Rose is native to China and belongs to Rosaceae. It is a semi-evergreen shrub with beautiful flowers and rich colors. At present, there are thousands of varieties of Chinese rose flowers, including red, yellow, blue, purple, orange, white, pink and transitional colors. Chinese rose flowers include spring, thin guest, periwinkle, moon red and so on. The flowering period of Chinese rose lasts for 200 days, starting in mid-May and lasting until mid-October of165438+/kloc-0, hence the name "Moon Red". Flowers have a good smell when they are in bloom. Chinese rose has the medicinal value of promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and ladies can feel happy and comfortable when they smell it.
The cultivation and management of Chinese rose should pay attention to the following problems:
1, soil. Potted rose should be planted on sandy soil rich in humus and slightly acidic and fertile, and alkaline soil should not be used. Every spring, before the new buds germinate, change the pot soil to facilitate their vigorous growth, and changing the soil will help the flowers bloom that year. Chinese rose can be planted in flowerpots of various materials, and so can clay pots.
2. Lighting. Chinese rose flowers like light, and there should be enough sunshine during the growing period, with at least 6 hours of light every day. Otherwise, only long leaves will not bloom, and even if buds are formed, they will not be bright and fragrant after flowering.
3. water. Watering Chinese rose flowers is very particular. You should alternate between dry and wet, not dry and not watered, but watered thoroughly. Chinese rose flowers are afraid of flooding, and there can be no water in the basin, which is easy to rot. Water should be poured once a day in midsummer, until the surface of the basin soil turns white. During the winter dormancy period, be sure to water less and keep it semi-humid.
4. Overwintering. If there are warm conditions at home in winter, the room temperature should be kept above 18℃ and there should be more than 6 hours of light every day. If there are no warm measures, let it sleep naturally. In early winter, after the leaves fall off, only 5 cm branches are left on each branch, and all branches above 5 cm are cut off. Then store the flowerpot in a cool place at about 0℃. The soil in the flowerpot should be a little dry, but it should not be too dry to prevent it from dying.
5. Fertilize. Chinese rose likes fat. Potted roses should be fertilized frequently and watered every ten days during the growing season. No matter what fertilizer is used, remember not to overdo it to prevent fertilizer damage and damage flower seedlings. But fertilization is not allowed in winter dormancy period.
Step 6 trim. Cut off the buds after flowering. When the bud of Chinese rose just appears, choose a well-shaped bud to stay and cut off the rest. The purpose is to leave only one bud on each branch, and the flowers will be full, gorgeous, big and fragrant in the future.
7. Ventilation. Whether it is garden cultivation or balcony cultivation, we should pay attention to ventilation. With good ventilation, Chinese rose can grow healthily and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
8. temperature. Rose likes cool and warm climate and is afraid of high temperature. The optimum temperature is 18℃-28℃. When the temperature exceeds 32℃, flower bud differentiation will be inhibited. So in summer when the temperature is high, roses generally don't bloom, even if there are a few, they are much worse than at room temperature. You can move the flowerpot to a cool place for maintenance at high temperature.
Rose is also an expert in absorbing harmful gases, which can absorb hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, benzene, phenol and other harmful gases, and has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, so rose is also a good flower to protect human living environment.
osmanthus flowers
Alias oleoresin, Yan Jia, Murraya murraya and Golden Millet.
It belongs to Oleaceae and Oleaceae.
Osmanthus fragrans is native to the eastern Himalayas in southwest China, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. Now Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and other provinces have wild; From the Huaihe River basin to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, it is widely planted in the south, and many rows of potted plants are planted in the north. Relatively concentrated producing areas are Guangfu in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Bai Dun in Xianning, Hubei, Manjue in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Yangshuo in Guilin, Guangxi, Guishuo in Xinxiang, Sichuan, etc. In addition, Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing, Changsha and other cities have also been planted in large quantities recently. Osmanthus fragrans is cultivated in Japan and India. 18 was introduced to Britain from Guangzhou, China in 1970s. The British Royal Botanical Garden began to be cultivated in 1789, and was later introduced to some European countries. However, only some countries along the Mediterranean coast can successfully introduce them and cultivate them in the open field.
Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen broad-leaved tree with a height of15m and a crown of 400 square meters. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings have obvious taproots, developed and deep roots. Young roots are yellow-brown, and old roots are yellow-brown. The root system of grafted seedlings varies with rootstock; Cuttings buried in soil are easy to produce adventitious roots, but there is no obvious main root. Hanging flowers have strong branching and low technical points, especially in the early stage, and often appear shrub-like for a long time. After close planting or pruning, it can become an obvious trunk. Bark is rough, grayish brown or grayish white, sometimes showing lenticels. The leaf surface is smooth, leathery, dark and bright green near the axis, and the far axis surface is more talked about; Oval, oblong, oval, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.
Osmanthus fragrans is a light-loving tree species, but it needs some shade at seedling stage. Adults are required to have plenty of sunshine. Only under sunny conditions can branches and leaves flourish, trees be beautiful and flowers be dense. Suitable for living in warm subtropical areas, not too cold-resistant, but relatively cold-resistant compared with other evergreen broad-leaved trees. For example, in Xuzhou, Zhengzhou, Xi 'an and other places, the extreme minimum temperature in winter is close to -20℃, but as long as the microclimate is good, the ground-planted flowers can still survive and bloom. Further north, far from the north bank of the Yellow River, only potted osmanthus can be developed.
Osmanthus fragrans has low requirements on soil and water. The soil should not be too wet, especially to avoid water accumulation. In case of waterlogging, the roots rot and leaves fall off, resulting in the death of the whole plant. There are certain requirements for air humidity. The poem of China's ancient celebrities, "The mountain is beautiful before the fog is thick" and "The mountain clouds are lonely and osmanthus is wet", vividly shows that osmanthus flowers need a foggy and wet condition with sunny days, cool nights and moist rain and dew.
Osmanthus fragrans leaves are dense and need to consume a lot of nutrients. It is suitable for growing on sandy loam with deep soil layer and rich humus, and can also grow normally on cohesive soil. But it is not tolerant to dry and barren soil, otherwise the growth will be particularly slow, the leaves will be generally yellow, and even periodic top wilting will occur. It is suitable for growth in slightly acidic soil with pH 5.5 ~ 6.5, and alkaline soil will lead to physiological iron deficiency in osmanthus fragrans. Although the leathery leaves of osmanthus fragrans have a certain ability to resist smoke and dust pollution, after being polluted, there will often be a phenomenon that only leaves grow without flowering.
Growth and development law of osmanthus fragrans: In the Yangtze River basin, from late February to early March every year, osmanthus fragrans begins to shoot new shoots. Generally, new buds are 5~25 cm long, and some are as long as 40 cm or more. The investigation shows that all branches with flowering length less than 50 cm can form flower buds, which are easy to bloom, especially the branches with 5- 15 cm have the most flowers. Most of the hanging flowers of flower buds are located at the top node and its nearby nodes, and there are few flowers below the top bud to 6 nodes. The survival of flower buds is related to the age of branches. Generally, branches less than 8 years old can blossom, but the branches in the same year bloom the most. There are few branches and flowers for more than 3 years, and the production value is not great. Usually flowers bloom twice before and after the National Day, with an interval of about 2 weeks. The flowering period is often affected by air temperature and humidity: when autumn is humid and the temperature is low, the flowering period is earlier; On the contrary, in case of high temperature and dry weather, the flowering period will be delayed accordingly. According to the experience accumulated in Guangfu producing area of Suzhou for hundreds of years, the phenology of osmanthus fragrans can be divided into 10 stages: germination stage, pearl stage, top shell stage, boll stalk stage, fragrant eye stage, initial flowering stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage, late flowering stage and full flowering stage. The whole flowering process lasts about half a month from the pearl stage when the buds are obviously enlarged to the withering flowering stage. The best viewing period with ornamental value is about 5-6 days, while the best harvesting period of flowers is only 2-4 days.
