In terms of length, the Romanesque pedestrian street is connected to East Street in the north and Dongmucheng in the south, with a total length of 6 12m, and the distance is suitable. As a pedestrian street, it basically conforms to people's habits and tolerance for parades and shopping. In terms of width, the mule market is not horizontally spread, and its scope is limited, so the shape of the mule market is a long and narrow rectangle, while the business of the mule market is vertically distributed in this narrow strip, which makes up for the space of horizontal layout with three-dimensional layout. Therefore, the size of the mule market should consider the underground and multi-storey building area in addition to the building area, so the mule market is even larger.
The layout of Roman city pedestrian street is centered on Xingzhengyuan Square and distributed along the north-south pedestrian street.
The business part is divided into three categories.
One is the storefront arranged along the street, which is distributed in turn along the street.
One is the shop in the building of Xingzhengyuan Square.
One is the dense distribution of mobile merchants in the central square and the dense distribution of merchants in the underground commercial street.
There are two banks in the pedestrian street, which are located in the north of the pedestrian street and on the branch of the pedestrian street.
There are also several hotels or guesthouses on the pedestrian street, all of which are distributed along the street.
There are several educational facilities in the pedestrian street, some left over from the past and some newly introduced.
There is beilin district People's Court in the pedestrian street, which is a government agency and has an important influence on the layout of the pedestrian street. 1. The Mule and Horse Market originated in the Tang Dynasty and was named after the Ming Dynasty.
This street used to be the seat of Chang 'an Shaofu Prison in Tang Dynasty, and gradually became a residential lane after the end of Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, this area was called "Erwofang".
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were 1 10 folk squares in Chang 'an City, in which the government specially set up two squares, East Market and West Market, for commercial transactions. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the national fortune declined and the capital moved to Luoyang. The imperial city in Chang 'an was built into a new city, and Shaofu prison in the imperial city gradually became a residential lane, which was called Taiping Square in the Yuan Dynasty. [Note 4] In the Ming Dynasty, due to the thoroughfare of Dongmen Street and the eastward movement of the bell tower, the commercial center originally gathered in West Street gradually moved eastward to the commercial circle centered on the bell tower. Therefore, the Roman market near the bell tower and connecting Dongmen Street gradually formed.
1369, Xu Da, a general of Ming Dynasty, conquered Yuanfeng Yuancheng, and then renamed it "Xi Anfu". This is also the first time that the name "Xi 'an" appeared in the development history of the ancient capital Xi 'an. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen border defense, Xi 'an Anfu was regarded as the largest military town in northwest China. So the city was expanded, and the east wall and the north wall each extended by one third, forming the scale of Xi 'an city wall today. The original Tangjingfengmen Street in the city, inherited from the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, extended eastward to the new East Gate-Changle Gate with the outward movement of the East City Wall, and was renamed Dongmen Street. In the tenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1582), the bell tower moved eastward from Guangji Street in the west street to this site, forming an urban pattern with the bell tower as the center and radiating from four streets in the east, west, north and south. The formation of the Roman market should be in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. According to the Map of Anfu City in Xi 'an in Ming Dynasty, in the 21st year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1542), there were livestock trading markets all over the country, which is the earliest document found at present. Based on this, the name of this ancient street in Rome is calculated.
Zhang Han, an Amin, once described vividly in The Story of a Merchant, Volume IV of Song Chuang Yu Meng: "Hexi is an ancient land, which now belongs to Shaanxi, with four mountains and four waters, and was once called Tianfu. Xi 'an is a city with many donkeys, horses, cows, sheep and bones. In the past, it has surpassed Jia, entered Gansu and Sichuan in the west and Qilu in the east. It is impossible to do what it wants to do ... there are still many Qin people in the northwest. "In the Ming Dynasty, due to the policy of exchanging tea for horses, Shaanxi border areas enjoyed some special preferential policies, just like the beginning of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in Guangdong today. For example, in the fifth year of Ming Hongwu (1372), Shaanxi tea was changed to Xifanma. " With 3 million Jin of Hanzhong tea, you can get 30 thousand horses. "So, Shaanxi businessmen, centered on Shaanxi, wandered in the northwest and southwest, transporting tea in Qin Long, selling salt in Huaichuan, distributing in Suzhou and Shanghai, and selling cigarettes in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which were called" Shaanxi business gangs ". "[Noe 6] In particular, the trading of mules and horses, according to Volume 10" Ma Bu Sheng: The Governor's Affairs ",during the Ming Hongzhi period, there were merchants from Shaanxi and Henan who sold mules and horses, and there were about tens of thousands of horses every year, all of which passed through Tongguan and then sold in Henan and Shandong.
2. From the Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China.
According to the Records of Xianning County, Xi 'an, in the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1662), "There is a grain market in the city, and now it is in the four-door archway; ..... Mule and horse market, falling into Hedong; [Note 5] Sheep market, county governs east; ..... Mutou City and Fangban City to the east of Kaiyuan Temple; In front of the Drum Tower are Porcelain City, Whip City and Bamboo Basket City; ..... "After that, in the thirty-ninth year of Qing Qianlong (1774), the street name of" Rome City "was marked on the map of Zhidong Road in Xianning County.
