Mao Zedong is a poet, philosopher, philosopher, poet, revolutionary and revolutionary poet. He is also a poet, historian and historian poet who "writes history with events and writes poetry with events". Mao Zedong's poems reflect the historical context of his thought development, the hardships and hardships of the China Revolution and the course of the Chinese nation's standing up, which is the collective memory of several generations of China people.
1, "You will never grow up if you only drink the water from the well"; "Children are determined to leave the countryside, and if they don't become famous, they will never return"-early enlightenment and determination.
When Mao Zedong was 8 years old, she watched the lion dance at grandma's house during the Spring Festival and wrote a poem:
"The lion's eyes are bulging, the vegetables are cooked with tofu, and the wine is exothermic and the meat is cooked."
This is the first poem written by Mao Zedong so far. This poem is full of the childlike innocence of the young author, and also reveals the aura and talent of the young author. His ambition and ideas are invisible in this poem. Four years later, 12-year-old Mao Zedong wrote two poems, which have initially revealed his ambition. One of them is "Five Ancient Poems: Yong Jing":
"The patio is surrounded by high walls. See the pebbles clearly, among the small fish. Drinking only the water from the well won't last long. "
This poem originally expressed young Mao Zedong's wish not to be a fish in the well.
17-year-old Mao Zedong left Shaoshan and rushed to Dongshan Middle School in Xiangxiang County to study. This is a new school different from private schools. There, Mao Zedong's thinking also jumped to a new height. Mao Zedong's rewriting of other people's poems proves this point:
"Children are determined to go to the countryside, and they won't come back until they become famous. The bones don't need to be buried, and they are endless. "
This poem expresses Mao Zedong's ambition to see the world through the storm of the outside world.
Mao Zedong, who went to Changsha to study, saw his respected and knowledgeable teacher Yang Changji, which opened his eyes. He knew what China was like at that time, what the world was like, saw the oppression of China by imperialism and the backwardness of China caused by feudalism, and began to form the heart of saving the country.
He wrote two poems in 19 15 to express this idea. One is Gu Wu Wan Yi Tao Chang, which wrote:
"There are islands in the East China Sea, and there is hatred in Beishan."
One is "Four-character Poetry"; I heard that Japan proposed Article 21 to Yuan Shikai.
"On May 7th, the shame of the Republic of China. Why revenge? Among my students! "
In the imperialist oppression and aggression against China, militaristic Japan in the east and Russia in the north have the greatest ambition and the most serious harm to China. In order to monopolize China, the Russo-Japanese War broke out from 1904 to 1905, with northeast China as the battlefield. As a result, Japan replaced Russia's dominant position in northeast China.
After that, Japan's ambition expanded further. 19 14 After the outbreak of World War I, the Japanese army occupied the Shandong Peninsula, the sphere of influence of the German army in China. 19 15 At the beginning of this year, Japan put forward "Article 21" aimed at monopolizing China and attempting to turn China into its protectorate, and issued an ultimatum to China on May 7, ordering a reply before May 9.
Mao Zedong angrily wrote this poem with the word 16. This is a poem that marks Mao Zedong's first step on the revolutionary road.
2. "Ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs"-thinking and exploring the road after 30 years.
Mao Zedong's poems before "Qinyuanchun Changsha" are more related to parents, wives, teachers and classmates, while his later poems are more related to revolution, construction, comrades-in-arms, friends and objects of struggle.
From "Changsha Qinyuan Spring"
"Ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs?"
By the 1935 Zunyi Conference, Mao Zedong had been trying to solve the big problems of where China was going, where China Revolution was going, and who was in charge of the ups and downs.
1in the spring of 927, Mao Zedong expressed the anguish of "the tortoise and snake locked the river" in Bodhisattva Yellow Crane Tower.
Before writing this poem, Mao Zedong once asked, "Who is our enemy? Who are our friends? This problem is the primary problem of the revolution, and the rise of the peasant movement is a big problem.
After writing this poem, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and took the team to Jinggangshan. The autumn harvest uprising raised the banner of sickle and axe for the first time, and called the uprising army the revolutionary army of workers and peasants. At that time, Mao Zedong wrote "Xijiang Moon Autumn Harvest Uprising", which recorded the history that "the army is called the workers and peasants revolution, and the flag is a sickle and axe", and also stated that farmers are the main force of the revolution:
"Landlords are tyrannical and farmers are enemies."
1in the autumn of 928, Mao Zedong wrote "Xijiang Yue Jinggangshan", which recorded the experience of establishing rural revolutionary base areas and carrying out armed struggle in Jinggangshan.
From the autumn of 1929 to the summer of 193 1, Mao Zedong hummed many poems on horseback during the fighting years when he established the revolutionary base in eastern Jiangxi and western Fujian. Mao Zedong once said, "These words were hummed on horseback from 1929 to 193 1 year. Poor literary talent reflects the happy state of revolutionary people and revolutionary soldiers at that time. As historical materials, it is possible. "
These words record the scene of "it's really busy to divide the land and divide the land" and the philosophical thinking of "yellow flowers in the battlefield are particularly fragrant"; It also recorded the history of the Central Committee's "Left" putschism demanding that the Red Army hit Changsha and other big cities. It also recorded the victories in the battle against "encirclement and suppression", such as "catching Zhang Huizan in front" and "sweeping an army like a straw mat".