Osmanthus fragrans has a long economic life. Take the main variety "Russian Yinjia" in Suzhou Guangfu production area as an example: it begins to blossom after 5 years of planting, and it will be put into production after 10 years, with 0.5 kg of flowers per plant; Can receive 4-5 kilograms of flowers at the age of 20; 50-year-old flowers can receive 15-20 Jin; An 80-year-old man can collect 20-25 kilograms of flowers. As long as it is properly managed, it can still maintain a certain output until 200-300 years. This further shows that osmanthus fragrans is a garden tree species with high biological, social and economic benefits.
Osmanthus fragrans fruits generally mature in April-May, and can be harvested when the peel gradually changes from green to purple-blue. After harvesting, water is sprayed for composting, pulp is removed, seeds are dried in the shade, and mixed with sand for storage. Hanging flower seeds have the function of post-ripening, and should be stored in sand for at least half a year until June 65438+1October of that year for autumn sowing or spring sowing the following year. According to the experience of Guilin, Guangxi, it is required that the sand layer is not wet at the initial stage of sand storage, and the water holding capacity of sand is 10%. In the middle and late stage of sand storage, the water holding capacity of sand can be gradually increased to 50% to ensure that most seeds in sand storage can germinate smoothly. During sand storage, attention should also be paid to prevent lightning strike and rodent damage to seeds. Sowing is usually carried out by drilling holes.
When sowing, the umbilical cord should be placed sideways to avoid the radicle and young stem bending, which will affect the growth of seedlings in the future. After sowing, cover straw thinly and build a shade shed. Generally, the sowing amount per mu is 20 kg, which can produce 25-30 thousand seedlings. The height of the seedlings in that year was about 15-20cm. Stay in bed for 2 years and transplant in the spring of the third year. Hanging flowers in Guilin, Guangxi bear fruit every year, and this method is often used to cultivate large seedlings for landscaping. Seeding seedlings begin to bloom later, generally after 10 years old; And it is not easy to keep that original characteristic of the variety. But it has strong adaptability and can be used as an excellent variety of grafted flowers.
Spread of layering: generally divided into two types: ground layering and air layering. Osmanthus fragrans is a small shrub-like tree, so it is necessary to choose low-tech or clustered mother plants for layering. In the Guangfu area of Suzhou, in order not to affect the production of flower picking, flower farmers adopted the local layering method. The specific method is to select a relatively strong low-stem mother tree from March to June, press the lower branches of l-2 years old into a ditch 3-5 cm deep, cut soil to cover the ditch, and fix the pressed branches with wooden stakes or bamboo chips, leaving only the tips and leaves outside the soil. Usually, each parent tree can reproduce about 10 seedlings. In Hangzhou Huayuangang Nursery, flower farmers use full layering method. That is to say, in the large seedling area in the nursery, the female parent osmanthus fragrans (lO- 15) is selected, and all its new buds are sown in the soil, so that about 100 seedlings with uniform specifications can be obtained. These seedlings were separated from their mother after two years. After l-2 years of recovery and recuperation, the original mother tree can be used to raise seedlings again. Osmanthus fragrans can also be propagated by high pressure method. However, there are too many artificial flowers, the number of reproduction is limited, and sometimes it will hurt the mother tree. Therefore, it is generally only suitable for the breeding of osmanthus fragrans.
Grafting propagation: Grafting is the most commonly used method to propagate osmanthus seedlings. Specifically, it can be divided into two methods: docking and cutting. Grafting rootstocks mainly include Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, water wax, Liu Su Chimonanthus praecox, ash and so on. Practice shows that the grafting survival rate of Ligustrum lucidum rootstock is high, and the initial growth is also fast, but the compatibility is poor, the interface healing is not good, and it is easy to be broken by the wind. Rootstocks such as Ligustrum lucidum, small wax and water wax have high survival rate and good affinity in the initial stage, but they are not coordinated enough in the later stage, which will form the phenomenon of "small feet" in the upper position; Rootstocks such as willow and Fraxinus mandshurica also showed good affinity in the early stage, but they were still not coordinated enough in the later stage, often forming a "big foot" phenomenon of renting at the top and renting at the bottom. 4. Cuttage propagation: Since 1970s, the survival rate of osmanthus fragrans cuttings has been steadily increased to over 90% after the introduction of the new technology of high and low double shade shed and closed cuttage seedling raising, so cuttage propagation has been widely used in production. The conventional cutting of hanging flowers is mostly twig cutting, which is carried out from mid-June to late August. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to take the 20-30-year-old flowering mother tree with excellent varieties and strong plants as cuttings and cut off the semi-mature branches in the middle and upper part of the crown.
