Fig selection can be divided into Xia Guo special species, autumn fruit special species and summer and autumn fruit dual-purpose species. Generally, Xia Guo or autumn fruit special varieties with strong cold resistance, high yield, large fruit, bright color and good flavor are selected for economic cultivation. Courtyard cultivation is mainly convenient for people to eat. You can choose summer and autumn fruits with long fruiting period, high sugar content and good flavor, such as green husk. Generally, seedlings should have more than 5 long roots, with developed roots, no diseases and full buds.
2 Soil preparation
Figs need loose and fertile soil to grow. Bricks, tiles and stones should be removed from the soil before planting. In autumn, a pit with a length, width and depth of about 1 m should be dug, and the topsoil and subsoil should be separated. Then, the topsoil should be backfilled with organic fertilizer and then watered with water. When the soil sinks into the water, it should be filled with subsoil. After the accumulation and weathering of rain and snow in winter, the soil becomes loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the growth of fig roots, or filling tree holes with sand to improve the soil.
3 timely sowing
The best time for cuttage planting of Ficus carica is between Qingming and Grain Rain, and it can also be planted after defoliation in autumn. Dig a small hole in the hole dug and backfilled last autumn, put the seedlings in the hole, let the roots fully extend and cover the ground, lift the seedlings gently, then fill them and step on them, so that the roots of the seedlings are slightly higher than the surrounding areas. After planting, make a tree tray 50~60 cm away from the trunk and water it. The planting height of the courtyard is generally1.5 ~ 2 m.
4 plastic decoration
Figs usually form multiple main branches in the courtyard in a natural and happy way. After the seedlings are planted, fix the stems at 60~80 cm. After the seedlings grow new branches, the new branches with proper orientation are selected as the main branches, and the remaining new branches are used as auxiliary branches after coring, and the redundant branches are removed. The selected main branches should be patchwork and try not to overlap. When pruning in the next winter, we should pay attention to adjusting the balance between the main branches. The pruning amount of strong branches is slightly heavier, and the pruning amount of weak branches is slightly lighter. A year is less than 40 centimeters long, which is not too short. In general, there are many outer buds left in the cutting buds of main branches and extended branches, but if they are weak branches or branches with large angles, they can also leave inner buds. In order to balance the growth among the main branches and strive to be robust, the robust new branches near the extension branches of the main branches should be controlled or thinned in time, and the remaining new branches can be reserved as side branches with appropriate angles.
Pruning after the third year is mainly to enlarge the crown, balance the growth of main branches and lateral branches, select and retain auxiliary branches, and make full use of space, light and heat resources. After the tree is completed, it is mainly through maintaining pruning to maintain the balance of tree potential. Remove useless branches in time; If you use long branches, you should pick the heart as soon as possible to promote the enrichment and germination of the branches. Because fig branches are weak, the branches in the crown are generally not too crowded, so the degree of thinning should be as light as possible. For varieties with autumn fruits, the bearing branches should not be cut short, otherwise the yield will be affected. Dead branches damaged by freezing in winter should be cut off in time, and long branches with appropriate positions should be selected for replacement, so as not to reduce the fruiting parts and affect the yield.
5 Fertilizer and water management
From early spring to late autumn, apply organic fertilizer (chicken manure is the best) and add appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate. Top dressing once in early summer, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, watering and burying after application.