First, prune young trees regularly.
1 First pruning of artificially cultivated young trees.
The general planting density of transplanted seedlings is 3? 4 meters, the seedling height is greater than 1 ~ 1.2 meters, and the shaping height is determined to be 3 ~ 3.5 meters. Generally, it is trimmed in the form of evacuation layering. Under special circumstances, it can be pruned according to the natural pleasure, mainly according to the terrain and plant shape, in order to obtain the highest yield and sustainable results, not to look neat. Transplanted seedlings are fixed at 1 ~ 1.2 m, that is, they are pruned at this height according to their growth potential. Pruning time is carried out at the same time as planting, that is, before the juice flows. Practice has proved that winter pruning is not as effective as early spring pruning, and it is easy to determine the main branches at the grass-roots level. When pruning the main branches, it is not necessary to remove the young branches at the base, but treat them as auxiliary branches, and then treat them as appropriate after the formation of the first layer of main branches.
After the seedlings survive, multiple branches will germinate in the upper part, and the branches in the southeast direction will be selected as the first main branch, and then according to 120? The other two branches were selected as the main branch culture, and the branch sprouting from the uppermost bud eye was selected as the main branch culture. The purpose of this is to make each main branch get enough light as much as possible, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission. The direction of retaining the main branches in the future is also cultivated on this basis. The main branches of each layer should not be vertical up and down, and should be cultivated at a certain angle.
After the bud germinates, when the main branch is extended to 50 ~ 60 cm, the core is removed to promote the development of new branches and lateral branches are cultivated on the main branch. When the main branches are picked at 80 cm, two main branches in the second layer can be cultivated. The growth direction of the second layer of main branches must be cross-cultured with the first layer of main branches to avoid the rapid outward migration of fruiting branches.
2. Prune two-year-old saplings.
Pruning is carried out in the early spring of the second year after planting. First, remove the auxiliary branches below the main branch to maintain the growth potential of young trees. Chop the branch about 50 cm above the side branch of the main branch to cultivate the second side branch. Keep the lateral branches short, the spacing is 20 ~ 30 cm, and cultivate large fruit branches. The top of the main branch is shortened by 50 ~ 60 cm, and then the third layer 1 main branch is cultured. In this process, we should first remove the back branches, clustered branches, drooping branches, weak branches, dead branches and pests, and then consider the cultivation of main branches, side branches and fruiting branches.
Branching treatment of winter pruning. Medicinal seed tree is a kind of arbor with strong growth potential and small branch opening angle, and the angle between main branch and trunk should be kept at 60 ~ 70? In addition to selecting buds, branches should be pulled if necessary. We can change the direction of main branches and side branches by dropping heavy objects, pulling, twisting branches, ring cutting and so on, and then trim them.
3. Pruning of three-year-old saplings
① Trunk treatment. Generally, one main branch is reserved in the third layer, and more than one main branch is allowed to grow, so that six main branches are reserved, and the main branch culture is completed.
② Cultivate multiple lateral branches on the left and right sides of each main branch. Cross culture with lateral branch spacing of 56 ~ 60 cm. The appropriate vertical angle between the lateral branches and the main branches is 40 ~ 50 degrees, which not only ensures the growth potential, but also is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and vegetative growth.
③ The distribution distance of fruiting branches in the lateral branches is 30-40cm, and the distance from the ground is 40-45cm. In the branch culture of horn, horizontal branch and drooping branch cannot be selected. Under special circumstances, long branches can be transformed into fruiting branches, which grow naturally.
2. Pruning of medicinal seed trees in fruiting period
Young trees will blossom and bear fruit after 5 ~ 6 years, because the medicinal seed trees are dioecious, and the male plants will only blossom but not bear fruit, but it is necessary to keep 10% of the male plants as breeding trees, and the spacing is basically the same. Plants with vigorous growth, large flowers and long flowering time are selected as breeding trees, and the rest can be marked. In winter, female high branches are cut down or grafted, and lateral branches and fruiting branches are re-cultivated.
