Japanese cypress, especially its horticultural varieties, is one of the excellent tree species for urban greening and beautification.
[Morphological characteristics]
An evergreen tree with reddish-brown bark and a flaky crown. Branches are slightly pendulous, scaly branchlets are usually flat, and there is obvious white powder below the branchlets. The top of scale leaves is sharp, and the lateral leaves are slightly longer than the middle leaves. Monoecious, the male cone is oval, the female cone has a single branch top, the cone is mature in that year, spherical, the seed scale is woody, shield-shaped, the seed is oval, slightly flat and angular. Flowering in March, 1 1 mature. There are more than 60 cultivated varieties of Japanese cypress, and the common cultivated varieties in China are:
Cedar cv Squarrosa's crown is tower-shaped, with large branches spreading near, irregular branchlets, thorns and soft cashmere, which has high observation value, especially for young trees. With the increase of tree age, the ornamental value decreases. Fear of smoke and dust
Cypress cv Filifera is also called cypress, evergreen shrub or small tree, with slender and drooping branchlets and compact scales. North China is used for potted viewing. Jiangnan is cultivated in the open field. Grafting propagation, Platycladus orientalis as rootstock.
Small tree cv. Pteris pinnatifida has slender leaves, soft scales, dense branches and leaves, beautiful tree shape, high ornamental value and easy survival in cutting.
The leaves at the end of the branches of Pteris argentea. The pinnate leaves are snow-white, and other characteristics are similar to those of Pteris argentea.
New branches and leaves of cv. The yellow feather of Sabina vulgaris is golden yellow, and other characteristics are the same as Sabina vulgaris.
Short golden cypress cv. Nana Aureovariegata is extremely short, with full crown and dense shrubs, only 50 cm high, making it one of the shortest cypresses. Branchlets are fan-shaped, with the top bent downwards, leaves with golden stripes, and the whole leaves are golden yellow.
The crown of cypress. Golden sequins are pointed, compact in structure, with short and curved branchlets and slightly linear and golden leaves.
The cv.f ilifera aruea of Kimberly is similar to Kimberly, but it has golden leaves and grows slowly (see color map 17).
[Distribution] Native to Japan. It is cultivated in Qingdao, Lushan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Beijing.
[habit]
Temperate and subtropical tree species are more shade-tolerant, like warm and humid climate and deep sandy loam, and can adapt to plain environment. It grows slowly at seedling stage, flourishes gradually after canopy closure, and has strong cold resistance and pruning resistance.
[Propagation, Cultivation and Maintenance]
Sowing and cutting propagation. Harvest cones in June,165438+1October, thresh in the sun, clean and dry. Sowing site should be loose loam rich in humus, with fine soil preparation. Sow in March, uncover the grass several times after unearthed, and then set up a shed to shade. The seedling stage should be carefully managed, and the seedbed should be kept moist by spraying water frequently during the high temperature and drought period. The seedling height in that year was about 15 cm. Dormancy cuttings are usually carried out in March. Cuttings are taken from 1 year-old stout branches and are 10 ~ 15 cm long. Cut off the lower branches and leaves, insert the heel into the soil for 5 ~ 6 cm, compact it after insertion, fully water it, build a shade shed and keep the soil moist. Rooting takes place about 10 day after transplanting, and the survival rate can reach 90%. Transplanted seedlings in March of the following year can be planted and cultivated several times according to the specifications of green seedlings. Transplanting large seedlings should be carried out in late autumn and early winter or the following spring, with mud balls.
The main pests and diseases are charcoal rot of moths, leaves and seedlings caused by Cerambycidae, Cryptomeria fortunei and bark beetles. Control methods: ① Strengthen nursery management, promote seedling growth, spray Bordeaux solution or degerming agent several times in the early stage of the disease to control stem-based carbon rot. (2) Insecticides such as omethoate or dichlorvos are sprayed in the nymph or larval stage of pests. (3) spraying dicofol and other chemicals in the nymph stage.
[Appreciation and Application]
Japanese cypress leaves are delicate and swaying, which is suitable for single planting, cluster planting and group planting in gardens. On the lawn and slope, plants are arranged in staggered clusters, and several foliage shrubs are dotted outside the clusters, which set each other off. Planting around tunnels and memorial buildings is also quite magnificent. Its horticultural varieties can be planted in yards, doorways and corners. It is very unique to plant fences in formal gardens, or to make patterns of green walls, green doors and flower beds.