Osmanthus fragrans branches have the habit of producing l-5 roots at the same time (3 branches are mostly). Generally, the terminal central branch should be chosen because such branches take root quickly and have high survival rate. The length of cuttings is generally 8~ 10 cm and the thickness is 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm. If the cutting has three nodes, it is better to put two nodes in the soil and 1 node outside when cutting, so as to win more roots. Cutting density: row spacing 10-20cm, plant spacing of 3cm, and about 65,438+10,000 cuttings per mu. After cutting, shade in time. Nowadays, various places often design and use double shade sheds to shade the sun. That is, build a shade shed with a height of 2 meters (people can walk under it), and cover or hang curtains on and around it; Then under the high shade shed, according to the specifications of each bed, build a low shade shed with a height of 0.7 meters and cover it with curtains. Practice has proved that the survival rate of cutting in double shade shed is much higher than that in single shade shed. The temperature in the double shade shed should be kept at 25-28℃ and the relative humidity should be kept at 84-89%. After shading for 2 months, the cuttings produced callus and grew new roots one after another. In June 5438+ 10, the low shade shed was demolished, and in June 165438+ 10, the high shade shed was demolished, and the shed was rebuilt to prepare for winter. Under the condition of double shade shed facilities, several groups of closed plastic film annular sheds can be added. Under the protection of the triple shed, the best temperature and humidity can be obtained and the ideal seedling raising effect can be achieved. At present, nine provinces and cities including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Henan and Shanghai have applied it in production, which is called "closed cutting method".
Planting hanging flowers in the most suitable environmental conditions for their growth; At the same time, arrange and improve the planting environment to make it more suitable for the growth of hanging flowers. This is the principle and direction of cultivating hanging flowers. Before developing hanging flowers, it is necessary to carefully consider the requirements of hanging flowers on geographical climate zone and altitude, as well as the soil conditions of specific planting sites and the allowable range of air pollution. Generally speaking, the north of Nanling Mountain and the south of Qinling Mountain are suitable areas for the cultivation and distribution of osmanthus fragrans. The elevation of the basin should be below 500 meters; The south-central region requires an altitude below 1500m; The southwest plateau is required to be between1500-2500m. The pollution in the planting area should be light, the content of sulfur dioxide in the air should be less than 0. 1 mg/L, and the amount of dustfall should be less than 20 tons /km2/ month. The soil layer is deep, the groundwater should be below L, O- 1.5m, the drainage is good, and there should be no accumulated water and sticky disk under the topsoil. The ground should be unpaved; If it is really necessary to pave, it should be outside the crown of adult trees. The bulk density of garden soil should be less than 1.4g/cm3 in order to close management and keep soil sulfur loose. If the above conditions can be met, it will flourish and bloom well, and there will be no phenomena of scorched tip withering and flowering failure. Osmanthus fragrans planting holes should be dug deep and wide, and more manure should be applied as base fertilizer. When planting, carefully plant large seedlings with soil balls.
