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Taro is a perennial evergreen herb of Araceae, which is native to tropical America and is now widely cultivated as a foliage plant all over the world.
gingkgo
Fruit taro
Latin scientific name
Guijiu heshen
Another name
Taro with long stalk, taro with purple stalk, taro with cut leaves, silk fibroin rattan, white butterfly, arrow leaf.
boundary
plant kingdom
door
Vascular endothelial cell
summary
Monocotyledon class
subclass
Alisma
eye
Alisma
The branch of academic or vocational research.
araceae
belong to
Fruit taro
grow
Fruit taro
Distribution area
In the rainforests of Central and South America, there are artificial plants all over the world.
country of origin
American tropical rain forest
catalogue
Morphological characteristics of 1
2 Distribution of origin
3 living environment
Four kinds of plants
5 Propagation and cultivation
breeding method
Tissue culture and propagation
fissiparity
control of insect
6 main value
1 morphological feature editing
Fruit taro
It is a perennial evergreen herb. Stem nodes have air roots and grow on other things. There are two kinds of leaves, the young leaves are simple, arrow-shaped or halberd-shaped; The old leaves are palmately 5-9-lobed, with a large leaf in the middle, and auricular leaflets are often inserted on both sides of the basal lobes. The primary leaves are pale, the old leaves are dark green and the leaves are thickened. The spathe is light green or yellow.
Lotus root (Cv.albolineatum): The leaves are clustered, shield-shaped, butterfly-winged, mostly yellow and white, with green patches and stripes on the edge and long petioles. Stem nodes are short.
Green and golden taro: the leaves are tender and green, with yellow and white markings in the center, long internodes and aerial roots in the stem.
plant morphology
China Plant Image Library (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) provides and participates in editing.
Fruit taro branches and leaves (3 pieces)
Fruit taro (1)
2 origin distribution editing
A tropical rain forest native to Central and South America.
3 living environment editor
I like high temperature and humidity. Strong adaptability, healthy growth, can adapt to different lighting environments. I like high temperature, humidity and semi-cloudy environment. Not cold-tolerant, afraid of drought and strong light.
I like the slightly acidic soil with high temperature and humidity, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Strong adaptability, healthy growth, can adapt to different lighting environments. Under strong light, the stems and leaves are slightly lavender, with large leaves and light color; In low light, the leaves are narrower and darker. It grows well in bright scattered light. 50% shading is appropriate. Spots?
Fruit taro (3 pieces)
When the light is insufficient, the color spots of leaf varieties are not obvious. There is a short dormant period in winter. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn.
Not cold-tolerant, afraid of drought and strong light. The optimum temperature for the growth of taro is 22 ~ 30℃, the growth is slow at 65438 05℃, and the stem and leaf stop growing below 65438 05℃. In winter, when the temperature is below 5℃, the leaves will freeze.
When the temperature exceeds 10℃ in spring, taro begins to sprout new buds, and with the increase of temperature, the growth rate of stems and leaves gradually accelerates. Fruit taro prefers wet to dry. During the vigorous growth period in summer, it is necessary to fully water and keep the basin soil moist, so as to facilitate the rapid growth of stems and leaves. Increase the amount of water sprayed on the leaves every day,
Fruit taro
Maintain a high air humidity, the leaves grow strong and full, and the ornamental effect is good. Insufficient water or suffering from drought, the leaves are rough and smaller. Fruit taro has a strong adaptability to light. In bright light, the leaves are bigger and lighter. Under the condition of semi-shading, the leaves become smaller and darker. However, under the condition of long-term weak light, the stems and petioles are elongated, the plant shape is loose and the leaves become smaller. The suitable light for the growth of taro is 15000 ~ 30000 lux, that is, 70% ~ 80% shading is needed in summer and 40% ~ 50% shading is needed in winter. Rich, loose and well-drained sandy loam is suitable for this kind of soil. Potted soil is a mixture of humus soil, peat soil and coarse sand. At the same time, fruit taro is also very suitable for soilless culture.
