granular fertilizer skillfully. Longshan millet is barren-tolerant and requires less fertilizer. Generally, sheep manure with more phosphorus and nitrogen per mu 1 ~ 1.5 tons, chicken manure with 0.8 ~ 1.0 tons or high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer as base fertilizer has the best effect. In order to ensure large ears, many grains and heavy grains, about 2 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate can be applied after ditching at booting stage in the rain, and the soil should be covered tightly after application.
(5) plow the fields diligently, take root and strengthen seedlings. As the saying goes, "dig twice a day." During the growth and development of millet in Longshan, hoeing and loosening soil is a crucial cultivation measure. Generally, it is necessary to hoe the ground and loosen the soil for 5-6 times during the whole growth period, including 3-4 times at the seedling stage, so as to remove weeds, enclose soil and protect seedlings, and grow roots and strengthen seedlings. At booting stage, shallow mulch cultivation should be carried out, and combined with mulch cultivation, soil loosening should be carried out twice to achieve the purpose of breaking old roots, spraying new roots, strengthening roots and stems and preventing lodging.
(6) timely control of diseases and insect pests: millet diseases are relatively light. The main pests are armyworms, borers and aphids. Therefore, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests before and after heading of millet. Especially after entering August, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of armyworms and aphids.
Development prospect of intransitive verbs
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, the consumption concept has undergone a fundamental change, gradually changing from food and clothing to safe and high-quality consumption, and people's demand for "green, safe and high-quality" agricultural products is increasing day by day. As a famous agricultural product in Shandong Province, Longshan Xiaomi's sales volume has also increased year by year, and this industry has become bigger and stronger. Ping Ling City, Qingzhaoyuan, Yumanxiang, Jinping Mountain, Lvxinyuan, Huabao and other brands have successively passed the certification of green food and organic food. Among them, the earliest certified "Ping Ling" brand Longshan Xiaomi was awarded "the first famous brand agricultural product in Shandong Province" in 2007, and its products are exported to many cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai.