The growth habit of Pinus armandii is more tolerant to shade, likes cool and humid climate, is not resistant to high temperature and drought, and has strong cold resistance. It is suitable for growing in moist and slightly acidic soil with good drainage, afraid of waterlogging, not tolerant of saline and alkali, and its growth speed is faster than that of ordinary pine trees. __
Distribution Pinus armandii is produced in mountainous or hilly areas in North China, Northwest China, Southwest China and Taiwan Province Province with an altitude of1200-2000m. __
The main pine species in Taiwan Province Province, evergreen trees, have grayish brown bark when they are young, and grayish black bark when they are old, and they often peel off in irregular scales. Cones are reddish brown with small seeds, which are produced in Yushan and Alishan in Taiwan Province Province.
Fixing Huashan pine stake with wire
Selection and cultivation
Artificial propagation at present, artificial propagation mainly adopts sowing propagation to obtain seedlings. After the cones are ripe, they should be harvested in time, dried and threshed, put in a bag in the shade for the winter, and sown from late March to early April of the following spring. Because the seed skin of Pinus armandii is thick, soak it in warm water of 40-50℃ for about 6 hours before sowing, then take out the seed and mix it with 3 times of sand, put it in a warm place indoors, spray water 1 time every day, and keep the humidity of the sand to a certain extent, and sow it when the seed skin cracks by about 40%. After sowing, seedlings began to emerge in about 15 days. After the seedlings were unearthed, they were placed in the shade. The seedlings can grow to more than 10 cm in that year, and can be planted separately in the next spring.
In some areas of the field excavation, there are Pinus armandii in mountainous hills. Choose Huashan pine with short plants, thick trunk and certain aesthetic feeling. Protect the lateral roots and fibrous roots during excavation to improve the survival rate. Pinus armandii excavated from other places should be planted or potted as soon as possible. Before planting, dead roots and injured roots should be cut off, the erect and stout main roots should be shortened, and branches should be trimmed once according to the intended composition.
There are many twigs in seedling stage of Pinus armandii. According to the needs of modeling in the future, redundant branches and buds are removed to ensure the growth of main buds. The trunk and branches of 2-3-year-old Pinus armandii are soft. According to the basic morphology of seedlings, the plants were treated mainly by rolling and pruning, which laid a good foundation for the modeling of ornamental pots in the future. After 1-2 years of "prosperity", the stump of Pinus armandii dug out of the ground can be shaped in the pot.
Upper basin and modeling
The size and style of the potted landscape of Pinus armandii should be selected according to the plant size and modeling style. Straight-stem and inclined thousand-type pots are often used in round or oval pots with medium depth, curved-stem, double-stem and jungle pots are often used in rectangular or oval pots, and cliff pots are often used in square or round pots. The texture of the basin is purple sand basin, and glazed pottery basin can also be used.
Loose, humus-rich, moist, well-drained, slightly acidic sandy soil should be selected for the bonsai of Pinus armandii, which is intolerant of saline-alkali soil. High-quality humus soil is the main material, mixed with sand.
When planting, whether you dig from the ground or buckle from the cultivation pot, you should bring more lodging soil to help you survive and rejuvenate as soon as possible. Before planting, cut off dead roots, long roots and thick straight roots so as to plant Pinus armandii stumps in shallow pots. Because the flowerpot is shallow, the strong wind blows or shakes when moving, and the roots often move, which affects the growth of Pinus armandii. The residual limb can be fixed with iron wire, and the operation process is as shown in the above figure. First, spread a layer of culture soil on the bottom of the basin, put the stump of Pinus armandii on the right side of the basin, tie it to the lower part of the stump with metal wires and fix it, then put the culture soil into the basin and bury the metal wires in the soil.
3-year-old Pinus armandii has soft branches and flexible trees. After being put into an ornamental pot, the tree shape preliminarily processed during cultivation can be adjusted and bent. The common styles of Huashan pine bonsai are straight dry type, inclined dry type, double dry type, curved dry type and cliff type. Each style has its own flavor. What kind of style a Huashan pine is made of is based on the characteristics of the natural form of the tree and the personal preferences of the creator. For example, the wood of a 3-year-old Pinus armandii with a straight trunk can be made into three different types of bonsai on the basis of the inclination of the tree thousand: first, it can be dried by bending the tree thousand to the left about half the length of the tree thousand; Secondly, if the unearthed height of the trunk is low, bend the tree downward, then look up and extend to a distance parallel to the ground, resulting in a waterfront style; Third, plant trees in flowerpots. The trunk sticks out of the pot not far away. Make a big bend on the trunk, basically extending vertically to the lower right, and make a cliff-like bonsai. Huashan pine ancient pile of thousands of trees. The main branches are thick and hard, and it is difficult to bend flat. Its form should be situation-oriented and given meaning according to the form. Pruning is given priority to, supplemented by Pinza. Only branchlets and new branches can bend in a flat way.
Maintenance and management
Pinus armandii likes sunshine and has certain shade-tolerant tree species: it grows well in a mild, cool and humid environment. Avoid high temperature and dryness, be afraid of strong sunlight, and shade properly in hot summer. In Beijing, Pinus armandii planted on the ground can overwinter in situ, Pinus armandii planted in pots can overwinter in a low temperature room in Beijing, and pots can be buried in the soil in the south in winter.
Watering in the season when Pinus armandii grows vigorously, it is necessary to water less appropriately to make the basin soil slightly dry to control the excessive growth of branches and leaves. You don't need to water the pot soil when it is wet on weekdays: in hot summer, you should often sprinkle water on the leaves and the ground to facilitate good growth. In winter, when the temperature is low and the water evaporation is less, you should water less.
Fertilization is not suitable for raising Huashan pine pots, nor for applying more chemical fertilizers. The decomposed rare organic liquid fertilizer is applied twice a year, in spring and autumn, which is hot in summer and low in winter, so it is not suitable for fertilization.
Plastic surgery Every spring, after the new buds germinate and before the leaves are exposed: according to the modeling needs, press 1/3 or 1/2 to remove the new buds, or remove all the new buds. The principle of picking buds is to pick more strong branches and less weak branches or not. When dormant in winter, the sap flows slowly. At this time, the Pinus armandii was completely remolded, which prevented the beautiful branches from being cut short or cut off.
The pots of Pinus armandii bonsai are different according to the age of the tree and the size of the pots. In the vigorous growth period, the bonsai of Pinus armandii turns 1 times in 2-3 years, and the growth rate of the old pile of Pinus armandii bonsai slows down, turning 1 times in 3-4 years or 5 years. If it is a small shallow pot, turn it 1 time every 2 years.
Pests and Diseases Control The common diseases of Pinus armandii include pine rot and leaf blight. In addition to cutting off branches with serious diseases in time, 65% wettable thiram 300 times solution should also be sprayed. The common pests of Pinus armandii are Pinus armandii and Dendrolimus punctatus, which can be sprayed with 50% emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times. Spraying trichlorfon 1000 times solution can control pine sawfly.