Fruit taro has a strong adaptability to light. Under strong light, apply thin fat water every two weeks and spray 0.2% solution once a month. Try to improve the air humidity in summer. Shade properly in summer and autumn to avoid direct glare. Stop watering in winter and keep it above 12℃. Fruit taro grows fast and needs to be changed once a year. In the process of growth, old branches and disorderly branches should be trimmed properly. Can be used as fence frame, corner, background, climbing wall and floor material.
4 plant species editing
1. Long-eared taro is also known as five-fingered taro. It belongs to the same common species. Stems are branched and vines are abundant. When the leaf blade is mature, it is palmately 3-5-lobed, 25 cm long and thick, with 2 auricular lobes at the base, dark green and shiny. Native to Jamaica.
2. Long-leaf taro is also called big-leaf taro and heart-leaf Taiwan Province taro. It belongs to the same common species. The leaves of climbing vines are heart-shaped, larger, 22-30 cm long, 15-20 cm wide and indehiscent. Strong climbing ability, suitable for vertical greening and column cultivation.
3. Red taro is a common variety in the same session. Euphorbia leaf, length10-15cm, width 6-8cm. Leaves are red, copper and green, climbing vines. From Panama.
4. White Butterfly Taro is also known as White Butterfly Taro. It is a cultivated variety of Taiguo taro. Native to Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica. Horticultural varieties cultivated in America. The leaves are light green or light white. Cultivate leaves in bright places and keep their original colors. If the light is too dim, they will turn green. The leaves are shield-shaped, with a length of12-15cm and a width of 7-8 boxes of rice. Most of them are yellow-white, with green stripes or patches on the leaf margin. Petiole is about 20 cm long, green and purplish red. Beautiful and moving, it is one of the most popular foliage flowers and has certain development potential.
5. Silver leaf taro is also known as white jade taro. It is a cultivated variety of fruit taro. The leaves are heart-shaped, silvery white, and the edges are green.
6. Emerald taro is also known as variegated taro. It is a cultivated variety of fruit taro. The leaves are halberd-shaped and green, with irregular milky white spots on them. Strong cold tolerance, easy to produce adventitious roots between nodes. Overwintering temperature is not lower than 7℃.
7. Butterflies taro is a cultivated variety of taro. The leaves are light green and the middle part of the leaves is light pink.
8. arrowhead taro is a cultivated variety of taro. Young leaves are arrow-shaped, palmately 3-lobed or heart-shaped, with green leaves and ivory veins. The old leaves have turned green.
9. Ho's taro is a common variety in the same genus. The leaves are grayish green with silver veins. ? [ 1]?
5 breeding and cultivation editor
breeding method
Cutting is the main method. The rooting temperature is 20 ~ 25℃. Potted soil is a mixture of peat soil 2 parts, garden soil 1 part and sand 1 part. During the growing season from May to 65438+10, the basin soil should be kept moist, and thin fertilizer water should be poured every two weeks, and 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution should be sprayed once a month. Try to improve the air humidity in summer. Shade properly in summer and autumn to avoid direct glare. Stop fertilization and reduce watering in winter, and keep the room temperature above 12℃. Fruit taro grows faster and needs to be changed once a year. Proper pruning should be carried out during the growth process, and old branches and disorderly branches should be cut off.
Fruit taro (3 pieces)
Common cutting propagation. Plants that grow vigorously often grow many lateral branches at the base. When the lateral branches grow 3-5 leaves, the branches above the second section can be cut off, and the cuttings about 10 cm long can be cut off. If the branches have taken root, you can cut the potted plants directly. Fine sand should be selected for bed insertion, and the bed insertion temperature should be kept above 25℃ to promote rooting. After the new buds grow, they can be planted in flowerpots. [2]?
