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Hedge pruning
Hedgehogs, like other ornamental plants, have the function of greening and beautifying the living environment. In addition, they also have the functions of guiding traffic, creating pleasant scenery and delimiting space. How can we give full play to the above functions and functions of hedges? In our opinion, in addition to reasonable selection of planting varieties according to local conditions, hedgerows should also be trimmed in time and reasonably. Practice has proved that hedge pruning can generally be divided into the following steps.
First year pruning
Newcomers to the garden often expect to get high hedges in the shortest time, but the result is just the opposite. They can only get inferior hedges with slender plants, sparse branches and leaves and serious "barefoot" at the base.
In the first 3-4 years, it is important to spend enough time carefully and properly pruning plants so as to form a considerable appearance and have the function of a hedge.
The purpose of initial hedge pruning is to limit the top growth of plants and stimulate the development of lateral branches at the base. Leaves need enough light to develop healthily. If not trimmed properly or not, the upper branches will block the light of the lower branches, and the phenomenon of "top-heavy" will appear. In order to avoid this situation, the lower part should be wider than the upper part when pruning, so that the light can fully irradiate all branches and leaves, which is conducive to the development of all branches and leaves, so that the leaves can be seen on the ground.
After planting the hedge, pull a rope directly, parallel to the ground along the hedge, and the height is between the tallest and shortest plants. Cut the upright branches on higher plants to the lower end near the rope surface, and the incision should be clean and tidy, just above the joint of the side branches or above the obviously dormant buds. The section is slightly inclined, about half a centimeter away from the remaining branches or buds. For plants below the rope surface, let them grow upright first. Like other plants, don't trim the top until you reach the height of the rope. Trim the upper branches of taller plants, and then trim the side branches of all plants. The length of the cut branches is not more than half of the original length, initially forming a tower shape.
Pruning in the second year
For conventional hedges, whether evergreen or deciduous, pruning in the second year and beyond should be based on maintaining the basic height, and pruning should be regular and gradual. The branches cut in each plastic surgery shall not exceed half of the new growth. Most evergreen hedgerows with needles or broad leaves can be pruned once a year in summer. Deciduous hedges, especially fast-growing Ligustrum lucidum, can be pruned once a month to maintain vigorous germination density. In cold areas, do not prune after mid-August. Pruning too late will make the sprouted new branches too soft to resist the cold in winter.
For irregular hedges, generally speaking, there is no need for much intervention in the second year, as long as a small number of branches that occasionally wriggle around are cut off. There is one exception: when the growth of the lower branches is not satisfactory, the upper part is cut off to stimulate the germination of the base branches. When the base branches are well developed, the irregular hedges should be lightly cut and cultivated as ornamental plants full of natural beauty only when necessary.
Hedge pruning during maintenance
Once the hedge has reached the ideal shape and size, the pruning during maintenance depends on the characteristics of plant species and the preferences of growers. Generally speaking, once a year is enough.
It is worth noting that some species of planning hedges can't bear to cut off the leaves outside, and the branches inside the hedges are exposed, which may never grow leaves again, while others, such as evergreen yew and most deciduous plants, will soon sprout from the old branches.
When to trim irregular hedges is an important decision. Such as spring flowers, hedges, lilacs, mountain plum blossoms, etc. If pruned in the dormant period before flowering, it will cause rare flowering. This ornamental hedge should be trimmed after flowering.
Summer flower hedges, such as Liudaomu, are best pruned before the new growth period in winter or early spring.
The height of hedges depends on the objects to be guarded, including hedges (above 160cm), high hedges (120- 160cm), middle hedges (50- 120 cm) and short hedges (below 50cm). Pruning hedges is not only for neatness and beauty, but also to make hedges grow luxuriantly and for a long time. Hedges with different heights adopt different modeling methods, and there are generally the following two kinds.
