Naturally growing fruit trees have closed crowns, dense branches, overlapping, cavities and weak trees; Poor lighting and ventilation, serious pests and diseases; The yield is not high, it is easy to bear fruit in different years, and the fruit quality is poor; It is not convenient for fruit harvesting, flower thinning and pest control.
Second, the effect that pruning can achieve.
1, plastic pruning can adjust the relationship between fruit trees and the environment; Regulate the quantity and quality of organ formation; Regulating the absorption, transportation and distribution of nutrients; So as to regulate the relationship between fruit tree growth and fruit bearing. 2. Correct pruning can improve the light condition in the tree, increase the area coefficient of young leaves, and make mature leaves distribute in layers; Form a good leaf curtain structure and make full use of light energy; It can also adjust the relationship between individual structure and group structure of fruit trees, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions of orchards, and use space more effectively.
Pruning can adjust the balance between various parts and organs of the tree. Because pruning, on the premise of not reducing root system and absorption, reducing branches of crown can promote the growth of remaining branches and improve photosynthetic efficiency.
On the other hand, because of pruning, the leaf area is reduced, the total growth is reduced, and the photosynthetic products and nutrients supplied to the root system are also reduced accordingly, which will inhibit the growth of the root system and then affect the growth of the aboveground part.
Therefore, pruning has an inhibitory effect on the whole, and the effect of stimulating growth can only be shown locally, which shows that pruning can adjust the dynamic balance between the aboveground and underground parts of fruit trees.
Pruning can be used to adjust the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so that the two types of organs can maintain a relative balance, thus achieving the goal of stable and high yield.
4. Reasonable pruning can make a certain growth every year, form enough flower buds and bear a certain number of fruits.
When there are few flower buds, the flower buds should be kept as much as possible during pruning to alleviate the vegetative growth potential and promote the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth; When there are many flower buds, it is necessary to sparse flowers and fruits, reduce the amount of fruits, shorten the retraction and promote nutritional growth; At the same time, we can make use of the relative independence of various organs and parts of fruit trees to make some branches grow every year and some branches alternately bear fruit and transform each other, so as to achieve a relative balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
5. Similar organs of fruit trees also have contradictions and compete with each other, which need to be adjusted by pruning.
For branches, we should maintain a certain number, while maintaining a certain proportion of long, medium and short branches. When there are too many long branches, the growth period is long and the growth consumes too much nutrients, which affects the growth of short branches and flower bud differentiation. When there are too few long branches, the overall nutritional growth potential becomes weak, which is not conducive to the production and accumulation of nutrients and is not conducive to growth and fruit. For short branches, the number of excellent short branches should be maintained first, and the short branches with poor quality should be thinned, so that the general short branches can be transformed into excellent short branches. Change.
Conclusion: The essence of pruning is to adjust the relationship between fruit trees and the environment, maintain the quantity and quality of organs, and adjust the absorption, manufacture, distribution and utilization of nutrients by fruit trees, so as to solve the contradiction between fruit trees' growth and fruit, and achieve the goal of high yield year after year. Therefore, pruning must conform to the growth and fruiting habits of fruit trees themselves and be carried out on the basis of good soil, fertilizer and water management.