A. Under normal circumstances, the receptor can be sensitive to various types of stimuli.

B. External receptors are distributed in skin, mucosa, visual organs and auditory organs.

C. Endoreceptors receive the stimulation generated when the body moves and the balance changes.

D. Special receptors are distributed in muscles, tendons, joints, viscera and cardiovascular system.

E. general receptors are distributed in the head.

2. About the viewer, the correct statement is:

A. Eye accessories are the main part of visual devices.

B. Each eye socket is in the shape of a quadrangular cone, and the inner side walls cross backwards to form a 90? corner

C the included angle between the inner side walls of the ipsilateral orbit is 45?

D. the accessory organs of the eye are connected with the orbital wall through fascia.

The line from the center of the pupil to the fovea of the retina is called the eye axis.

3. The following statement about sclera is wrong:

A. The anterior sclera is connected with the corneal limbus, and the posterior sclera is connected with the optic nerve dura sheath.

B. It invaginates slightly outward at the junction of sclera and cornea, which is called corneal sulcus.

C sclera is the thickest near the optic nerve outlet, gradually thinning forward, and the thinnest near the equator of the eyeball.

D. the sclera of the elderly is slightly yellow due to fat deposition.

E. congenital sclera is thin and blue.

4. The following statement about ocular vascular membrane is wrong:

A. rich blood vessels and lack of pigment cells

B. The ciliary body is the thickest part in the middle of the vascular membrane.

C is located outside the transition zone between sclera and cornea.

D. On the horizontal section of the eyeball, the ciliary body is triangular.

E. choroid can nourish intraocular tissues and absorb scattered light.

5. The following statement about eye ornaments is wrong:

A eyelashes can prevent dust from entering the eyes and weaken strong light.

B. If eyelashes grow on the cornea, they are called trichiasis, which can cause keratitis and ulcers.

C. Acute inflammation of eyelash hair follicle or eyelash gland is called sty.

D Eyelid can be divided into four layers from shallow to deep: skin, subcutaneous tissue, tarsal plate and eyelid conjunctiva.

E eyelid infection, nephritis and other diseases are often accompanied by eyelid edema.

6. The statement about the inner ear is wrong:

The inner ear is located in the petrous bone of the temporal bone, between the tympanum and the bottom of the internal auditory canal.

B. The space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth is filled with external lymph, while the membranous labyrinth is filled with internal lymph, and the internal and external lymph are not communicated with each other.

C bone labyrinths are arranged from front to back along the long axis of temporal bone petrosal bone, and communicate with each other.

D, the cochlear duct is located in the cochlea, and the cochlear duct is coiled around the cochlear axis for two and a half times.

E. The lower wall of the cochlear duct is the vestibular wall (vestibular membrane) of the cochlear duct, which separates the vestibular step from the cochlear duct.

Reference answer and analysis

1. Answer B. Analysis: (1) This question examines the knowledge point of systematic anatomy-an overview of receptors. (2) Under normal circumstances, receptors are only sensitive to a certain stimulus (A- error), such as the specific stimulus of retina is light with a certain wavelength, and the specific stimulus of cochlea is sound with a certain wavelength. Generally speaking, receptors can be divided into three categories according to their positions and sources of stimuli: ① External receptors: distributed in skin, mucous membrane, visual organs and auditory organs, and sensing stimuli from the external environment (B pair); ② Endoreceptors: distributed in internal organs and cardiovascular system, receiving physical and chemical stimuli from the internal environment; ③ proprioceptors: position receptors distributed in muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments and inner ear. It receives the stimulation (C-error) produced by the changes of body movement and balance. According to the degree of specialization, receptors can also be divided into the following two categories: ① General receptors: e-faults distributed throughout the body, such as pain receptors, temperature receptors, tactile receptors and baroreceptors distributed in the skin; Receptors distributed in muscles, tendons, joints and cardiovascular system; ② Special receptors: distributed in the head, including vision, hearing, smell, taste and balance receptors (D error). Therefore, choose B in this question.

2. Answer C. Analysis: (1) This question examines the knowledge points of systematic anatomy-vision-eyeball. (2) The eyepiece consists of eyeball and eyepiece accessories. The eyeball is the main part of the visual device (a mistake), which is approximately spherical and located in the orbit. Each eye socket is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, the inner side walls are almost parallel (B-shaped staggered), and the outer side walls intersect 90? . The angle between the medial and lateral walls of the ipsilateral orbit is 45? (c right). The eyeball is connected to the orbital wall through fascia (D-malocclusion), and the posterior part is connected to the diencephalon chiasma through optic nerve. The straight line from the pupil center to the fovea of retina is called visual axis (E- dislocation), and the visual axis intersects with the visual axis at an acute angle. Therefore, this question chooses C.

