1. Seed collection. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds begin to be harvested in mid-August, and seedling seeds are harvested 5-10 days later than edible seeds. Collect seeds from middle-aged trees that are 10 to 20 years old. Dry them while harvesting, but do not overexpose them. Then spread them out in a cool and ventilated place and let them dry for 1-2 days. If dried in the shade, the accumulation should not be too thick to prevent mildew. There are many varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. It is necessary to choose high-quality, fast-growing and high-yielding varieties for planting and breeding.

2. Seed treatment. After the seeds are collected, they should not be left in the air for too long and should be processed as soon as possible. There are two methods: ⑴ Sand hiding: After threshing the seeds, hide them in sand immediately. If it is delayed for a long time, the germination power will be reduced; if it is delayed later than the end of December, it will be difficult to germinate again. ⑵Storage of mixed mud cakes: After threshing the seeds, mix 2 times of loess to make mud cakes. The mud cakes can be stored or wet. The next spring, dissolve the mud cake with water, remove the seeds, and mix with sand to accelerate germination. After about 15-20 days, if there are a few seeds cracked, they can be sown.

3. Sowing. Autumn sowing is best, and spring sowing must be done with the previous method for germination. Before sowing, apply enough fertilizer and water, and when the humidity is moderate, prepare the soil carefully. Use a low-bed drill with a row spacing of 40 cm. Then spray water with a fine-eye watering can. The amount of water should be moderate to prevent hardening, and then cover with film. The seeding rate per acre is 7.5-10 kg. ?

4. Care and management. Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings emerge slowly, taking 30-45 days to emerge. From sowing to emergence of seedlings, the bed surface should always be kept moist and warm conditions should be maintained. Therefore, mulching after sowing is most appropriate. When there is a drought, peel off the film and spray water. After spraying, cover it again and press it well to prevent wind. When the seedlings are 3-10 cm tall, thin out the seedlings in 2-3 times. The distance between seedlings should be 10-15 cm, and the seedlings should be staggered within the sowing width.

When the seedlings are growing vigorously from July to early August, topdress 2-3 times, loosen the soil frequently, and pay attention to drainage to prevent waterlogging. In summer, yellow swallowtail butterfly larvae are often harmful, which can be controlled manually or sprayed with phoxim, deltamethrin and other chemicals. When the seedlings are about 1 cm tall, they can be planted out of the nursery.

When to plant pepper trees?

Autumn sowing is before the soil freezes, and spring sowing is usually from mid-March to early April, when the soil temperature at 10 cm above the ground reaches 8 to 10°C. The nursery land should be fertilized with sufficient base fertilizer, plowed deeply, leveled to make a border, and irrigated with water. Drill sow, with a row spacing of 20 to 25 cm, and a mulch thickness of 1 cm. Then cover the border surface with a thin layer of grass or plastic mulch to keep the border surface moist. Remove the covering after the seedlings emerge. The seeding rate is 4 to 16 kilograms per mu.

Extended information:

1. Planting methods

Panthoxylum bungeanum trees are drought-resistant and barren, and are especially suitable for planting on terraces, edge fields, wasteland, and around orchards.

Scientific planting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees is also an effective way to improve the ecological environment and increase farmers' income.

2. Expand the hole and fertilize

After the soil thaws in early spring, dig the soil around the root system of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree 30-50 cm deep, and apply about 30 kg of organic fertilizer to each plant; in mid-April During the budding period and after fruit picking in late July, apply 0.4 kg of standardized fertilizer to each plant. Water thoroughly after fertilizing.

Mulping and warming: Film mulching has a good effect of moisturizing and warming. It can generally increase the ground temperature by about 3℃, which is beneficial to root development and growth. Mulching should be carried out promptly after hole expansion and fertilization. The soil should be finely ground and dried along the tree rows, slightly higher near the trunk, and the covering area should be slightly larger than the outer edge of the crown. The junction of the two pieces of mulch film should be compacted with soil, the mulch film should be flattened as close to the ground as possible, and the surrounding area should be sealed tightly with soil. At the end of April, cover the film with 5 cm thick fine soil to prevent weeds from growing and extend the service life of the mulch film.

3. Foliar spray fertilizer

Use a mixed solution of 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea. Spray fertilizer on the leaves 6 times a year, spraying the first time during the flowering period. , spray the second time 10 days after flowering, spray the third time 10 days apart, and spray once in early and mid-July and after the fruit is harvested.

Pruning and rejuvenation: In summer, pruning should be carried out in conjunction with the harvesting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Prune off some large branches and diseased and insect-infested branches of weakened trees, and remove excess large branches in autumn. Finally, each tree retains 5-7 main branches. At the same time, the dense branches in the crown are appropriately thinned out. The thinning amount generally does not exceed 25%, and the branches are shrunk. Cut some weak branches to the point of strong buds; the medium and short branches of Zhongyong trees are generally not shortened, but mainly sparse, and attention should be paid to protecting the top buds, and the long fruit branches should be shortened appropriately to retain the large buds.

4. Harvesting

Harvest time and method: The maturity period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruits is generally from the beginning of autumn to the end of summer. When the Zanthoxylum bungeanum is mature,

the peel will be purple-red or light red, with raised sutures and a small amount of cracking, and the seeds will be black and shiny. You can smell the strong hemp aroma. This is the most suitable harvesting period. The fruits are usually picked by hand or cut with scissors.

5. Fruit ear picking

Plucking strong branch fruit ears: There is a full bud between the first leaf axils under the big pepper ear. This bud is the fruiting bud for the next year. It needs to be Protect them properly. When picking pepper ears, be sure not to remove them along with the axillary buds to avoid affecting next year's yield.

Plucking of weak branches and ears: The first bud under the weak branches and ears is not fully developed; the second or third buds are relatively strong and should be retained during picking. , otherwise it will affect the output in the second year.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Panthoxylum bungeanum tree