1: Michelin C3M technology
Command+control+communication and management. Integrated system of command, control, communication and manufacturing.
C3M has the following five technical points: ① Continuous low-temperature mixing; (2) directly pressing out the rubber piece; (3) weaving/winding the skeleton layer on the forming drum; ④ Pre-vulcanized annular tread; ⑤ Electrothermal vulcanization of tires.
The key equipment of C3M is special knitting machine and extruder. With the forming drum as the core, C3M technology can be realized by properly configuring special weaving unit and extrusion unit. Special knitting machine weaves seamless annular carcass ply and belt around the forming drum, and winds steel wire around the forming drum to obtain traveler. The extrusion unit continuously mixes rubber at low temperature (below 90℃) and extrudes rubber parts such as sidewall and triangular rubber strip.
2. mainland MMP technology
The full name of MMP is: modular manufacturing process; ; Building block molding method.
The traditional tire production process consists of four major processes: ① shaping/mixing; (2) calendering and extrusion; ③ molding; ④ Vulcanization. Most existing tire factories have the above four procedures except the first procedure for purchasing finished rubber.
MMP broke the complete model of the four major processes in traditional tire factory, and divided the four major processes into two parts for operation. The first block includes the first step (molding/mixing), the second step (calendering and extrusion) and the first half of the third step (carcass molding), and the second block includes the second half of the third step (belt bonding and tread bonding) and the fourth step (vulcanization). The factory that performs the first production task is called "platform", and the factory that performs the second production task is called "satellite factory". The platform is responsible for the production and pre-assembly of tire basic components, and the satellite factory is responsible for the overall assembly and final vulcanization of tire manufacturing process. Usually, a platform can be configured with multiple satellite factories to form a radiation network.
3. Goodyear's hOPACT technology in summer
Integrated manufacturing precision assembly unit technology: integrated machining precision forming unit technology.
There are four factors (also called four units): ① thermal precursors; (2) Improve control technology and increase production efficiency; ③ Automated material transportation; ④ Unit manufacturing. The above four elements can be used alone or in combination, and one element and the whole system can be closely combined with the existing tire technology. IMPACT will not be incompatible with existing systems like other new tire manufacturing systems.
4. Pirelli MIRS technology
The full name of MIRS is: modular integrated robotic system; Building block integrated automation system.
The essence of MIRS is: organizing production with the forming drum as the center; Multiple groups of extruders cooperate with remote control manipulator to realize direct molding from rubber extrusion to molding drum; The airtight layer of embryo is used instead of capsule for vulcanization.
MIRS has only three processes: ① prefabrication; (2) forming; ③ Vulcanization. There are several extruders in the prefabrication process, and each extruder is equipped with a winding shaft frame with the specification of 1× 1.5m, and steel wires or impregnated cord rollers are hung on the winding shaft frame; Multi-strands of steel wires or cords on the frame enter the right-angle die of the extruder and are extruded together with the rubber compound to obtain the reinforcing rubber strip for the downstream process. The molding process consists of three groups of 8 extruders and three pairs of remote control manipulators, which are divided into three stations. The building drum is foldable and hollow. The drum body is made of eight aluminum plates with a thickness of 20mm, and there are small holes on them to make the drum surface communicate with the drum cavity. After preheating, the forming drum enters the first station and rotates around the shaft; The extruder extrudes the rubber compound onto the forming drum, and the manipulator repeatedly rolls the rubber compound to extrude air, so that the rubber compound clings to the drum surface to obtain an airtight layer; Because the drum head is hot, the rubber mixture is presulfurized. Then the forming drum enters the second station, and the second pair of manipulators winds various reinforcing rubber strips generated in the prefabrication process on the forming drum, while the second group of extruders extrudes rubber onto the forming drum, and the manipulators and extruders work alternately to gradually form carcass plies, beads and the like. Then the forming drum enters the third station, the third pair of manipulators attach to the prefabricated belt layer, and the extrusion unit directly extrudes the isolation rubber, sidewall rubber and tread rubber onto the forming drum, and compacts and shapes to obtain a complete tire embryo. The blank enters the vulcanization process together with the forming drum, and the vulcanizer is installed on the column of the six-station carousel. The first pair of manipulators put the tire blank that has not been taken out of the building drum into the vulcanizing machine, and then close the mold. High-pressure nitrogen is introduced into the cavity of the molding drum, and the nitrogen escapes to the surface of the drum through the vent holes in the drum wall, so that the green tire expands, thus leaving the drum surface and clinging to the inner wall of the vulcanizing mold, so that the pre-vulcanized green tire airtight layer actually plays the role of a capsule. Like ordinary vulcanization, the mold cavity is filled with human steam. 15 after vulcanization, the carousel arrived at the sixth station, and the second pair of manipulators opened the mold, took out the tire together with the building drum, and folded the building drum to obtain the finished tire. The barrel is assembled and sent back to the second process for recycling. At this point, a production cycle is completed.