3. Answer B. Analysis: (1) This question examines the knowledge points of systematic anatomy-vision-sclera. (2) After occupying the fibrous membrane of eyeball, 5/6 sclera is milky, opaque, thick and tough, which can protect eyeball contents and maintain eyeball shape. The anterior sclera is connected with the limbus corneae, and the posterior sclera is continuous with the dural sheath of the optic nerve (a pair). Scleral sulcus (type B malocclusion) is slightly invaginated on the outside of the junction of sclera and cornea. In the scleral parenchyma near the corneal limbus, there is an annular scleral venous sinus, which is the channel for aqueous humor to flow out. The sclera is the thickest near the optic nerve outlet, gradually thinning forward, and the thinnest near the equator of the eyeball (C pair); The attachment of extraocular muscle thickens again. The anterior sclera exposed to eye fissure is normally milky white, and yellow is often an important sign of jaundice; The sclera of the elderly is slightly yellow due to fat deposition (D pair); Congenital sclera is thin and blue (E pair). Therefore, choose B in this question.

4. Answer C. Analysis: (1) This question examines the knowledge points of system anatomy-visual device-eyeball wall. (2) The blood vessel wall of eyeball is rich in blood vessels and pigment cells, which are brownish black and have the functions of nourishing intraocular tissues and shading (a pair). The ciliary body is the thickest part in the middle of the vascular membrane (B pair), which is located on the inner surface of the transition between sclera and cornea (C wrong). Its back is flat, it is a ciliary ring, and its front has folds protruding inward and arranged radially, called ciliary process, which sends out ciliary zonules connected with the lens. On the horizontal section of the eyeball, the ciliary body is triangular (D pairs). The ciliary body contains ciliary muscles innervated by parasympathetic nerves. The ciliary body can adjust the curvature of the lens and produce aqueous humor. Choroid occupies the last 2/3 of the vascular membrane, which is rich in blood vessels and pigments. The outer surface is loosely connected with the sclera, the inner surface is close to the retinal pigment layer, and the optic nerve passes through the back. Choroid can nourish intraocular tissues and absorb scattered light (E pair). Therefore, this question chooses C.

5. Answer D. Analysis: (1) This question examines the knowledge point of systematic anatomy-visual-eye attachments. (2) There are 2-3 rows of eyelashes at the eyelid margin, and the upper and lower eyelashes are bent forward. The upper eyelid eyelashes are hard and long, and the lower eyelid eyelashes are short and few. Eyelashes can prevent dust from entering the eyes and weaken the strong light (a pair). If the eyelashes grow to the cornea, it is called trichiasis, which can cause keratitis and ulcer (B pair). There are eyelash glands at the root of eyelashes and eyelid glands near the eyelid margin. Acute inflammation of eyelash hair follicle or eyelash gland is called sty (C pair). Eyelid can be divided into five layers from shallow to deep: skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle layer, meibomian and eyelid conjunctiva (D-mistake). The eyelid skin is thin and the subcutaneous tissue is loose, which can be swollen due to water accumulation or bleeding. Diseases such as eyelid infection and nephritis are often accompanied by eyelid edema (E pair). The muscle layer is mainly the eyelid of orbicularis oculi muscle, which contracts and closes the eyelid fissure. During eyelid surgery, the incision should be parallel to the direction of orbicularis oculi muscle fibers to facilitate healing. Therefore, choose D in this question.

6. Answer D. Analysis: (1) This question examines the knowledge points of system anatomy-vestibulocochlear-inner ear. (2) The inner ear is located between the petrous part of the temporal bone, the tympanum and the bottom of the internal auditory canal (a pair). Its irregular shape and complex structure, also known as labyrinth, are composed of bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth. The space between bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth is filled with external lymph, membranous labyrinth is filled with internal lymph, and the internal and external lymph are not communicated with each other (B pair). Labyrinthine bone is an irregular cavity surrounded by the bone density of petrous part of temporal bone, which is divided into three parts: cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canal of bone, which are arranged from front to back in sequence along the long axis of petrous part of temporal bone and connected with each other (C pairs). Cochlear canal is located in the cochlea. The cochlear duct wraps around the cochlear axis for two and a half times (D pairs), its vestibular end is connected with the balloon through the connecting tube, and the top end finally reaches the cochlear tip, which is the blind end, so the cochlear duct is a blind tube. On the horizontal section, the cochlear duct is triangular and has an upper wall, an outer wall and a lower wall: ① The upper wall is the vestibular wall (vestibular membrane) of the cochlear duct, which separates the vestibular phase from the cochlear duct (E- mistaken); ② The lateral wall is the thickened periosteum on the inner surface of cochlear spiral tube, which is rich in blood vessels, and is called vascular stria, which is generally considered to be related to the production of endolymph. ③ The inferior wall consists of the spiral plate of bone and the tympanic wall of cochlear spiral tube (spiral membrane, also called basement membrane), which is separated from the tympanic step. There is a spiral organ on the spiral membrane, also called Corti organ, which is an auditory receptor. Therefore, choose D in this question.