Basic cultivation methods Anyone who knows and adopts the correct cultivation methods can grow healthy and beautiful African violets. It should be noted that African violets have become the most popular indoor potted plants in Europe, America and Japan, mainly because they can bloom all year round as long as the environment is suitable, and the main reason for promoting flowering is light. Next to the window is the best place to plant flowers, because the light coming through the window glass is the best. But in summer, it is best to separate a curtain to avoid burns. If you don't have an ideal window to grow flowers, there is another way to grow beautiful violets with artificial lighting under fluorescent lights. Please remember that plants must be placed 20 ~ 25 cm away from fluorescent lamps, and the lights should be turned on 12 ~ 14 hours every day, while maintaining indoor air circulation. The most common reason for the failure of cultivating violets by watering is that excessive watering leads to root rot. Touch the surface of the basin soil with your hands, and then water it when it feels slightly dry, especially in the humid winter in northern Taiwan Province Province. During the high temperature period in summer, the basin soil should be completely wetted at least twice a week (that is, water can be seen flowing out from the basin bottom) to release the salt and water accumulated in the basin soil. "Environmental" violets are native to tropical forests in the mountains of East Africa. From its origin, high humidity and bright indirect light are the best growing environments. However, since Taiwan Province Province itself is a region with high humidity, special attention should be paid to the difference between summer and winter. Generally speaking, a comfortable environment is the place where violets are suitable for growth. Temperature-18 c-25 c humidity -50%-60% air circulation-if it is a confined space, an electric fan can be used to keep the air circulation. If it is in an air-conditioned room, please don't put it directly at the air outlet. Lack of suitable fertilizers and nutrients in fertilization is one of the reasons why violets can't bloom continuously. It is suggested that you dilute the flower fertilizer to a concentration lower than the specified concentration on the principle of small amount and multiple meals, and apply it 1-2 times a week. Seedlings can mainly use fertilizers that promote the growth of roots and leaves, and gradually increase the components that promote flowering. Because of the different growth rates, plants cultivated under artificial light need to be fertilized several times more than those cultivated under natural light. According to the growth factors of different varieties

Only by applying 5.50. 17 special fertilizer to variegated varieties can beautiful variegated varieties be planted. Potted soil is suitable for planting violets. The soil should be light, clean and breathable, which is helpful for stretching the roots. In addition, the special sterile culture medium for violets is also a common trend abroad. "Plastic surgery" A healthy and beautiful violet must always pay attention to removing withered leaves and withered flowers. You can prepare a soft brush to remove dust from the leaves and occasionally spray the leaves with a sprayer. The growing violets should be changed once or twice a year according to the situation. If you want to keep the plant in a certain size, you can use pots of the same size when changing pots, pick off the redundant leaves, and pick out healthy leaves for transplanting and reproduction. If you want to plant a big plant, you can change it into a bigger pot. "Propagation" Generally, varieties can be propagated by inserting leaves, but flower varieties must be propagated by lateral buds. Select robust leaves from plants, remove them from roots, keep petioles of 2 ~ 3 cm, dip them in rooting agent and insert them obliquely in sterile pot soil. An 8 cm pot can insert about 2 ~ 3 leaves. Please remember to write down the variety name and the date of leaf insertion on the variety card, and the seedlings will grow in about 2 ~ 3 months (depending on the variety). The light shines on African violets. It needs plenty of light.

In order to thrive, blossom and bear fruit. African violets need more light than "flowerless and toothless" plants that can grow in the dark.

But it needs less light than other "flowering plants" such as roses. African violets do not need direct sunlight.

Only the light that needs to be scattered

So it's best to plant African violets eastward.

Because when the sun passes through the tree from the east,

Obstacles on eaves or nearby high-rise buildings

Will weaken and disperse the light.

It constitutes the light suitable for growing African violets. But the light came into the house from other directions.

Will greatly enhance the light because of reflection.

Make African violets absorb too much light. But please remember.

The sunlight absorbed from one direction will vary with the seasons.

For example, in spring.

Suitable light in summer

But in autumn,

It gets too dark in winter. on the contrary

Zai Chun

Light that feels too strong in summer

in autumn

Winter becomes suitable. then

Distance between flowerpot and window

It is also enough to greatly affect the difference in light absorption of African violets. Because natural light often produces unstable changes.

