Ecological habits of Sophora japonica 1
Sophora japonica is a deciduous tree of Ulmus in Leguminosae. It is an adult Sophora japonica with lush foliage, huge crown and obvious shading effect. Moreover, Sophora japonica has a long flowering period and is very ornamental. The leaves of Sophora japonica are very small and pinnate. It belongs to light-loving tree species, and has strong cold tolerance and poor shade tolerance, so wet areas are not conducive to the growth of Sophora japonica. Sophora japonica has good cold tolerance. If there is deep water in the planting area, it will have a negative impact on the growth of Sophora japonica. During the cultivation of Sophora japonica, there is no strict requirement for soil, and it can grow in places with poor soil conditions. However, in order to ensure the good growth of Sophora japonica, sandy soil with rich soil and deep soil layer should be preferred for cultivation, which is more conducive to the healthy growth of Sophora japonica.
2. Planting and cultivation techniques of Sophora japonica
2. 1 Sophora japonica takes root and propagates
(1) Seed preparation. After the leaves of Sophora japonica fall off, the seed roots can be introduced and buried in wet sand to lay a good foundation for planting, but the reasonable humidity of the sand must be ensured, and too much wet sand will cause the seed roots to rot.
(2) Soil preparation. Usually, sandy soil with flat terrain, deep soil layer and fertile soil is selected for planting, and at the same time, drainage and irrigation conditions must be guaranteed, and there is no insect source. Apply organic biological fertilizer (2500kg/667m 2), and reasonably apply phosphate fertilizer and diammonium. In order to control and reduce the harm caused by underground pests, some Funan Dan can be used to kill insects, dig deep into the land, rake it carefully, scientifically and reasonably prepare the soil, and make a ridge with a width of 1m, and then planting can begin.
(3) Raising seedlings. Fully combined with local climate conditions, reasonable selection of seedling time. In the process of seedling raising of Sophora japonica in the south, the main time is in mid-March, and the seedling raising of Sophora japonica in the north is mostly in early April. In the process of seedling raising, two-year-old smooth roots without plant diseases and insect pests are preferred, the root diameter is 5 ~ 10 mm, the roots are set to a reasonable length of 5 ~ 7 cm, furrows are opened in the border, every 50cm 1 seedling ditch, the depth is controlled at 5cm, the plant spacing is set at 30cm, the root position is reasonable, fine sand is covered, and timely watering is carried out. If the temperature and humidity are suitable, seedlings can emerge in about 30 days.
2.2 Cutting propagation of Sophora japonica
(1) cutting time. It is the same time as burying roots to raise seedlings, and it should be carried out in advance reasonably.
(2) Cutting selection. Select lignified hard branches with a diameter of 8 ~ 29 cm as cuttings, cut the branches into 15cm length reasonably, cut an incision at 2m above the spores, and cut an inclined plane at 5cm below the spores, with each bundle set at 50, and soak the lower end of the cuttings in rooting powder (50mL/kg) for 3 ~ 4 hours.
(3) cutting method. Cutting was carried out on the basis of scientific and reasonable soil preparation, the cutting direction was 45, the plant row spacing was set at 20cm×40cm, and plastic film was covered after cutting.
2.3 Seed Propagation of Sophora japonica
(1) Miaodi selection. The first choice for seed propagation is sandy soil with flat terrain, deep and fertile soil layer and superior irrigation and drainage conditions.
(2) seed treatment. ① Seed soaking method: Soak the seeds in water at 80℃, and at the same time, keep stirring and keep lowering the water temperature. When the temperature drops to 45℃, don't stir at this time, soak for 24 hours to make the seeds swell completely, then take them out for later use, and cover them with grass curtains to accelerate germination. When the seed germination rate reaches 20%, the sowing work can be started. ② Sand storage method: This work is generally carried out before sowing 15d. After the seeds are soaked for 24 hours, start to store sand, and the humidity of the sand should be kept at about 60%. According to the ratio of 1:3, the seeds and sand were fully mixed, put in into the pit, covered with plastic film, turned over every day, kept moderate, and the seed germination rate could reach 50%.
(3) Sowing method. The first half of April in spring is the suitable time for sowing Sophora japonica. The sowing amount is controlled by 12kg/667m 2, and the sowing is carried out in the form of ridge planting. The width of ridge bottom should be 30cm or 50cm, and the ridge spacing should be 70cm. After sowing, the corresponding suppression work should be carried out to ensure the close combination of seeds and soil, which is more conducive to seed germination and growth.
3 Sophora japonica planting management
3. 1 Sow in time
In general, the seeds can germinate after 7 days, and the seedlings can basically be full, about 14d. In the process of sowing, when Sophora japonica grows to two or three true leaves, the plastic film is removed, and when Sophora japonica seedlings grow to the height of 15cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and 8000 seedlings are fixed.
3.2 Transplantation management
After 3-4 years of growth, the seedlings can leave the nursery for greening. Because there are dense shoots at the top of the seedlings, the spacing is short, which is easy to cause the trunk to bend. In the second year, the standard grade can be transplanted according to the plant spacing of 50cm×70cm, and at the same time, it can be cut off at 5cm from the ground. The germination rate of Sophora japonica is very high. In the second year, many new buds sprouted on the trunk. When the growth length of branches reaches 20cm, the upright branches are cultivated as main branches, and all the others are removed, which is more conducive to the growth of main branches.
3.3 Fertilizer and water management
Fully combine the local climate and soil conditions to ensure the rationality of watering. Generally, water is poured 2 ~ 3 times from seedling stage to rainy season, and 1 time is poured before soil freezing in winter. Apply organic fertilizer at a rate of 3000kg/667m 2 before sowing. In the vigorous growth period of Sophora japonica, it is very beneficial to apply some nitrogen fertilizer reasonably during watering.
3.4 Plastic dressing
According to the actual growth of seedlings, the seedlings can be trimmed reasonably, which can be set as cup-shaped, natural or joyful. For example, in the process of shaping and pruning Sophora japonica, the main branches, upright branches and terminal buds should be kept reasonably, and other lateral branches should be cut off to promote the natural growth of seedlings and form a good crown shape. When the growth height of Sophora japonica seedlings reaches 3m, the stem is fixed with a natural heart shape, and 3 ~ 4 branches with good growth and suitable angle are reserved to cultivate the main branch, while all other lateral branches and buds are removed. After winter, the main branches will be cut short, leaving 50cm to promote the germination of secondary branches and cultivate the crown. If cup pruning is used, it is necessary to keep three main branches after the main stem is fixed, and in the pruning process after winter, two side branches on the main branches are shortened and six branchlets are kept. In the process of rapid growth in summer, coring should be done to control its virtual length. In the second year, the two branches on the short shoots were cultivated into a cup shape of "three strands of six weights 12 branches".
4 pest control
The main diseases in the growth of Sophora japonica are powdery mildew, canker and rot. In the process of prevention and control, wet powder of special bacteria-returning department can be used to prepare and spray according to 600-800 times of solution, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be selected to prepare and spray according to 800- 1000 times of solution. The main pests in the growth of Sophora japonica are aphids, armyworms, inchworms and American moths. 2.0% avermectin EC can be sprayed at 3000 ~ 4000 times, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC can be prepared at 1500 times.
5 conclusion
In order to ensure the survival rate of Sophora japonica, gardeners should have a full understanding of the cultivation techniques of Sophora japonica, use advanced cultivation techniques to cultivate Sophora japonica, and strengthen cultivation management to ensure the survival rate of Sophora japonica, thus creating more ecological and social values.