Current location - Plastic Surgery and Aesthetics Network - Plastic surgery and beauty - What are the characteristics of shaping and pruning of New Red Star (Marshal Short Branch) apples?
What are the characteristics of shaping and pruning of New Red Star (Marshal Short Branch) apples?
(1) tree selection

The tree body of Starkrimson is semi-dwarf, which is suitable for small and medium-sized crown trees. If the plant spacing is more than 3 meters, it is appropriate to use small crown and sparse layer; If the plant spacing is 2 ~ 3 meters, the free spindle shape should be adopted; If the plant spacing is less than 2 meters, it can be a slender spindle shape; If the plant spacing is 1.5 ~ 2 meters, it can also be folded into a fan shape or a fence wall shape.

(2) The opening angles of the main branches and the lateral branches

In the young tree stage, the angle of the backbone branches should be opened according to the requirements of plastic surgery. For example, the base angle of the main branch at the sparse base of the small crown should reach 50 ~ 60, and the waist angle should be 60 ~ 70; The angle of free spindle-shaped small main branches should be kept at 70 ~ 80; The slender spindle-shaped lateral branches should be kept at 80 ~ 90, or even droop after fruiting, exceeding 90. However, there are certain requirements on the length and time of branch pulling.

(3) pruning young trees from the initial fruit stage.

Every winter, the extension branches of the main branches are cut off by 40 ~ 60 cm, and the extension branches of the central leading trunk > the extension branches of the main branches > the extension branches of the lateral branches are mastered, so as to facilitate the rapid expansion of the crown and form a spindle shape with sparse and free small crowns. Lateral branches (slender spindle shape), auxiliary branches and branch groups should be placed as long as possible and kept horizontal. Dense, overlapping and erect branches should be thinned out, and competitive branches with useful value should be transformed and utilized, and the fruiting parts should be increased by twisting, flattening and coring. The general principle is: "those who are prosperous pull, those who are weak shrink, those who are secret are sparse and rarely intercept." In addition to the backbone branches, cut less and put more, and slowly increase the branches. At the same time, combined with measures to promote flowers, such as cutting branches and stripping branches, the flourishing trees and branches are controlled, and useless branches are transformed into branches or fruit branches on the premise of maintaining the advantages of each backbone branch, so as to improve the early yield. In this period, attention should be paid to the cultivation of branches. Generally, strong branches are continuously pruned to cultivate medium and large short and strong branches, which are slowly released in the middle of the year to form flat and oblique uniaxial extension branches. The combination of winter and summer pruning accelerates the cultivation of branches. In the late stage of the first fruit, the long and weak branches that have been released for many years should be transformed.

(4) Pruning trees in full fruit period

Starkrimson trees tend to form an unbalanced situation in which the upper branches are strong and the lower branches are weak. The distribution direction of branches is uncertain (first forward, then upward), and the number of branches increases slowly, mainly middle branches, resulting in short branches. Therefore, pruning is adopted:

(1) Strong control: firstly, the strong branches (small and strong in angle) on the upper central leadership trunk of the crown are drained and shrunk, and when necessary, the head is closed to about 3 meters.

(2) Adjust the number of flower buds, flowers and fruits on trees with many flower buds, adopt annual tree pruning method to make the ratio of flowers and leaf buds on trees reach 1: 4 ~ 5, carefully shrink branches and cut short and thin fruit branches. Flowers can be thinned and fruits can be kept according to the formula of dry week method or dry slice method. When keeping the fruit, choose the fruit with straight piles, drooping single fruit, no pests and diseases, strong branches and large fruits and even distribution.

(3) Fine pruning method is adopted to cultivate and update branches, weak branches or fruit branches are updated in turn, the excessively long auxiliary branches and backbone branches at all levels are shrunk year by year, and the big branches are strictly controlled to form a medium branch group system.