The artificial lighting of light tube can make African violet grow normally under the preset light amount and time.

Irradiate 12 to 14 hours with a lamp every day, and let it stay in a dark dormancy period of 8 to 10 hours.

Absorb food made during the day. This will make plants healthier.

If you want accurate lighting time

It can be assisted by an automatic time switch. As far as the common standard variety African violet is concerned,

The light pipe can be installed six to eight inches from the top of the blade; As for the seedlings of mini varieties,

It can be three to four inches away; Because the luminosity in the middle of the light pipe is the strongest and the two ends are the weakest.

African violets and varieties with dark green leaves can be placed in a relatively strong position. Regardless of the so-called "cool"

Warm tube or light tube for plants

The effect of stabilizing illumination can be achieved. Instead of insisting on using expensive [twisted firewood] solar tubes. Pots and African violets have relatively shallow roots.

Therefore, ordinary plastic shallow pots or flat-bottomed pots are also suitable for use. in fact

The most important thing is to choose the size of the flowerpot.

Usually flowerpots are one third of the diameter of plants.

Proportion to plants

Medium-sized flowerpots can not only prevent plants from causing diseases due to excessive watering. Or because there are too many planting materials and too much water is stored, the roots lose their absorption ability. Plastic pots are not only cheap

Moreover, the basin body is light and easy to clean. Chemical salts will not accumulate at the edge of the basin, which will cause the leaves and petioles to be wet. When plants grow up,

It needs to be transplanted into a larger flowerpot to keep growing. Flower pots with a diameter less than one inch should be enlarged at a time.

Let it adapt gradually

Never change from a small basin to a big basin overnight.

Cause plants to get sick because they can't adapt. The roots of African violets are not only shallow, but also thin.

Therefore, the planting materials need to be light and airtight, so that the roots can easily absorb air and nutrients through the planting materials. As for the African violet plants commonly sold in the market, it is not suitable.

It is more suitable after self-adjustment. But there are as many plants as there are stars in the sky.

But there is no certain standard.

It's best to rely on your own experience. Water and fertilize African violets. Not too dry or too wet. Proper watering requires careful observation and accumulation of experience.

Be easy to master. When that plant material is dry,

The color is lighter. The flowerpot is also lighter.

It's time to remind us that we need watering. In addition, try to avoid wetting the leaves of African violets when watering. special

Plants planted in natural light

When the water drops on the leaves

Focus the sunlight on the leaves (like a magnifying glass)

Burn the leaves. One more thing is worth noting.

Just don't leave too much water on the flowerpot for a long time. Such as shiny leaves and lush flowers.

Proper fertilization is indispensable. African violets should be lightly fertilized.

Among the flower fertilizers sold in the market

The most ideal thing is qi.

[phosphorus]

Potassium adds up to sixty.

In quantity, add eight to four teaspoons of flower fertilizer per gallon with room temperature water. Remember never to fertilize those plants that are too dry.

You'd better water it thoroughly first.

Violets bought by flower shops will make flowers bloom brilliantly, because flower farmers will lose a lot of fertilizer. The flowers bought in this way are too fat, and the flowers will wither slowly and then die slowly. So now you wait for the soil to dry, which will take about 2 months, and then slowly fertilize it after adapting to the environment. On the issue of watering, this aspect is affected by seasonal changes and planting environment. In summer, the air humidity is high, and the water is not easy to evaporate. Watering depends on the weight of the cultivated soil in the basin and the color of its surface. When the weight of cultivated soil becomes lighter and the color of mud surface becomes lighter, add water at this time. If there is too much water, the roots of plants will be damaged by long-term soaking, the original white roots will turn dark brown, and the leaves around plants will also become soft due to evaporation of water. At this time, the remedy is to cut off the damaged roots, cut off the peripheral leaves and replant them. In addition, don't let the leaves get wet when watering. If this is the case, it is necessary to use absorbent paper to absorb water droplets, because water droplets will have the function of concentrating light in the sun, and leaf cells will be injured by heating. In terms of fertilization, it should be light but not thick, and it should be applied in half according to the instructions, and water should be added every time watering the flowers. If fertilization is excessive, the center of the plant will be deformed and grow abnormally. Fertilization is not allowed at this time, and it should be watered with clear water until the plants recover.

Reference: yourself and reading reference books