Walnut grafting pruning method
The pruning of technical backbone branches and outfield branches is prone to blind branches on the back due to the widening of technical backbone branches for many years, the position deviation and the slack production machinery. At the beginning of full fruit, the branches expand again, and a solid framework should be shaped again. Immediately manipulate the branches behind the head to keep the treetops upward. When the branches don't need to be widened, they can constantly change their faces and manipulate them to expand outward. For trees with rich growth and development, the additional branches are generally upturned, and the main branches stand upright, so it is necessary to use the back branches to change the perspective.
When the trunk is large, you can manipulate the height of the tree, gradually lower the head to the top with trident branches, and replace the source with the top branches. The purpose is to reduce the height of trees and improve the transparency of natural ventilation. If the branches of the trunk are squeezed too tightly in the field, they should be retracted and thinned immediately, because the branches in the field are squeezed too tightly, which will lead to insufficient sunshine in the inner room. The shaping and pruning of fruit branches. On the basis of shaping at the initial fruiting stage, reshape the fruiting branches again and do a good job of upgrading and promoting roots. Results The distribution of branches should be large, medium and small, with a distribution range of 0.6- 1.0 m..
Results The methods of shaping the branches were as follows: ① transforming the large, medium and small auxiliary branches planted on the technical backbone branches into large, medium and small branches through retraction and regeneration; (2) Using the branches with strong growth and development, choose the method of putting them first and then shrinking them, find the whole weakness by bending, and leave the straight branches flat, so as to shape small and medium-sized fruit branches; (3) In summer, the blind branches in the inner chamber were fused and topped, and they were renewed and transformed into branchlets.
In the pruning of the fruiting branch group, the opposite strong branch group should be sparsely clustered; For the declining branches that have borne fruit for many years, they should be retracted and upgraded immediately to promote new buds; If the branch group is too short, because it can't capture the proper indoor space, solve the problem of increasing the head and cutting it short, so as to promote prosperity and broaden forward; Proper retraction of hair branches on both sides can promote the growth and development of branches; It can make the branches that are too strong and too dense shrink and sparse, improve the permeability, make the thick branches bend and widen, and inhibit the branch yellow leaf disease; Short fruiting branches and male branches and leaves with weak growth in the raw branch group should be thinned immediately to promote the robust growth and development of the fruiting branch group and increase the fruiting year. Medium-long fruit branches have good ability to bear fruit continuously and should not be cut short. Utilization of blind branches. After the walnut tree enters the high-yield period, many blind branches are easily germinated in the inner cavity. If there is space, it can be retracted immediately after branching, regenerated and transformed into fruiting branches to enrich the inner room, fill the indoor space and improve the fruiting position. For shaping the fruiting branch group of blind branches, it is better to choose the branch group with medium growth and length of 60-80 cm, which should be put off for one year and retracted at the suitable hair branch in the second year. Erect branches that have grown in the chamber for many years, such as branches with higher height, will endanger the sunlight exposure of the chamber, and should be quickly retracted, straightened and leveled, and grow obliquely.
The back branch is solved. However, the back branches planted on the first layer of main branches are prone to post-pulling, and can be drained from the tip in the early stage. The back branch of the main branch at the upper end of the trunk can decide what to do according to the perspective and size of the main branch. The large opening angle should be thinned out, and the small opening angle can replace the source and expand the opening angle of the technical backbone branch. For those whose upward trend has eased and buds have been produced, they can be moderately retracted after fruiting and updated into fruiting branches.
Grafting method of walnut tree
The selection of grafting time can also be based on the growth and development of local walnut trees at the end of April and the beginning of May in the lunar calendar, that is, the length of newly picked branches is about one foot, which can be shorter in dry land and mountainous areas. However, the superior parent plant of small walnut to be grafted is too early and tender, and it is not good to survive when the eggs reach the table tennis competition.
The choice of glued wood and scion, young walnut trees with strong growth demand from one year to many years can also be replaced by old trees, which should be trimmed in advance to make grafting convenient. Scions can be used to select the branches of walnut excellent seed mother plant (so that grafting method can survive at the beginning and bear fruit in the second year) or to find the branches of walnut excellent seed mother plant bearing fruit in the second year.
The graf method comprises that follow steps: taking a scion with a length of 5-9 cm (depending on the density of ear bud), leaving 1-2 round buds on the upper side, forming a wedge shape under the scion, having a thin tip and a smooth inclined plane; Embedding 4-6 leaves on glued wood, cutting off tender tips, cutting off slopes with better length, and inserting scions. The thickness of scions and glued wood is preferably equal.
If it doesn't survive after the second grafting method, it will be replanted by edge-sealing bud grafting in mid-May. The specific method is to take the newly pulled branches from the superior parent plant as scions, and immediately cut off the leaves and tender shoots after cutting them. Take a round bud and cut it left and right. All buds are 2 ~ 4cm long and 1 ~ 2cm wide. Don't take it off after cutting. Just cut off the roots of the same size in the middle of 1 ~ 2 leaves that are not connected with the glued wood. Pay attention to leave a stainless steel sink with a width of 1mm under the root of the tree for survival. Then quickly remove the bud pieces from the scion and stick them on the glued wood, and also use plastic film bandages.
The following management methods: clean up the budding stage on the glued wood anytime and anywhere, immediately replenish water and moisturize in dry season, and check and bind the scion when the budding stage is more than one foot long, and eliminate it when it harms the normal growth and development of branches. Just follow all normal liquid fertilizer management methods in the future. Be sure to pin the scion quickly, so that you don't have to leave the locked scion in the air for too long, and so do the buds. Be sure to use scions while picking, and cut off leaves and tender tips immediately after cutting to prevent water shortage.
Suitable cutting method of walnut tree
The pruning stage of walnut trees is different from other greening plants. If the staging is unreasonable, there will be "bleeding", which will make the trunk nutrient outflow and lead to trunk decline. Under normal circumstances, pruning will be carried out in the dormant state and no bleeding period. According to the experiment, it can also be divided into four pruning stages: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Different pruning stages have different problems, and the actual effect of pruning is also different.
In a word, the pruning of walnut trees should follow the following aspects: increasing the pruning range of summer pruning and doing a good job of management after pruning. Autumn and winter pruning are closely combined, with long branches in autumn and long branches in winter. Growers can choose the appropriate pruning period in the local area according to their own specific conditions.