By the 19th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1893), in the Map of Anfu in Qing Dynasty drawn by Central Fishery Library, the city had been impressively called "Roman City Street". At that time, Romanesque Street ran north and south, connecting Dongmen Street in the north and Dongshi Street in the south, with a length of more than 360 meters and a width of more than 30 meters. On both sides of the street are wooden stakes for tying animals, and there is a mule shop, which is 13 for businessmen from afar.
Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing in 1900 (that is, the year of Gengzi, that is, the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu), and the bodies crisscrossed the streets of Beijing, and the flames of Yuanmingyuan went straight to the lonely people. At this time, the tyrant Cixi hurriedly took Emperor Guangxu around Shaanxi by Jehol and fled to xi on June 19, 900. He lives in the Governor's Office (now Xi Municipal Government) of the North Campus. It was a time of drought and locust plague, and there were more than 3 million hungry people in Shaanxi. Thousands of miles away, hungry everywhere. The "merciful" Lafayette pretended to love the people as a son and ordered the establishment of a porridge bureau in the "Weichi Palace", with only one spoonful of millet porridge per person every day. There is only one place in Xi 'an, so there is a sea of people, and the narrow alley is crowded with people. Hungry people often spend the whole day in a hurry and make noise. In this way, the "dirty" official in charge, in addition to directly deducting grain, and in order to save fuel, actually mixed lime into the pot. On the surface, the pot was bubbling, but the actual pot was not opened; This has caused many hungry people to vomit and diarrhea after eating porridge, and gastrointestinal ulcers lead to perforation. Many people are in unbearable pain and dehydration, watching them die one by one!
The former Nanliuxiang Primary School (which has been demolished and rebuilt and incorporated into the whole building) on the northeast side of the commercial pedestrian street was named Weichi Palace in the late Qing Dynasty, which was the residence of Wei Chijingde, the founding father of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a great famine in Shaanxi, and Empress Dowager Cixi once let go of food here.
3. Since the founding of New China.
1966 was renamed Gongnong Street, and 1972 was restored to its original name. After 1950s, under the new situation, some shops aimed at the hotel industry in order to survive and develop. Only between 1952 and 1953, 24 hotels have mushroomed, among which, except for four better hotels such as Guangming, Zhonghegong, Huimin and New Age, the others are Yimin, Tongxin and Desheng. However, these poorly equipped inns charge very little. Ordinary shops only charge 20 cents a night for one person and 80 cents a yuan for a room for two people, which is very suitable for working people to stay. Especially around May Day and National Day every year, citizens from all directions gather in Xi 'an to watch the ceremony. So every hotel is full, and the "corridors" and "aisles" are full of people at night. People come and go every day, showing a festive atmosphere, which is extremely lively.
1956 After the public-private partnership, Xi An Welfare Company (today's Service Tourism Co., Ltd.) made overall arrangements for the hotel industry in Rome. First, the East Asia Hotel Building was rebuilt on the basis of New Times Hotel and Renyi Inn, and Jixing and Baodefu Inn were merged into farmers' hotels. (Now Hua 'ao Hotel) "May 1st" and "Yu Jia Inn" were merged into "Labor Hostel". (200 1 Demolition) In the afternoon, the Cultural Bureau also built a small theater (now an Cultural and Art Service Center Building) at the address of Tongxing and Deyidian. Because of its small scale, it is only suitable for some ordinary small troupes to perform here, and all the remaining ten inns are cancelled.
In the 1980s, the clarion call for reform sounded, and self-employed people from all walks of life flocked to Rome for gold. The streets are crowded with orderly mobile business rooms. At the same time, the residents here also rented their street houses to self-employed businesses after renovation. This market deals in high-grade, medium-grade and low-grade clothing, with complete varieties of colors, prosperous business and active market.
In the 1990s, a tall archway of "Clothing Street in Luoma City" was erected at the north gate of Luoma City.
In the summer of 2007, Rome was officially rebuilt and opened, becoming the first commercial pedestrian street in Xi, with a business area of more than 70,000 square meters. There are real skating rinks, five-star cinemas and other entertainment places, and it is one of the important commercial shopping centers in Xi. 1. Trinity Society
Rome livestock market is located in the south of Sanyi Society (now Xi 'an Youth Shaanxi Opera Art Troupe). Founded in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), it has a history of 7 1 year. Covering an area of about 500 square meters, citizens from urban and rural areas trade horses and mules here every day. Later, this trading market kept trading horses and mules, and the venue seemed narrow, so it moved to Xiguan Shaomen in the late 1930s.