Pruning at fruiting stage is mainly to prevent fruiting branches from moving out, and to cut off dead branches, clustered branches, pests and diseases. The top main branch has been formed, flowering and bearing fruit. At this time, the main branch can be cut off with a small saw, and one branch can be reserved as a top-type side branch or a branch bearing group.
Third, pruning perennial trees.
When fruit trees enter the fruiting period, they should be pruned every winter to remove long branches and horizontal branches, so as to keep the interior of the crown bright, ensure the internal illumination and prevent the inner chamber from bearing fruit. When the extended branches of two adjacent plants touch each other, it is necessary to retract the extended branches of the main branches year by year and keep them unaffected.
The latent buds of perennial trees will form branches in various parts and are usually removed during pruning in winter. If the main branch, lateral branch and fruiting branch can't be used due to diseases, insect pests, strong wind and other reasons, new branches can be cultivated to become lateral branches, secondary lateral branches and fruiting branches, and enough space is left for new plants to grow. In other words, gradually clean up the branches around the new plant until they are all cut off.
Fourthly, the transformation of the mother tree of the secondary forest of medicinal seed trees.
1. Cut down and dig other trees and shrubs in the secondary forest. Leave space for the growth of medicinal seed trees and restore their vitality. Clean up the weeds on the ground, and carry out deep tillage, disk expansion and fertilization under the crown.
2. Maintain a reasonable density. Sparse redundant plants and keep medicinal seed trees with good plant type and good cultivation prospects. Large seedlings can be transplanted to open space to ensure the effective use of local resources.
3. Prune according to the different conditions of each plant.
(1) Tree types over 20 years old have been basically finalized. Only by climbing the tree to trim the inner chamber, the big branches that affect the lower main branches to receive sunlight are mainly sawed off, because 70% of the yield of medicinal seed trees is in the middle and lower parts. Keep the height of the trunk at most 5 meters, and then trim it from bottom to top. Keep the main branches on the lower branches, and consider how to choose to keep the main branches, side branches, culture fruiting branches and so on after sawing off the overlapping branches, dead branches and pest branches on the upper branches. Don't be afraid to affect the rate of return of the year. The main purpose is to cultivate skeleton, restore tree vigor and increase fruiting branches. Generally 1 ~ 2 years later, the original output can be restored, and the output can be increased by more than 30% after 4 years.
Give full play to the role of latent buds. After major operation, the trunk, main branches and lateral branches of medicinal seed trees will produce many new branches, which is the basis for increasing production in the future. For leafy branches, methods such as silver mining in summer, pruning in winter, changing growth direction and twisting branches can be used to promote flower buds to form fruiting branches. Ordinary new branches are cut again in winter, keeping about 50 cm, quickly branching to form main branches, side branches and secondary side branches, and then occupying the space of trees, so that low-yield trees can be gradually transformed into high-yield trees.
② The medicinal seed trees with the age of 10 ~ 20 years still have strong growth potential. By destroying the apical dominance, trees can produce more branches, which can be cultivated into main branches, lateral branches and fruiting branches according to different growth parts.
③ the transformation of medicinal seed trees in 5 ~10 years. In principle, level stubble, then pay attention to pruning in summer, coring for many times, 1 ~ 2 years to cultivate into a tree shape, and 3 years to bear fruit, it is the easiest to form a high-yield tree shape, which is suitable for pruning in thick soil layers.
(4) All plants under 5 years old should be trimmed, and a large number of flower buds can be produced quickly by changing the growth direction and quantity of branches by methods such as branch pulling and ring cutting, combined with conventional pruning.
Medicinal seed trees like sunny environment, and the most important thing in shaping and pruning is to make rational use of light and heat resources. Through pruning, the trunk is controlled at a reasonable height, the branches are evenly distributed and the spacing is appropriate. The upper main branch must not block the sunlight of the lower main branch, which will make the load-bearing part move down and the lower main branch become the main load-bearing skeleton. Perennial trees should reasonably use new plants to replace the old branches that have been reduced for various reasons, so as to achieve? Big branches should be sparse, small branches should be dense, branches should not cross, and upper and lower branches should not overlap? The purpose of pruning.