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How do fruit trees grow in Brazil?
Passionflower is a vine fruit tree. In order to grow well, bear more fruits and have fewer pests and diseases, it is necessary to cultivate with scaffolding. At present, there are two kinds of passionflower cultivation: trellis and hedge. These two kinds of clothes hangers have their own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of scaffolding are that it can shade the ground in dry land, sloping land and dry season, reduce evaporation and form a small environment with high relative humidity under scaffolding, and at the same time, it can make full use of abundant bamboo and wood resources in some areas and reduce the cost of scaffolding; Its disadvantages are thin effective green leaf layer, small fruit bearing capacity, low yield, and difficult pruning, pest control and disease prevention. In paddy field or rainy season, the humidity of orchard is high, which is easy to induce diseases. At the same time, more fruits are left on the shed surface when they are ripe, and they do not fall to the ground in time, which is not conducive to fruit harvesting. The advantages of hedge frame are convenient for shaping and pruning, pest control and spraying, artificial pollination and fruit harvesting, and at the same time, the effective green leaf layer is thick, the fruit carrying capacity is large, and ventilation and light reception are reasonable; The disadvantage is that scaffolding needs more wire. At present, according to the principle of high efficiency and low cost, it is advocated to use a single-row hedge frame, that is, only one wire is pulled at the top of the hedge frame column pile, and the main branches of passion fruit grow along the wire. The wire specification is No.8 or 10. If the columns are relatively dense, such as every 1 vertical 1 pile, there is no iron wire. 12 can be used, the height of the iron line from the ground is1.8m, and the pile or column should be above1.8m, so as to make full and reasonable use of space and light energy. The columns and pillars used for scaffolding can be reinforced concrete columns, wooden stakes or bamboo stakes, depending on the actual situation of each orchard. Reinforced concrete column piles are durable, but the cost is high, while wooden piles or bamboo piles are cheaper and have shorter service life. The compromise method is to use reinforced concrete column piles with bamboo piles or wooden piles and alternate columns. This can take into account the advantages of low cost and durability. Based on comprehensive analysis, high and stable yield, convenient cultivation and management, and considering the cost of scaffolding, it is suggested to use single-row fence frame to cultivate passion fruit. Passionflower mainly grows yellow fruits and purple fruits. Purple fruit varieties have purplish red skin and green branches, which are suitable for planting in cool places with an altitude of 300 to 500 meters in summer, but not in the Pearl River Delta or southern areas with high summer temperatures. Passionflower with yellow fruit has strong adaptability, large fruit, high yield, excellent quality and high juice yield, but poor cold tolerance. Some varieties still fail to achieve self-pollination and need artificial pollination. At present, it is advocated to plant passion fruit with yellow fruit, and the main varieties are selected by South China Agricultural University after being introduced from various places. Passion fruit diseases are few, and the main diseases in production are root rot, epidemic disease and anthracnose. The main measures to prevent diseases are to do a good job of drainage to prevent water accumulation in orchards, especially in paddy fields and orchards in some low-lying areas, and to prevent local water accumulation from causing root rot and inducing diseases. Secondly, after the fruits are harvested in early spring, the diseased branches, leaves and fruits are removed from the garden and burned to reduce the source of the disease. Third, treat the disease in time after it is found, control root rot and anthracnose with 800 times of dixone and 1000 times of thiophanate or methyl thiophanate, and control epidemic disease with 1000 times of Du Rui manganese and zinc. Passion flower has no pests.