Planting should not be too deep. If necessary, pile soil on the flat ground for planting. If the planting is tall, it needs to be fixed with wooden stakes, and a large number of Ryukyu branches should be trimmed at the same time. Osmanthus fragrans transplantation is often carried out from mid-March to late April or after flowering in autumn, and can also be transplanted in rainy season if necessary. Transplanting is forbidden in winter to avoid poor growth and delay flowering for 1-3 years. Osmanthus fragrans is fertilized twice a year. Apply base fertilizer in winter, and LL-65438+sufficient fertilizer in February to promote flourishing branches and leaves and flower bud differentiation in the coming year; Top dressing in summer in July promotes the prosperity of autumn flowers. Pay attention to irrigation for flower sulfur and osmanthus; However, watering should be controlled when flowering, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers. After plastic surgery, sweet-scented osmanthus should not be pruned intensively, but only the branches with diseases and insect pests, with thin and weak correction, incomplete skills, endogenous branches and virtual branches. In the annual flowering period, it is forbidden to break the branches of osmanthus fragrans to prevent the tree from declining. It is necessary to prevent and control all kinds of pests and diseases in time in combination with cleaning the garden.
The main pests and diseases that harm hanging flowers are red spider, whitefly, scale insect, cobia and Fusarium. In recent years, more and more people cut osmanthus in family pots. Especially in the northern areas where it is difficult to overwinter in the open air, pot scissors and hanging flowers are more popular. Hanging flowers and potted plants are well managed, and they are placed in the courtyard sunshine in summer without shading. It is safe to overwinter indoors in winter. The proportion of soil for hanging flowers in potted plants is not strict, and it can usually be composed of garden soil, manure pile and river sand, each accounting for 1/3. If the acidity is too high (such as latosol in Lingnan area), some lime powder or plant ash can be added; If the alkalinity is too heavy (such as brown soil in North China), some aluminum sulfate or ferrous sulfate can be added. In spring, after potted osmanthus fragrans, it should be watered enough to make it permeable, and then moved to the shade for about 10 days to make it "on the pot". During the period of holding the basin, you can not water it, let alone fertilize it. Water and fertilizer can only be applied after the growth has resumed and new leaves have grown.
The specific requirements of watering are: water every corner for 3-4 days in spring and autumn, every l-2 days in summer, every 7- 10 days in winter, and water every time. When using fertilizers, organic fertilizers, such as compost manure, must be completely decomposed and fermented before they can be used (marked by black manure juice). When using chemical fertilizer, it is necessary to make clear the composition and content of the fertilizer and use it reasonably according to the different growth and development stages of osmanthus fragrans. The safe concentration of urea is 0.5- 1.0%, and that of calcium superphosphate is 2%.
Pruning of potted osmanthus fragrans should be done after autumn flowers. For plants with high trunk, hollow lower branches and bad tree shape, all the top branches can be cut off at 2/3-3/4 of the trunk height to stimulate new branches to grow at the lower part of the trunk. For plants with too large crown and "top-heavy" shape, you can cut off the branches that are too thick above and keep the branches below to balance the tree. Plants with too dense branches can be thinned to make the remaining branches flourish. Practice has proved that overall pruning, especially heavy pruning combined with comprehensive management of water and fertilizer, has a good effect on improving the growth of osmanthus fragrans.
After the first frost in the north of China (Huanghuai Valley is behind beginning of winter), potted osmanthus should be kept in a cold room for the winter. Room temperature should be kept at 0-5℃ and relative humidity at 50-80%. Indoor light is better in winter, especially in early spring before the buds begin to sprout, so more sunshine is needed. The following spring, after Grain Rain in North China (before and after the shock), potted osmanthus was arranged to leave the room. After leaving the room, put it in the outdoor leeward and sunny place, and then put it in rows to gradually adapt to the external environment. Potted osmanthus has a certain development prospect. It can expand the cultivation range of osmanthus fragrans and effectively control the flowering period of osmanthus fragrans. According to reports, Beijing moved osmanthus fragrans into the greenhouse 1 month before it bloomed, maintained a proper high temperature, and often called the leaves to water them. Take it out of the greenhouse two weeks before flowering, cool it, and keep the low temperature of 18℃, then it can bloom on National Day.
Some osmanthus varieties can bear fruit after flowering, while others can't. Flower anatomy proves that the fruiting of osmanthus fragrans varieties is mainly related to the structure of flower organs.
