brief introduction
Xiandao Bridge is located in Ruanshe, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, parallel to Xiaoshao Canal, commonly known as Baikong Guantang Bridge, also known as Tiesuo Bridge. The long bridge composed of stone slabs and piers is mainly used by trackers to pull fibers, and can also be used for ships to shelter from the wind when the wind and waves are heavy. Because it was built in the Tang Dynasty, this bridge type is the only one in China, so it is listed as a national cultural relics protection unit. Reconstruction in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty (1862- 1874). The inscription of Xiandao Bridge says: "From Taiping Bridge to Banqiao, there are 28 1 caves such as Tang Lu, Yuyu and baodai bridge. On September 8, Guangxu, squires Zhang Wenzhen and Zhang rebuilt, craftsmen and Zhou Dabao repaired. " This bridge is a super-long stone pier Liang Shi Bridge. The total length is 386.2m, and it consists of 1 15 Liang Shi Bridge, of which 2 holes are high holes and the rest are low holes, with a clear distance of 2m. The bridge deck consists of three stone strips with a width of1.5m, and the piers are built in Shi Gan. The bridge is low, close to the water surface, and only the 45th span at the east end is high, which can be used by ships. There used to be a tea kiosk on both sides of the bridge, but now it is abandoned.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it is now well preserved. This bridge is an integral part of Ke Qiao section of Guantang Optical Fiber Road of the East Zhejiang Canal. Now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. In Shaoxing's famous Ke Yan Scenic Area.
architectural feature
Shaoxing Xiandao Bridge is the only remaining bridge in China with its unique conception, exquisite architecture and poetic flavor.
Xiandao Bridge was built on the south side of Ruanshe section of Xixing Canal excavated by He Xun in Jin Dynasty. The existing Zhouzhi Highway Bridge was built in the 10th year of Tang and Yuan Dynasties (8 15), when Meng Jian, an observer in eastern Zhejiang, renovated the canal, and the bridge was more than a hundred miles long. Among them, Ruanshe section runs from Shuangmei to Xie Qiao in the east and Banqiao in Qian Qing in the west, with a total length of 7 160m. It includes Liang Shi Bridge with 1285 span, with a clear span of 2m. The bridge deck is made of three stones, with a width of1.5m. The pier is made of Shi Gan, which is low near the water surface and 45 spans high at the east end, allowing ships to pass.
Xiandao Bridge in Shaoxing, built in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1862 ~ 1874), is unique in that it runs parallel to the river surface and runs through the wide river surface. The bridge is 386.2m long, with *** 1 15 holes, and the clear distance of each hole is 2m. There are piers built by Shi Gan, and the bridge deck is made of stones. This bridge is the channel for the fiber puller to pull the fiber and the road to the market town.
Construction reason and function
Fiber bridge is named after its function, that is, it was made by pulling fibers in ancient times. "Fiber channel" refers to the water channel erected on the water surface and connected by stone bridges. It is used by trackers to carry optical fibers and avoid wind and waves. The Trailer's Road is located on the Hangzhou-Ningbo Canal near Qianqing Town, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. It runs through Shaoxing from east to west and is a bridge for ancient people to row boats and carry fibers.
This bridge was built because the canal river is very wide and it needs to pull the optical fiber forward and sail against the current, so it was specially built for pulling the optical fiber by the fiber puller, commonly known as the "optical fiber bridge".
On the one hand, when encountering heavy wind and waves, ships can enter shallow waters through the bridge opening to avoid the wind and waves, so it is called "avoiding ponds". On the other hand, because most of these bridges were built by the government, they are also called "official roads" and "official ponds", commonly known as "hundred-hole official ponds".
What makes the optical fiber bridge unique is that it spans the Xiaoshao Canal, and the bridge deck is parallel to the canal and runs through a wide river. The fiber track is built at a low water level, and pedestrians can carry fibers on it. In the case of heavy wind and waves, the influence of wind and waves on ships can be offset and dispersed.
