Feeding method of fattening sheep 1: principles to be followed in fattening mutton sheep
1. 1 Reasonable feed supply According to feeding standard, combined with the growth and development characteristics of fattening sheep, determine the feed composition, dietary supply or supplementary feeding quota of mutton sheep, and adjust it in time according to the actual weight gain effect.
1.2 emphasize economic benefits and don't blindly pursue the maximization of daily income. Especially under the condition of fattening in house, the maximum weight gain of mutton sheep is often based on high-precision diet, and the maximum daily weight gain of mutton sheep does not necessarily mean that the best economic benefits can be obtained. Therefore, when setting the expected fattening intensity, the best economic benefit must be the only criterion.
1.3 Organize production reasonably and fatten sheep at the right time. Determine the length of fattening period according to the growth and development stage at the beginning of fattening sheep. Too short, the fattening effect is not obvious, too long, the feed reward is low and uneconomical. Therefore, when mutton sheep reach a certain weight after a certain period of fattening, they should be slaughtered or listed in time, instead of blindly pursuing the maximum weight of sheep. Determine the fattening scale of mutton sheep according to local conditions and seek the best economic benefits according to the laws of market economy.
2. Preparation of mutton sheep before fattening
2. 1 Build a sheepfold to raise sheep, build a shed, and have sufficient activity space. The sheepfold should have the functions of heatstroke prevention and cold prevention, and be selected in a place with high terrain, abundant sunshine, dryness, good ventilation and shelter from the wind, and convenient drainage. When the scale is small, it can be built in or near the residential courtyard, which is convenient for management and care. When the scale is large, it is best to build a sheep community far away from the village to facilitate epidemic prevention.
The area of the sheephouse depends on the number of sheep raised. Usually, the average area of each sheep is 0.8 ~ 1.2 square meters. Rams and ewes should occupy a larger area, sheep and lambs should be smaller, fine-wool sheep and semi-fine-wool sheep should be larger and goats should be smaller. Generally, the height of a sheep shed is 2.5m, the width of the door is not less than1.5m, and the height of the window from the ground is not less than1.5m, so as to ensure good lighting and ventilation effect. Doors and windows are best made of wood. The span is 7-8 meters, and the length of each sheepfold shall not exceed 30 meters according to fire control requirements.
The pen house is made of brick and wood structure, facing south, and has a rectangular layout. In winter, a plastic greenhouse can be built, and exhaust holes are left and right at the top to prevent the humidity in the greenhouse from being too high.
There should be a sports field in front of the pen house, and the area of the sports field is 2 ~ 4 times that of the sheep house. A fixed pool or basin should be placed in the middle of the playground for sheep to drink. There should be a fixed trough or a movable trough around or in the middle. The fixed feeding trough is made of cement or brick. The trough should be wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the trough bottom is round. The movable trough is made of wood.
2.2 Adequate forage is the material basis for fattening mutton sheep. Fattening mutton sheep must be fed grass first, which can be solved by four ways: first, fully collect locally produced seedlings and leaves with high nutrition such as peanut seedlings, sweet potato seedlings, locust leaves and poplar leaves. The second is silage and micro-storage. If it is wheat straw and dry corn straw, you can store it a little. After harvesting corn in autumn, the green straw should be cut short in time for silage. The third is to use the by-products of distiller's grains and dregs, such as distiller's grains, bean curd dregs and powder dregs. Fourth, planting alfalfa, winter grazing 70- rye, grain amaranth and other high-quality pastures.
2.3 Selection of excellent breeds for raising sheep in houses should be combined with the local production practice, and select excellent breeds that adapt to local ecological conditions, have high production performance, good product quality, short feeding cycle and high economic benefits. There are many breeds of sheep and goats that are suitable for house feeding. From the point of view of house feeding, the effect of house feeding for mutton sheep is more obvious. Goats generally choose the hybrid offspring of Boer goat, Shaneng dairy goat and local goat; Sheep should be hybrids of Charolais, Dorset, Suffolk, German Merino and small-tailed Han sheep or local sheep.
2.4 Selection and grouping of fattening sheep Generally speaking, young sheep gain weight faster than old sheep and have a good fattening effect. Lamb 1 ~ 8 months old grows fastest, mainly with long muscles. Choosing weaned lamb as fattening sheep has good meat quality and high benefit. Therefore, generally, after the lambs are weaned and determined as a whole group, the lambs that are not suitable for breeding are grouped according to gender and weight, and fattened in groups. Eliminate adult sheep and fatten them according to age and weight.
2.5 castration, disinfection and deworming generally speaking, male lambs are easy to manage after castration, and the meat is tender and light. Doing a good job of cleaning and disinfection of pens and sanitation during fattening can effectively prevent sheep from getting sick during fattening. It is an important measure to ensure good fattening effect to drive out internal and external parasites of mutton sheep and reduce the influence of parasitic diseases. Insecticides include nitrochlorophenol, thiodichlorophenol and albendazole. These drugs can effectively repel insects by taking 4 mg, 35 ~ 75 ml and 2.5 ~ 3 mg orally per kilogram of body weight respectively.