Taking the analysis of osmanthus fragrans cultivars in East China as an example, the stamens and pistils of' Zaohuang' and' Zaoyinjia' were extremely delayed and could not bear fruit. The stamens of varieties such as' Late Yinjia' and' Jinhua' developed normally or a few abnormally, while the pistils degenerated and could not bear fruit. The pistils of' Zigui' and' Yueluo' developed normally and could bear fruit after flowering. In addition, there are also factors such as terroir conditions and plant heritability that can affect the seed setting rate. To do a good job in the breeding of osmanthus fragrans, we must first understand the mechanism and principle of variety sterility.
Osmanthus fragrans is evergreen all year round, with lush foliage, crisp autumn air and overflowing fragrance, which can be described as "monopolizing Sanqiu over others". It is widely used in gardens, often used as landscape trees, including single planting, opposite planting and cluster planting. In the classical gardens of China, hanging flowers are often collocated with buildings and rocks, and clustered shrubs are located near pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions. Old-style gardens are often used for happiness, which is called "double hanging court" or "double laurel leaves fragrance" Planting hanging trees around the house or behind the house can get the effect of "golden wind delivering fragrance". Osmanthus fragrans is resistant to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen nitride, and it is also a good greening flower in industrial and mining areas. Osmanthus fragrans is also a raw material for food processing, which can be used to soak wine, harm tea and make various cakes and sweets. Its flowers, fruits and roots can be used as medicine.
Introduction of cactus
Cactus can be divided into narrow sense and broad sense. In a narrow sense, cactus refers to cactus of Cactaceae, and in a broad sense, cactus refers to all spherical or nearly spherical cactus plants. Here refers to the cactus in a broad sense. People have the impression that cactus is usually full of thorns and is a famous "prickly head". In fact, cactus flowers are also very beautiful, delicate and beautiful, unique.
Beautiful and changeable cactus flowers
The buds of cactus usually grow from thorns, a few species grow from the axils of wart processes, and some species have long flower tubes. The flower is bisexual, and the pistil is located in the center of the flower. Petals are mostly oval and pointed, mostly single or double petals. Due to different varieties, the size of flowers varies greatly, ranging from tens of centimeters to only a few millimeters in diameter. Flowers are funnel-shaped, trumpet-shaped, bell-shaped, radial, tubular and cylindrical. There are many colors such as white, pink, red, yellow, orange and purple, and some have special metallic luster. Most cactus varieties open in the sunny morning and close in the afternoon, and a few white-flowered varieties bloom at night. The life span of a single flower is generally 2 days, and some varieties are as long as 10 days.
Cactus has many kinds, different postures, small plants, simple maintenance, easy flowering and bright colors, which is very suitable for family cultivation and viewing. If you use small potted plants, they will be placed on windowsills, balconies, bookshelves, console tables and other places, just like living handicrafts, which are strange and interesting. Common ornamental varieties of cactus are grass ball, lion king, white snow light, colorful jade, Grand Commander, Linglongtang, grandson ball, grandson ball brocade, Venus, Bai Niao, dragon ball, black ball and pocket.
Cultivation method of cactus
Cactus is native to desert and semi-desert areas in tropical America. I like warm, dry and sunny environment, I am resistant to drought and semi-shade, and I am afraid of water accumulation. Different varieties have different habits because of different growth environments. In cultivation management, it should be classified according to varieties.
1. A thriving variety
Grass ball, dragon ball, lion king, bean and other varieties should be given sufficient light during the growing period and can be placed in sunny and ventilated places outdoors. There is no need to shade the high temperature in midsummer, as long as it is ventilated, otherwise it will cause red spider harm due to sultry heat. Water should be "watered thoroughly if you don't do it". Attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season, and it is best to put plants in places where rainwater can't reach, so as to avoid root rot or even the whole ball rot caused by soil water accumulation. Apply decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer once every 20 days or so, and the fertilizer solution should be light and not thick, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main component and nitrogen fertilizer as the supplement. Stop fertilization after autumn to make the ball compact, which is beneficial to overwintering. In winter, it is beneficial to ensure that plants can fully sleep and grow in the next year by placing them in a sunny place indoors, strictly controlling watering and keeping the temperature at 3℃ to 5℃.