The existing Zhouba Road was built in the 10th year of Tang Yuanhe (AD 8 15) when Meng Jian made a large-scale renovation and dredging of the East Zhejiang Canal. Because the river is wide and convenient for boating, the riverbank has become a channel for people to row. In the 9th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1883), the Xiandao Bridge was rebuilt on a large scale. In the old days, Zhoushan Highway Bridge started from Qianqingjiang River in the west and Cao 'e River in the east, with a total length of 75 kilometers. Among them, the Ruanshe section starts from Shuangmei to Xie Qiao in the east and reaches Banqiao in Qian Qing in the west, with a total length of 7654,38+0.60 m, consisting of 654,38+0.285 spans across Liang Shi Bridge, with a low span of 2 m; The bridge deck is composed of three stone strips with a width of1.5m; ; The pier is made of stone, and the pier thickness is1.5m. The roadbed of the slipway highway bridge is made of stone, and the Liang Shi bottom of the bridge is low, only about 0.5m above the water level. The 45 spans at the eastern end of the bridge are relatively high and can be used by ships. Between the piers, connect them with stone slabs and build a flat bridge on the water.
At both ends of the Chuanji Highway Bridge, there are two primitive tea kiosks, which were once destroyed. 1949 post-decoration, unique to China.
According to the records in the eighth volume of Yuejueshu, this section of Zhouzhi Road was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Zhejiang Canal from Dongkuo Gate in Shaoxing to Cao 'e River is an "Yinshan Ancient Canal" formed in the ancient Yue period. According to the records in Volume 4 of Jiaqing's Shanyin County Records, the western section of Zhoumao Road was excavated in the Western Jin Dynasty, and dredging works have been carried out for many years since then. Cao 'e River can be reached in the east, which is connected with the west section. During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Liang, the magistrate of Shanyin County, paved a fiber path with hard large bluestone, which ran from Hongqiao to Qianjiang, with a total length of about 20 kilometers. Later, it was built in Kangxi, Xianfeng and Guangxu periods. In the Qing Dynasty, Qi once described the scenery of Zhouzhi Road with "white jade long dike road, small boat painted canopy".
Today, a 3500-meter-long optical fiber bridge from Ke Hua Bridge West to Hutang Banqiao is sometimes built near the water and along the coast; Sometimes it is built with water on both sides. They are separated from each other and connected with each other, which is a part of the road of shipwright, and various forms are preserved here. Along the canal, the waterfront is like a jade belt, winding to the extreme of water, forming a beautiful scenery of roads, bridges, water and ships.
Masonry method
Masonry methods of boat-rail highway bridges can be divided into two categories: "building along the coast with one side facing water" and "building with two sides facing water and breaking water". The latter is divided into "solid masonry type" and "Liang Shi flat bridge type". Most of the eastern section of Xianfu Road belongs to the way of "building along the coast while facing the water". At Jingkou Bridge, about 5 kilometers from Fan Jiang to East Lake, there are still some well-preserved stone embankments. This masonry method is used in places where the river is not too wide. The west section of Zhouqiao Road, from Shangxie Bridge to Hutang Banqiao in the town east of Ke Qiao, is about 7.5 kilometers long. There is a A Liang stone bridge or arch bridge across the canal every 500 meters on the boating road near the water on both banks, and ships pass through the bridge opening of the stone pier. When encountering wind and waves, the ship can approach the optical fiber channel or take shelter in the raised bridge opening to avoid danger.
In places with deep water and wide rivers, the construction method of "breaking water and laying stones" is often adopted, and there are three intact places: Eighteen Dongtou, baodai bridge Section and Dai Yu Bridge Section. Every 2.36 m ~ 2.75 m, build a pier. Between the piers, three Liang Longshi (3.37m ~ 3.5 1 m, 0.49m ~ 0.52m, 0.28m thick) will be placed on the shelf. The bridge deck will be paved with large stones about 1.5m wide.
The method of laying "solid masonry" fiber track is: first, fill the subgrade, stagger the paving stones between the stone cracks, and then lay the slate on the surface. It is also stacked by the method of "one shun and one ding", and then laid horizontally with slate, which is about 1m above the water level.
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