Fruit trees are like two closed sleeves inside and outside, with leaves above and roots below. The upper leaves are ventilated and transparent, and the lower roots are nourished by fertilizer, water, air and heat. Today, I am here to explain how to use pruning to adjust the potential of fruit trees. Although there are various methods and version numbers of pruning technology, they are all inseparable from the institutional structure, habits and basic concepts of fruit trees.
1. Trunk repair Once the main channels of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River are determined, their sizes will generally remain unchanged. We just need to rebuild the distance and depth of the main channel according to its water consumption and flow rate. The trunk of fruit trees can be basically carried out by twisting branches and pulling tips, lifting heads, shaping and pruning in the early stage. When fruit trees are in full bloom, they are generally not given to the population and are changed casually.
Dry lifting is mainly ventilation, followed by disease prevention, which is convenient to operate. Lowering the head is mainly for better light transmission, followed by manipulating the terminal buds and balancing the overall tree potential. The standard is: first, then; Dragging his dry head down gently. According to the terrain, altitude, level and distance from the sea, the relative height of the trunk is clearly defined.
The key goal of twisting branches and pulling out tips is to draw conclusions and benefit early. On the basis of defining permanent branch and temporary branch, grasp the size of the perspective of pulling branch and the weight of twisting branch. Ensure the amount of main branches in the early stage and the amount of branches in the middle and late stage. After shaping and pruning, start from the south and define the main branch clockwise. There is no south left in the upper part, no north left in the lower part, no low left in the east and no high left in the west, spiraling upward, and the interval between the main branch and the left and right branches is kept at about one foot.
Second, the pruning tree type of the main branch and the main branch are clear, and the fruit tree adjustment is very important, mainly pruning the main branch. The size, size, length and number of main branches are very important to the tree potential. In short, the key to a truly balanced tree potential lies in the adjustment of the potential, shape, energy and quantity of the main branches. There are only two points in pruning the main branches: one is to master the degree of shrinkage, and the other is to master the number of treetops. It seems simple, but it's actually complicated. The key point of technology lies in mastering a "degree".
For young trees and early trees, biaxial widening is adopted to ensure the stability of branch potential and the increase of branch quantity, and minimize shrinkage. For medium-intensity trees, pay attention to the number and height of main treetops, and manipulate the size and size of branchlets for this purpose. For big trees and weak trees, take the branches on the body or back as the guide, shrink boldly, promote the peeling of the tip, back and inner hall, and stop falling off and sprouting.
The main branch shrinks to avoid being led by the branch. As the saying goes, "although the big branches are small, they grow on the back", and the branches on the back are born to lead branches. Although they are small, they are particularly large. The treetops are low or weak, with little or light retraction, and are pulled by the upper branches; The top of the tree is tall or strong, shrinking more or less, and is led by branches from behind.
Third, the pruning of branchlets actually refers to branches. Regardless of the size of the lateral branches, there are "working" branches and fruiting branches. For the pruning of branchlets, mainly by means of going, cutting short, raising or lowering the branch angle, etc., the purpose is to manipulate the yield and improve the fruiting branch group. Short-branch species, the branches are inclined upward, with the help of long branches and strong branches; For long branch species, all branches droop, and conclusions are drawn with the help of short middle branches and new buds. Branches, according to the branch potential, branch age and flowering and fruiting time, raise or lower the treetops when pruning.
Thinning branches, cutting short, carving buds, smearing buds, smoothing branches, rubbing branches, wrangling, left and right cutting and peeling, twisting branches and pulling out tips, restraining tops and promoting sprouting, renewing branches, restraining branches from branches, straight flower cutting, hat cutting, three-bud cutting, etc. These seemingly complicated and tedious technologies actually have only one purpose, that is, to balance the tree potential and the branch potential and avoid the occurrence of large and small years. In short, under the current situation that the market stipulates high-grade fresh fruit, pruning only needs to follow the standard of "removing weakness, dispersing prosperity, suppressing resentment and seeking all-round strength", and it is particularly easy and simple to learn.
Through decades of practice and exploration, many fruit farmers' friends, especially folk experts who like and are good at learning, have summarized many pruning techniques and compiled many jingles, which should be worth learning from all of us. However, in learning, we must not learn by rote, but must adapt to local conditions and innovate according to local actual conditions.