1, green wall, high fence and flower fence are widely used. Properly control the height, prune the branches of diseases and insect pests, dead branches and dead branches, let the branches grow, make the branches closely connected, and improve the blocking effect. Hedges used for prevention and flower hedges such as roses, roses and woody plants are also mainly pruned naturally. Prune slightly after flowering to keep flowering, and prune dead branches and pests in winter. Trees with strong germination, such as roses, are pruned again after flowering, with thick new branches and tall and beautiful hedges.
2. Middle hedges and short hedges are often used to edge lawns and flower beds, or to organize people flow. This kind of hedge is low. In order to be beautiful and enrich the landscape, geometric patterns are often used for trimming and shaping, such as rectangle, trapezoid, inverted trapezoid and wavy hedge surface. After the hedge is planted, the height of1/3-1/2 is cut off, and the flat lateral branches are pruned, so that the height and lateral branches sprout out, forming a low wall with tight branches and dense leaves, showing three-dimensional beauty. Hedges should be trimmed 2-4 times a year, so that new branches appear constantly and old branches are updated and replaced. When pruning plastic hedgerows, we should give consideration to both the top and the side. If we don't trim the top and the side, the top branches will grow vigorously and the side branches will grow obliquely. From the cross section of the fence, it is better to use rectangle and trapezoid with big bottom and small top. The branches and leaves at the bottom and sides should have sufficient light and realistic ventilation, and the branches should not be allowed to grow at will and destroy the shape. They should be trimmed several times a year.
Seven, forest pruning and shaping
1, tree species with trunk axis (such as poplar, etc. ) form a forest, pay attention to keep the top when pruning. When there are competing branches (double-headed phenomenon), only one branch is selected; If the leading branch dies and breaks. A lateral branch should be established instead of a trunk to extend and grow, and a new central main branch should be cultivated.
2. Trim the side branches at the lower part of the trunk in time, and gradually improve the branch points. The height of the branching point should be determined according to different tree species and ages.
3. For some trees whose trunks are very short, but the trees have grown up and can no longer be cultivated as solitary trees, you can also cultivate the meristematic main branches as trunks and increase the branches year by year, which is called multi-stem.
4. Trees, ground cover and wild flowers and plants under the forest should be preserved to increase the wildness and intimacy.
Eight, rattan pruning and shaping.
In the natural landscape, vines are rarely pruned and managed, but in the general garden green space, there are the following treatment methods;
1, scaffolding: For tendrils and winding vines, this method is often used for pruning and shaping. When pruning, it should be pruned again near the ground to make a few thick main vines, and then lead the main vines vertically to the top of the trellis, and make the side vines evenly distributed on the trellis, so that it can quickly become a shade shed. Except for thinning diseased branches, old branches or over-dense branches every few years, it is generally not necessary to prune them every year.
2. Gallery: It is often used for tendrils and winding plants, and occasionally used for high-precision and high-precision adsorption plants. Because the veranda has a side lattice, it is not advisable for the main vine to be induced to the veranda too early, otherwise it is easy to form a side space.
3. Hedge type: it is mostly used for tendrils and winding plants. After the lateral vines are induced horizontally, the lateral branches are cut short every year to form a neat hedge. In order to form a long and low fence, it is usually called "horizontal fence type", which can be divided into two sections and three sections according to the number of horizontal sections. It is called "vertical fence type" and is suitable for forming fences with short distance and high distance.
4. Wall-attached type: this kind is made of adsorbed plants. The method is very simple, just introduce vines into the wall and gradually cover the wall with suction cups or roots. For example, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Lingxiao, Euonymus fortunei and Ivy all use this method. In addition, in some gardens, scaffolding is set up 20-50 cm in front of the wall, and plants such as vine roses are planted in front of the wall of the building. When pruning, attention should be paid to completely cover the wall foundation, and the branches should be evenly distributed on the wall, so as not to overlap and stagger each other. In this type of pruning and shaping, the most common problem is that the base is empty and it is impossible to maintain the long-term dense branches at the base. To this. Comprehensive measures such as light and heavy pruning and bending branch induction can be combined to strengthen cultivation management.
5. Erect: For some species with thick stems and vines, such as wisteria, it can be pruned to form an erect shrub type. If this formula is used on the roadside or park lawn, it can get good results.