2.6 Deformed sheep's hooves caused inconvenience in walking and affected feeding, especially for shepherds, which would seriously affect their production performance. Therefore, sheep should be trimmed and reshaped before fattening.
Three: fattening method
The advantage of fattening in house is that it is less affected by natural conditions, and mutton production can be carried out all year round. However, the investment scale is large and the technical level is relatively high.
3. 1 lamb full concentrate fattening technology
3. 1. 1 lamb prepared before fattening 1.5 months old weaned, supplemented with feed before 15 days; Or separate the ewe from the lamb for a period of time in the morning and evening, and let the lamb move in a circle with a fine feed trough and a water fountain. At other times, the mother and the son are still together. The feed should be the same as the fertilizer after weaning. At the beginning of supplementary feeding, the grain can be slightly broken. After getting used to it, it is advisable to feed the whole grain instead of processing it into powder. The ground where lambs move should be dry, rainproof and well ventilated, and a little grass can be spread. The common infectious diseases of lamb fattening are enterotoxemia and hemorrhagic septicemia. Enterotoxemia vaccine can be injected to ewes before lambing or to lambs before weaning.
3. 1.2 Fattening Diet Formula Any grain feed can be used to fatten lambs, but the best effect is high-energy feed such as corn. Practice has proved that the fattening effect of whole grain feed is better than that of broken grain feed, and the fattening effect of compound feed is better than that of feeding a certain grain feed alone, which is mainly manifested in high feed conversion rate and less gastrointestinal diseases. The best feed formula: whole corn 83%, soybean meal 15%, limestone powder 1.4%, salt 0.5%, vitamins and trace elements 0. 1%. Among them, the addition amounts of vitamins and trace elements are: vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E are 5000 international units, 1000 international units and 200mg respectively, cobalt sulfate is 5mg, and potassium iodate is 1 mg. If there is no bean cake, you can use 18% peanut cake instead, and the proportion of corn can be adjusted to 80%.
3. 1.3 Feeding technology Lambs can eat and drink freely. It is best to use a self-made simple automatic feeding trough to feed the feed, so as to avoid the lamb's hooves stepping into the trough, causing feed pollution and reduced feed intake, and expanding the spread of coccidiosis and other germs. The height of the feeding trough should increase with the age of lamb, and it is advisable that the feed in the trough should not accumulate or overflow. If lambs are found to be eating pens, a salt trough should be added to the sports ground, and salt or the same amount of limestone powder should be added to the trough to let the lambs eat freely. Note that at the beginning of eating whole corn, lambs will spit out some corn kernels in their mouths, and with the increase of age, the phenomenon of corn kernels spitting out gradually disappears. Lambs ruminate less in the early stage and more in the late stage, which is a normal phenomenon and does not affect the fattening effect. Under normal circumstances, the feces of lambs are lumpy and yellow, and there are no corn grains in the feces. However, lambs may have loose bowels in weather changes or rainy days. Do not change the feed formula during the whole fattening period.
3. 1.4 The fattening period of lambs released in due course is 50 days. However, the final fattening weight is related to the variety, and the final fattening weight of large lambs at 3 months old can reach more than 35 kg. According to the research, the final fattening weight of fine-wool sheep and non-meat breeds is related to the weaning weight of 1.5 months old. When the weaning weight is 13 ~ 15 kg, the body weight can reach more than 30 kg in 50 days.
3.2 Rapid fattening technology for adult sheep
3.2. 1 Choose big, healthy sheep with good teeth for fattening. The typical diet formula of this fattening method is as follows:
Formula 1: 0.5 kg of gramineous hay, 4.0 kg of silage corn and 0.5 kg of broken grains. This diet contains dry matter 40.60%, crude protein 4. 12%, calcium 0.24%, phosphorus 0. 1 1% and metabolic energy17.974 mj.
Formula 2: Gramineae hay 1 kg, silage corn 0.5 kg, broken grain 0.7 kg. The diet contains 84.55% dry matter, 7.59% crude protein, 0.6% calcium and 0.26% phosphorus, and its metabolic energy is 14.379 MJ. ..
Formula 3: 4 kg of silage corn, 0.5 kg of broken grains, 0/0 g of urea/kloc and 0.5 kg of straw. This diet contains 40.72% dry matter, 3.49% crude protein, 0. 19% calcium, 0.09% phosphorus and 0 17.263 MJ metabolic energy.
Formula 4: 0.5 kg of gramineous hay, 3 kg of silage corn, 0.4 kg of broken grains and 0.8 kg of juicy feed. This diet contains dry matter 40.64%, crude protein 3.83%, calcium 0.22%, phosphorus 0. 1%, and metabolic energy15.884 mj.
3.2.2 Adult mutton sheep or Jie sheep raised in areas with feed processing conditions can use pellet feed. In granular feed, straw and hay powder can account for 55% ~ 60% and concentrate 35% ~ 40%. Two typical dietary formulas are recommended for reference:
Formula 1: 35% grass powder, 44.5% straw, 20% concentrated feed and 0.5% dicalcium phosphate. This formula contains 86% dry matter, 7.2% crude protein, 0.48% calcium and 0.24% phosphorus per kilogram of feed, and the metabolic energy is 6.897 MJ..