193 1 1 At the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Wang Ming gained the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the "Left" dogmatism expanded in an all-round way. They caused great losses to the party's strength in the white area. They couldn't stay in Shanghai any longer, so they retreated to Jiangxi revolutionary base area, crowding out Mao Zedong, which did great harm to the base area.
193 1 year1month "Gannan conference" severely criticized Mao Zedong. 1932, 10, Mao Zedong was transferred from the leadership position of the red army. 1in the summer of 933, Mao Zedong wrote "Bodhisattva Man Da Bai Di" and raised the question of "Who is dancing colorful exercises". 1in the summer of 934, the military situation was critical, and Mao Zedong's Qing Ping Le Hui Chang reflected the life of being forced to live in seclusion.
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Japanese imperialism not only invaded the northeast of China by force, but also extended its claws of aggression to the north of China. However, the Kuomintang government led by Chiang Kai-shek stubbornly implemented the policy of "settling in the busy outside", and the Chinese nation reached the most dangerous time.
During this period, China's * * * production party blindly imitated Soviet dogmatism in many practices, and "Left" dogmatism occupied the leading position of the party.
During this period, Mao Zedong put forward some important ideas, such as "the victory of China's revolutionary struggle depends on Comrade China's understanding of China", and found a revolutionary road in China, which is different from the Soviet Union, that is, mobilizing farmers, encircling cities from rural areas and seizing political power by armed forces, and achieved initial results in Jinggangshan, Gannan and western Fujian.
However, during this period, Mao Zedong was excluded and suppressed by "Left" dogmatists, and his mood was low. He is still only a local leader, not the overall central leader. His thought is still in the primary stage and has not become the guiding ideology of the whole party.
3. "Now take a step from the beginning"-undoubtedly a major turning point after the year.
1935 to 1 to 1937 is the preparation stage of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a major turning point for the party and the nation, and also a major turning point for Mao Zedong's life. Zunyi meeting is a starting point. The Zunyi Meeting elected Mao Zedong as the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, which made him enter the top leadership and decision-making level of the * * * production party in China, and gradually became the backbone of the CPC Central Committee and the main commander of the Red Army.
The Long March is the peak of Mao Zedong's poetry creation. The picture shows the handwriting of Mao Zedong's Qingpingle Liupanshan, which reads:
The sky is high and the clouds are light, looking at the flying geese in the south. If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero, but you will fight for 20,000.
At the top of Liupan Mountain, the red flag flutters in the west wind. Holding a long tassel today, when will it be a black dragon?
This stage is the most brilliant stage of Mao Zedong's poetry. After Emei Mountain Pass, from 1935 to 10, four famous poems were written successively: Seven Laws Long March, Niannujiao Kunlun, Qingpingle Liupanshan and Six-character Poems for Comrade Peng.
This is the month in which Mao Zedong wrote the most poems, reflecting Mao Zedong's joyful mood after the Red Army's long March northward to resist Japan and arrived in northern Shaanxi: "There is no doubt in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village."
Then,1February, 936, on the way to the crusade to open up the anti-Japanese channel, Mao Zedong wrote the pinnacle of his poetry creation-"Spring and Snow in Qinyuan". This masterpiece with the theme of opposing feudalism contains the idea of fighting for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
A year later, Mao Zedong wrote "Sacrifice to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor", which concentrated on expressing his determination to resist Japan and save the country. Among them, it wrote: "The East does not wait for talents, and swords and shoes are full of energy; Wan Li is rugged and serves the country. " "Give me back the rights of my country; This thing is this ambition and will never swear. "
At this stage, Mao Zedong Thought began to grow and made great efforts, which made it attractive to the whole party. After the Red Army went north to resist Japan and arrived in northern Shaanxi, 1935 and 1935 in February, Mao Zedong made a speech on "Strategies against Japanese imperialism", criticizing the "Left" closed-doorism mistake of regarding the national bourgeoisie as the enemy.
For the first time, it solved the problem of the party's political line during the second revolutionary civil war. This is the "national front, a good way to save the country" praised in the poem "Sacrificing the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor".
According to this "prescription", a new situation of "Qian Qian is powerless" and "vast territory" has emerged. From 1936 to 12, Mao Zedong wrote "Strategic Issues of Revolutionary War in China", summed up the experience of the second revolutionary civil war and studied the laws of the revolutionary war in China.
Criticizing the "Left" military line has systematically explained that the Party should proceed from the reality of the China revolution, implement the military line, and put the Red Army on the correct military road.
After solving the problems of political line and military line, Mao Zedong began to solve the problem of ideological line. 1In July and August, 937, Mao Zedong successively completed the writing of two philosophical papers, On Practice and On Contradiction, and delivered a speech at Yan 'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University.
