(1) China cherry is a small tree or shrub. The growth is weak, the dryness is not strong, the branches are slender, and natural round heads or natural clusters are often used in production. Natural round head, trunk 50 ~ 60 cm, 3 ~ 5 main branches, with fruiting branches on the main branches; Naturally clustered, generally without trunk, there are 5 ~ 6 main branches obliquely growing from the ground, forming a clustered tree, and each main branch has fruiting branches. There are many kinds of cherries in China, which mature earlier than sweet cherries.
China cherry has strong germination ability and can be used for bud regeneration. The cold resistance is weaker than that of sweet cherry.
(2) Sour cherry is also called European sour cherry. Small trees or shrubs, strong trees, erect or open. Branches are slender and dense, with strong cold tolerance, early fruiting, easy to take root and tiller, and can be used for reproduction or regeneration.
(3) Prunus tomentosa is native to China. A shrub with dense branches and strong germination ability. This species has strong cold resistance, wide adaptability to soil and high yield, and can be used as raw material for peach breeding and dwarf rootstock. Because this species mostly uses seedlings to reproduce, there are many types.
(4) Sweet cherry can be divided into two varieties according to its growth and fruiting habits, represented by Na Weng and Da Zi. The pruning of these two varieties is different.
(1) the types of nanon are crystal and chicken heart. The tree is upright, the young trees grow vigorously, and the ability to form branches is weak, mainly bouquets of fruit branches, and the tree tends to be weak after the result.
For this variety, it is advisable for the central leadership to adopt trunk thinning. During plastic surgery, we should pay attention to opening the angle of the backbone branch by pulling the branch.
When young trees are pruned, they should be appropriately shortened to promote the growth of branches, increase the planting position of bouquets of fruit branches, and pay attention to balancing the tree potential during pruning to prevent "upward force". When the phenomenon of "upward strength" appears, it can be contracted at the weaker branches of the strong branches, or the extended branches can be cut off again. The extended branches of weak backbone branches should be kept for a long time to increase their total growth and promote bold growth. For other branches on the strong branches, especially those with upright back, only 3 ~ 5 cm is left for heavy short cutting, and flowers are slowly released in the next year to promote flower buds. Light cutting and short cutting of weak branches can increase the number of branches and promote the growth of thickening.
Results Branches should be cultured in compact form. When cultivating fruiting branches, medium-strong branches or competitive branches can be used. That is, in 1 year, the medium and strong branches on both sides of the backbone branches are selected, and short nodes of about 20 cm are left; In the second year, the top branch is shortened again as the leading branch of the branch group, the lower branch is sparse if it is too dense, the weak branch is slowly released, and the middle branch is moderately shortened to promote branching; In the third year, the strong branches at the top of the branch group became thinner, and the middle branches and weak branches at the lower part gradually decreased; For moderate and weak branches that have been slowly released and formed leafy branches in the second year, the branches can be shrunk at the weak branches.
On the basis of strengthening the comprehensive management of soil, fertilizer and water, the main branches and fruiting branches of big trees in full fruit stage are pruned in miniature, so as to promote the bouquetlike fruit branches to grow medium and long branches, maintain the growth of trees, maintain the fruiting ability and prolong the fruiting period.
After entering the aging period, we should pay attention to renewal and rejuvenation. If the economic output cannot be maintained, it is necessary to update the whole park in time.
② The types of big purple are early purple, small purple and glass bubble. The posture of the tree is relatively open, the branches are thick, and the resulting parts are easy to move out. After a large number of fruits, the tree potential is easier to maintain.
This variety should adopt natural happy shape or natural clump shape. In the process of plastic surgery, attention should be paid to maintaining the balance between membership and tree length growth, and also to the angle of main branches opening, so as to control the growth of main branches with small opening angle.
When pruning young trees, it is necessary to properly remove the branches that are too dense and flourishing, trim a small amount, and slowly release moderate branches and weak branches to promote the growth of leafy branches. During the growth of new shoots, branching can be promoted by coring to promote flowering and fruiting.
When the bearing branches are cultivated on both sides of the main branches, the medium and strong branches can be chopped; After branching in the second year, the new branches are cored to promote branching; In the third year, the top strong branches are loosened, the moderate branches and weak branches are slowly released, and the scattered fruiting branches are cultivated; After the medium and weak branches are slowly released, they can be cultured into uniaxial elongated fruiting branches.
After a large number of fruits are produced in the full fruit stage, we should pay attention to the slight shrinkage and shearing of the top of the 2-3-year-old branches of the main branches and fruiting branches to restore their growth and fruiting ability and control the outward migration of fruiting parts.