Tissue culture and propagation
Taro usually uses explants from stem tips and lateral buds. After routine disinfection, the shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium containing 5 mg/L 6- benzylamino adenine and 2 mg/L indoleacetic acid. After 45 days, the adventitious buds were transferred to 1/2MS medium containing 2 mg/L indoleacetic acid to induce different roots, and complete plantlets were formed after about 20 ~ 25 days.
fissiparity
This kind of plant grows fast, and it will be divided into plants in 2 ~ 3 years, and the pots will be changed in April. Pot soil of potted taro can be mixed with 3 parts of pond mud, 1 part of compost and sand respectively.
maintenance management
Pots of 10 ~ 15 cm and18 cm can be used for hanging cultivation. Fertilize 1 time every half month during the growth period or use high nitrate and potassium fertilizer in the "Huiyou" four seasons to promote the plants to flourish and have many branches. When cultivated outdoors, stems and vines should not be left too long to avoid strong winds. In summer, stems and leaves grow rapidly, and potted plants need pruning and shaping. In hanging pot cultivation, stems and vines are drooping, too long or too dense, which need pruning and shaping to maintain a beautiful plant state. Adult plants can be regenerated by cutting again when changing pots in spring. Indoor maintenance in winter, don't let the pot soil get too wet, otherwise it will cause root rot death or yellow leaves falling off, which will affect the ornamental value.
control of insect
Picture (3)
Common leaf spot and gray mold can be sprayed with 700 times of 70% zineb wettable powder. It can usually be prevented by spraying the same amount of Bordeaux mixture. Pests such as whitefly and thrips harm stems and leaves, and 40% omethoate EC 1500 times is sprayed.
Case: Yellow leaves appear. According to their occurrence characteristics, there are the following situations:
One is water yellow. Caused by excessive watering, the old leaves have no obvious change and the young leaves are yellow; This should immediately control the water;
The second is drought and yellow. Due to lack of water and drought, the old leaves turn yellow from bottom to top. If the water shortage lasts a little longer, the whole plant will turn yellow or even die, so water it in time.
The third one is fat yellow. Excessive fertilization or caused by high concentration; It is characterized by thick, shiny and uneven young leaves; Fertilization, intertillage and watering should be controlled;
The fourth is hungry yellow. It is caused by insufficient fertilizer, low fertilization concentration and long fertilization interval; Its characteristic is that young leaves and tender stems turn yellow first. If fertilization is not timely after seeing this phenomenon, the whole plant will wither and even die. For flowers lacking fertilizer, it is forbidden to apply a large amount of concentrated fertilizer at one time to avoid burning roots;
6 main value editor
Fruit taro is widely used all over the world because of its easy propagation, simple cultivation, especially shade tolerance and excellent decorative effect. So far, fruit taro has become one of the most popular indoor potted foliage plants in the international market. The fruit taro cultivated in China is very common in southern provinces. It is not only used for indoor foliage potted plants, but also for hanging pots for viewing or column modeling. Mostly used for outdoor semi-shade ground cover plants. It is an evergreen liana herb with great development prospect. Large basin column planting
Fruit taro
Pei can be used for hall decoration, and can be used as fence frame, corner, background, climbing wall and floor material in outdoor semi-shade in warm areas. Fruit taro has beautiful and diverse shapes, which is not only suitable for potted plants, but also suitable for bonsai production. It is a representative of indoor foliage plants.
Absorb formaldehyde and benzene: chlorophytum, aloe, green radish, Eupatorium odoratum, Chrysanthemum notoginseng, taro, Spatholobus suberectus and Eupatorium odoratum can absorb formaldehyde. Under the illumination condition, a pot of aloe can eliminate 90% formaldehyde in 1 m3 air for 4 hours. [3]?
Fruit taro likes the temperature of 22 degrees and 30 degrees, so it should be watered in time from spring to autumn, and it can also be sprayed frequently. The more leaves there are, the stronger its ability to humidify and purify the air. In bright environment, its leaves will be brighter and bigger, while in dark environment, its leaves will be smaller and darker.
Potted arrowhead taro can be hung in a hanging pot of about 10 cm. It has a strong ability to divide vines and will soon be decorated on windows and cabinets in various ways. [4]?