On Practice criticizes the misunderstanding of "Left" dogmatists, believing that they will only swallow the words and phrases in Marxist books, reject the experience of China revolution and despise practice. On Contradiction criticizes the cognitive mistakes of "Left" dogmatists who look at problems in isolation, stillness and one-sidedly, and despise the particularity of contradictions.
On Practice and On Contradiction are the representative works of Mao Zedong's philosophy and the pinnacle of Mao Zedong's philosophy.
The Party and the Red Army carried out Mao Zedong's ideological line of putting practice first and attaching importance to particularity and the military line of proceeding from the special reality of China's revolutionary war, which made the "encirclement and suppression" organized by Chiang Kai-shek in the northwest fail every time.
The Party and the Red Army followed Mao Zedong's political line of mobilizing a powerful revolutionary army to deal with the Japanese invasion, echoing what March of the Volunteers said, "The Chinese nation is at the most dangerous moment", which led to the rise of the "December 9" anti-Japanese national salvation movement and made the Northeast Army and the Northwest Army, which attacked the Red Army under the orders of Chiang Kai-shek, demand to turn their guns to deal with the Japanese invaders.
The situation changed when the "Xi Incident" broke out and the "Civil War became an anti-Japanese poem".
4. "Learning while producing"; "Learning while Fighting"-Anti-Japanese War, Learning and Production
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period is a period when Mao Zedong's poetry creation is less. But at this stage, Mao Zedong's poems not only contain the Five Laws of General Dai Anlan, but also contain inscriptions for the Anti-Japanese Movement:
"While learning, while producing and overcoming difficulties, the enemy will be discouraged."
Also published a book "Women in China":
"Women's liberation, a sudden emergence. 20,000 people, working hard for heroes. Men and women go hand in hand, like Japan. Defeat the enemy with this, why won't the enemy lean over? Fight hard against the law. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. A woman looks at the clouds like a drought. This compilation is waiting to be popular. "
And the inscription of the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine:
"Fight and learn, never return, make persistent efforts."
Although the artistic level of these three four-character poems is not outstanding in Mao Zedong's poems, they emphasize fighting, learning, production and women's liberation, but they have extremely important ideological, political and practical significance.
Fight, we can't relax at any time in front of the Japanese invaders who are armed to the teeth. Women's liberation, men and women driving side by side, this is one of the requirements of "organizing thousands of people in Qian Qian and mobilizing the mighty revolutionary army". From advocating study to carrying out rectification study, we should implement the correct political, military and ideological lines and criticize and prevent dogmatism.
The production movement solved the problem of "do it yourself and have plenty of food and clothing". The rectification movement, the study movement and the production movement laid an important ideological and material foundation for winning the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and even the later liberation war.
At this stage, although Mao Zedong's poetry creation is less, it is the most abundant and important stage of other works. On Protracted War, combined with War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's concrete reality, further enriched China's military thoughts on the strategic issues of revolutionary war, and was a representative work of Mao Zedong's military works.
The Theory of New Democracy is a mature landmark work of Mao Zedong Thought and a representative work of Mao Zedong's political works. Changing the style of study, rectifying the party style and opposing stereotyped Party writing were the guiding documents of the rectification study at that time, and were the representative works of Mao Zedong's party building thought. Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art is the representative work of Mao Zedong's cultural thought.
"Serving the People" and "Yu Gong Yi Shan" embody the moral character and pursuit of producers in China, and are representative works of Mao Zedong's values.
This stage is the stage when Mao Zedong combined the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete reality of China's revolution and informatization. It is the stage when people of insight in the party put forward "Mao Zedong Thought"; It is the stage when Mao Zedong Thought began to mature, and it is also the important stage when China's * * * production party began to mature and the Chinese nation began to revive from the trough.
5, "turned upside down, generous"-the creation of People's Republic of China (PRC).
The stage of the War of Liberation is also a relatively rare stage of Mao Zedong's poetry. The masterpiece of Mao Zedong's poetry at this stage is "The Seven Laws of the People's Liberation Army Occupy Nanjing", which is "turned upside down and impassioned". Followed by Zhang Guan Daozhong of Wufa, Wen Wei Po of Wufa Xi, Qifa and Mr. Liu Yazi. In my opinion, there are still two poems in Mao Zedong's poems at this stage that should be paid attention to. One is a five-character poem "The Army is Advancing":
"The army has advanced, the production has increased by an inch, the discipline has been strengthened, and the revolution is invincible."
This poem concisely expresses Mao Zedong's understanding of the relationship between the army, production, discipline and revolutionary victory, which is of great theoretical and practical significance. The other is a four-character poem of "giving consideration to both public and private":
"Give consideration to both public and private, labor and capital benefits, urban and rural mutual assistance, internal and external communication.
This poem embodies the idea of dealing with all aspects of relations, managing the country well and building the country well, which has a great influence on guiding the transformation from revolution to construction and shifting the focus of work from rural areas to cities.
At this stage, although Mao Zedong's poems and essays are few, it is a stage in which his military strategic thought shines brilliantly in practice. As far as the result of the struggle is concerned, this stage is the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the people of China have stood up since then.