Young plants need to turn over pots every spring, and turn over pots once every 3 to 4 years. Because cactus plants have many thorns, it is best to put newspapers on them when changing pots to avoid pricking them. Cut off 2/3 ~ 1/2 of dead roots and rotten roots, and cut off all the old roots that have no absorption ability to promote them to sprout strong new roots. Pot soil should be loose, breathable and well drained, and can be mixed with garden soil, sand and slag.
2. Varieties with weak growth.
Small balls, such as' Sunzi Ball' and' Heili Ball', are native to grass and covered by weeds in summer, so it is necessary to avoid sun exposure in the middle and summer of cultivation. Bai Niao',' Jingxiaodian' and' Caiwengyu' are suitable for growing in an environment with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation and large temperature difference between day and night because of their high altitude. In addition, their prickles and hairs are easy to get dirty, so it is best to keep them indoors with plenty of light all the year round.
Spring and autumn are the main growing seasons of this kind of cactus. In order to avoid water accumulation in the basin soil, a thin fertilizer of "low nitrogen and high phosphorus and potassium" is applied once a month. Due to the lack of high temperature tolerance, the plant growth in summer is stagnant and in a dormant or semi-dormant state, so fertilization should be stopped and watering should be controlled. If the temperature can be maintained above 65438 00℃ in winter, water can be continued to promote plant growth. If watering is controlled so that plants are dormant, they can also withstand the low temperature of 5℃. The self-rooted seedlings of this cactus grow slowly and it is difficult to bloom. Therefore, it is best to take the vigorous cactus plants such as' fenugreek' and' grass ball' as rootstocks and use the method of flat grafting to accelerate the growth of plants and bloom early. However, the grafted plants are prone to premature aging, and the ornamental value is not as good as the original plant height.
3. Propagation of cactus
The reproduction of cactus varies from species to species. Varieties that are easy to bear bulbs, such as' grass ball',' grandson ball' and' Venus', can be picked and dried for a few days during the growing season, and then cut after the wound is dry. Varieties that are not easy to bear balls such as' Grand Commander',' Dragon Ball' and' Lion King' can be propagated by sowing. Bai Niao, Bai Xueguang, Jingmingdian, Cai Wengyu and Heiliqiu, which are weak in growth, often use grafting for propagation. For varieties that are not easy to bear fruit and can not harvest seeds, it can destroy the growing point at the top of strong plants and promote the development of fruit balls. When the cones grow to a certain size, they can be picked for cutting or grafting.
Bai Niao cactus is a plant of Papilionidae, which was solitary at first and then clustered. The single ball is about 3.5 cm in diameter and the wart is cylindrical. Tiny Nitraria is about 0.5 cm long, and each base has about 100 thorns, all of which are scattered horizontally and densely covered with spheres. Flowers funnel-shaped, 2 cm to 3 cm in diameter, reddish.
A Chilean bulbous plant of cactus family, having a plump radish-shaped fleshy root, a grayish green to dark red bulb, and a spiral arrangement of black or brown round tubercles. Flowers yellow, 4 cm to 4.5 cm in diameter.
Caiwengyu, also known as' Caiyu', is a plant of Chile in Cactus. Its plants are solitary, spherical to short cylindrical, about 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm to 14 cm in height. Its sphere is turquoise and densely covered with irregular yellow or brown bristles. The flowers are terminal, long tubular, funnel-shaped and pink.
The lion king, also known as the' Lion King Ball', is a plant belonging to the South China Jade genus of Cactus. Its plants are solitary, oblate or round, dark green, with a diameter of about 16 cm, wart edge 13 to 15, white or light yellow thorns, and reddish brown at the top and base. The flower is terminal, funnel-shaped, 4 cm to 6 cm in diameter and light yellow in color.
The plants of Cactus are solitary or clustered, and the young plants are spherical, and then gradually cylindrical, with a height of 75 cm, a diameter of 12 cm to 15 cm, a dark green sphere with edges of 1 1 2 and conical spines. Peanut is on the side of the sphere, trumpet-shaped, about 24 cm long, about 10 cm in diameter, white or light pink.