2. Maojia Tea House
On the east side of the trading market, there is a well-known "Maojia Teahouse". There are several tea tables at the door for customers to drink tea. Many citizens who come here to buy and sell mules and horses are sitting in this teahouse. While drinking tea, they haggled with their measurements in their cuffs (indicating the price of mules and horses with their fingers) until the business was done. In addition, there is a chess field in front of Maojia Teahouse, and people come to play chess every day. Mr. Liu Daoping (a famous chess player before and after liberation) once said in the anthology "Talking about the Ancient Road Today": Maojia Teahouse was opened by the old shopkeeper Mao Zai 1870 (during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty), and a plate of jujube chess pieces was made in front of the door to attract tea customers, so the city's chess players were famous. Mao Zhenhai, the second-generation shopkeeper, prefers playing chess. Therefore, in 1930s, four famous chess players, donkey kong Zhao Shuanzhu, Mi Dong Monk, Yin Heting,, and Xie Huicheng, often visited Mao Teahouse, where they played chess, learned chess and made friends. The whole street in Rome consists of five lanes, namely "Shuiche Lane, Lizi Lane, Mawangmiao Lane (changed to Liu Xi Lane after liberation), Daijia Lane and Jiahui Lane" from north to south. Except for the traffic in Lizi lane, everything else is a dead lane.
Jiahui lane
Huijiaxiang is only 50 meters long. Only one big family of Wang Xing lives in it, and five brothers live in the front yard and backyard. In the mid-1930s, after the separation of Jiyishe (the predecessor of Shangyou Society) from Sanyishe, the gate of the theater was located in this alley, so that there were two Shaanxi Opera courtyards in Rome, but in less than a year, Jiyishe moved the gate to Dongmucheng. (that is, the door of today's business association)
Daijia lane
Daijiaxiang is about 70 meters long and has ten courtyards. On the 9 th, Lu Xiushan, deputy manager of Fuxing Makasit, lived. This gentleman is approachable. He often drinks tea in Zhao Jia Teahouse across the alley, and can also talk with the lower class. On the third day, Mr. Yu Futian stayed. He set up a cigarette stall at the corner of the lane, and his life was passable. This old gentleman has a unique skill, which can cure many difficult surgical diseases, such as leg ulcer, herpes, breast abscess, nameless swelling and so on. It's really "hands-on". I never care about the price when I see a doctor, and my medical ethics is very good. People in Mule and Horse Market, in particular, take nothing to see a doctor. He is not a specialist, but I don't know how many people have been cured by his hand. Unfortunately, the old man died too early, and the secret recipe has never been handed down.
After liberation, the students' class of the Business Association lived in Hutong No.5, where many actors below the "Shang Zi Dai" were trained. Su Yumin, president of Sanyi Society (1956 First Prize of Shaanxi Performance) also lived in this alley for a period of time. Later, the famous actor Li Aiyun (1956 first prize of Shaanxi performance, national first-class actor) and her husband, Wei Jun, a famous composer of the second group of the orchestra, also lived in this alley.
At the corner of Daijia Lane, there is a Zhao car dealership (there are more than one and Wang car dealership at the north entrance of the street, all of which switched to the hotel industry in the early 1950s). This kind of car looks the same as the car in the TV series Ji Xiaolan, with iron teeth and copper teeth, but the car in Rome is much richer than that in Shenyang. For example, wedding cars are very particular. Be sure to use a set of bright materials (car cover) outside the car, lay the cushion inside the car, and hang the curtain as soon as possible when your wife is in the car. In addition, the wheels should be cleaned. In 1930s and 1940s, besides foreign cars, cars were the only excellent means of transportation in Xi.
In the north of the car shop, there is a "Zhengdeyuan" rickshaw rental company with 89 rickshaws (rickshaws) for the poor who are suffering. They pull the car away from the store every morning (they must find a suitable guarantor before pulling it) and come back to pay the car in the evening, and they must pay the rental fee for the day, and they can't credit it.
On the north side of Zhengdeyuan is Mawangmiao Lane, named after the worship of Mawangshen. The driveway is about 70 meters long, and only one cart can enter and exit. There are less than ten families living in this alley. Mawang Temple is in the middle of the alley. Every year from June 17th to 19th of the lunar calendar, when the West Wutai Bodhisattva Society is held, the Mawang Temple is also open to the public for three days for the worship of good men and women. In addition, there is a "bronze club" organized by the masses in Rome. (A percussion instrument composed of gongs, drums, cymbals and cymbals) During the temple fair, nearly 100 temples in the city will worship, and after entering the temple, they will start to play music (three sections of bronze music * * *), and then each person will write a poem and praise anything (with a certain direct-looking tone). For example, Guan Jun praised the "Han" Guanyin Bodhisattva and praised "Zizhu Putuo Mountain is there, the jade bottle and willow tree save the suffering, the compassion and compassion sit on the lotus platform, and the Buddha's light shines on everyone's peace". The lyrics of the concert include High-profile Buddha, Peach Blossom of Guan Laoye, Chang 'an City, and dozens of lyrics such as The Eight Immortals Rebellion, Mount Zhongnan, Sky Germination, Five Clouds Ascending to Heaven, and Colorful Flower Prodigal Son. So, I went to all the temples in the city.