Formula 2: Gramineae grass powder 30%, straw 44.5%, concentrate 25% and calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%. This formula contains 86% dry matter, 7.4% crude protein, 0.49% calcium and 0.25% phosphorus per kilogram of feed, and its metabolic energy is 7. 106 MJ.
In order to improve the fattening efficiency, we should make full use of natural pasture, straw, leaves, agricultural and sideline products and various scraps to expand the source of feed. Rational utilization of urea and various additives. In adult sheep diet, urea feed is 2 ~ 3g per 10kg body weight, and minerals and vitamins can account for 3% of concentrate.
3.2.3 Arrange a reasonable feeding system. The daily feeding amount of adult sheep diet varies with different formulas, generally 2.5 ~ 2.7 kg. Feed twice a day, and the distribution and adjustment of daily feeding amount shall be subject to the basic lack of materials in the feeding trough. When feeding granular feed, it is best to use automatic feeding trough to feed, and it is not suitable to open the circle in rainy days. In the afternoon, feed some green hay, 0.25 kg each, to facilitate rumination.
Fourth, do a good job in disease prevention and control. For the diseases of sheep kept in houses, measures should be taken to give priority to prevention and treat them early, and feeding management should be combined with prevention and treatment.
It is necessary to do a good job in feeding hygiene and disinfection. Daily feed and drinking water must be kept clean. Do not feed moldy, spoiled, toxic and foreign bodies. Feeding utensils are always kept clean. Sheep houses and sports fields should be cleaned frequently and disinfected regularly. We should persist in self-cultivation and try not to buy sheep from other places to prevent the spread of the epidemic. If it is really necessary to import from other places, the quarantine system should be strictly implemented, and the animals should be observed in isolation for at least 10 ~ 15 hours, and the animals can adapt only after being confirmed by veterinarians to be free from diseases. Preventive injections should be carried out regularly, such as foot-and-mouth disease, sheep pox, sheep four prevention and other vaccines. Be careful when injecting, count one by one, and do a good job of leak detection and injection. Regular deworming should be carried out once a year in spring and autumn to drive the sheep away from the liver.
After sheep are kept in captivity, the range of activities becomes smaller, which is easy to cause humidity and bad environment in the pen, and often leads to parasitic diseases. Therefore, we should pay attention to the environmental sanitation, ventilation and moisture-proof of sheephouses, and do a good job in the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases such as sheep scabies. Adhere to the health check-up. In the daily feeding management, pay attention to observe the spirit, appetite, exercise, breathing, feces and other conditions of each sheep, check it in time if it is abnormal, and treat it in time if it is sick. When an infectious disease or suspected infectious disease occurs, it should be isolated, observed and treated immediately, and emergency measures such as blockade, isolation and disinfection should be taken according to the epidemic situation and epidemic scope. The corpse should be properly disposed of, buried or burned so as to cut off the pathogen, control the epidemic situation and put it out in time.
Feeding skills, grazing and feeding of fattening sheep 1
(1) sheep tissue. Organizing sheep reasonably can not only save labor, but also facilitate the management of raising sheep. Generally speaking, according to the different grazing conditions in different regions, sheep are organized by gender and age.
Sheep grazing Dolly land edge, roadside woodland, river bank, grazing will be restricted, sheep should not be too large. 30-50 breeding sheep and ewes are a group, 20-40 castrated fattening rams are a group, and about 10 breeding sheep are a group. Farming and pastoral areas and hilly areas may depend on grazing conditions.
(2) Key points of grazing management in different seasons in spring: due to the long dry season in winter and spring, sheep have less fat, and gluttony leads to diarrhea, poisoning by eating poisonous weeds by mistake, or grass swelling (rumen bulging).
(3) Precautions during grazing. Grazing personnel should carry some first-aid medical equipment with them, such as ten drops of water for treating heatstroke and deflated trocar. When grazing, it is forbidden to throw stones at the sheep to prevent them from being frightened. At the same time, pay attention to prevent the invasion of wild animals; Don't let sheep eat frozen grass, bare aquatic plants and moldy grass, and don't drink sewage to prevent overeating.
Step 2 house feeding
Boer sheep and hybrid sheep are more suitable for house feeding, which is also the main way to raise sheep in agricultural areas, and sometimes there are seasonal grazing. Sheep raised by sheep farms and specialized households have special sheephouses and sports fields, and are equipped with feeding troughs and sinks. Pay attention to the following points when raising.
(1) timing, quantitative, qualitative and personal. Feeding sheep on time makes them form conditioned reflex, which is beneficial to digestion and absorption. According to different sheep, determine the amount of grass and feed: be full and not waste; Ensure feed quality and variety; Conditionally prepare compound feed according to feeding standard; The breeder should also be relatively fixed.
2 forage, feed and drinking water should be clean. Don't feed moldy forage. Feed can't bring water. It is best to drink warm water in winter.
?