The variegated variety' Zizhunqiu' is a plant belonging to the genus Zizhunqiu in Cactaceae, which is spherical yellow, clustered, small spherical or cylindrical, spirally arranged with thin ribs 16 to 2 0, spines 0.2 cm to 0.3 cm long, white or light yellow. Peanuts are on the thorn base at the lower part of the sphere. The flower tube is thin and long, with small red flowers and funnel shape.
Bai Xueguang, also known as' Xueguang', belongs to Araceae. The plant is solitary, oblate to spherical, with a diameter of 6 cm to 10 cm and 30 edges. There are small verrucous processes arranged in a spiral shape on the sphere. The spine is filiform, first yellow, then white. The flower is funnel-shaped, with a length of 1.5 cm, a diameter of 2 cm to 3 cm, and is orange-red or red. A single flower can last from 7 days to 10 days.
Bean, also known as' planet', is a cactus. The plant is solitary, initially spherical, and then gradually oblate or disc-shaped. The epidermis is gray-green, shiny and covered with white spots composed of short hairs. Ridge 4 to 12, the ridge line is neat, the ridge is gentle, and there is a thorn seat composed of round fluff at a certain distance from the center of the ridge, but there is no thorn. Flowers are funnel-shaped, mostly yellow and rarely red.
Leptospira is solitary, spherical to short cylindrical, with a height of 15 cm to 20 cm, a diameter of 8 cm to 12 cm, dark green, a ridge of 13, a high ridge, and wavy edges in a spiral arrangement. The spines are densely arranged, with hooks at the top of the spines, and the spines are yellow, white or yellowish brown. Peanut ball top, funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, heart red, 6 cm to 7 cm in diameter.
Cultivation and management of asparagus
Asparagus likes warmth, and it should be sunny in winter. If you put it in a place where you can't see the light for a long time in winter, poor ventilation or cold will easily lead to yellowing of the branches and leaves. At this time, it can be moved to a place with warm sunshine, and the room temperature can be kept between 12℃ and 18℃. Proper watering control can gradually return to normal.
Asparagus is afraid of smoke. If it encounters toxic gas, its branches and leaves will turn yellow easily. Therefore, attention should be paid to keeping the environment clean during maintenance. Asparagus will enrich the soil. If there is no soil replacement and fertilization for a long time, the nutrient supply will be short and the branches and leaves will turn yellow. At this time, it is necessary to water the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer once a week, and water the soil in time to make it turn from yellow to green quickly. If the fertilizer is too thick or does not decompose, it is easy to cause "watering the roots", resulting in dry leaves and falling off. At this time, it is necessary to dump the fertilizer in the basin, rinse the clods with clear water, and then replace them with new culture soil.
Asparagus prefers semi-shade to strong light. If it is placed in direct sunlight in summer, it will easily lead to yellowing of branches and leaves. At this time, the flowerpot should be moved to the shade, and water should be sprayed on the branches and leaves frequently to increase the air humidity. When the damage is minor, most of them can be recovered.
Asparagus likes humidity, fears drought, avoids excessive humidity and waterlogging, and is strict with soil and water. Mastering the appropriate humidity of basin soil is the key to the daily maintenance of asparagus. Usually, if there is too much water, it will cause the basin to be too wet or accumulate water for a long time, which will lead to poor root growth and root rot. First, the branches and leaves on the ground grow in vain, then they turn yellow and fall off, and the newly grown buds wither halfway. For vines over three years old, a large number of flowers and seeds fall, which will lead to the death of the whole plant in severe cases. Too little watering will dry up the flowerpot, resulting in yellow leaves and twigs falling off, posture withering, and falling buds and flowers. Therefore, the soil in the basin should always be in a state of alternating dry and wet. If you find that the basin is too wet, don't continue watering. It is necessary to loosen soil, change pots and dredge bottom holes to promote the rapid release of excess water.