5. Digital tire technology in Deng Lupu.
(digital rolling simulation)
The so-called digital tire simulation technology refers to the realization of various simulation experimental technologies by simulating the rotating tire model in a supercomputer. It mainly consists of tire tread noise simulation, air pressure change simulation, steel wire external force absorption simulation, rubber formula simulation, wear energy distribution simulation, real vehicle driving simulation, gas infiltration simulation, tire muddy road simulation, road environment simulation and other technologies. Digital rotation simulation solves the shortcoming that high-speed rotating tires can not collect tire contact data, and shortens tire design and production cycle.
Tire terminology
Air pressure: the outward air pressure per square inch in the tire, in pounds per square inch (PSI) or the metric unit of air pressure in kilopascals (kPa). Four-wheel alignment: adjust all wheels on the vehicle to make them in the best direction relative to the road surface and each other. Poor four-wheel alignment will cause abnormal tire wear and shorten tire service life. Four seasons tires provide good traction balance in rain and snow weather, and have good tread life, comfort and tranquility. In order to obtain the greatest safety guarantee for the snow and ice pavement in winter, it is suggested to take advantage of the water floating phenomenon of tires in winter, which is an extremely dangerous situation. The water in front of the tire makes the tire lose contact with the road. At this time, the vehicle will slip on the water and completely lose control. This phenomenon is also called "Shui Piao phenomenon". Length-width ratio | The ratio of tire sidewall height to its cross-sectional width. Asymmetric tread pattern design | Asymmetric tread design (ad) with different tread patterns on both sides can enhance and optimize the handling performance of dry land and wetland. There are many transverse grooves in the tread pattern on the inner side of the tire, which is convenient for drainage; On the other hand, its side shoulders have relatively large blocks to obtain excellent handling.
Identification method of tire size
General tire size can be described as:
[tire width mm]/[ tire thickness as a percentage of tire width] R[ hub diameter (inch)] [load factor] [speed indicator] or [tire width mm]/[ tire thickness as a percentage of tire width] [speed indicator] R[ hub diameter (inch)] [load factor]
For example, tires: 195/65 R 14 88H or 195/65 r 15 88.
Can be interpreted as:
Tire width-195mm.
The percentage of tire thickness to tire width is 65%, that is, tire thickness = 126.75,126.75/195 *100 = 65 (%).
Hub diameter-15 inch.
Load factor -88.
Velocity coefficient -H
In particular, the aspect ratio refers to the percentage of tire sidewall height to tire width. The aspect ratio of modern cars is between 50 and 70. The smaller the value, the flatter the tire shape. With the increase of vehicle speed, in order to reduce the center of gravity and axis of the car, the diameter of the tire is shrinking. In order to ensure sufficient bearing capacity and improve driving stability and grip, the width of tires and rims must be continuously increased. Therefore, the cross-sectional shape of the tire has developed from the initial approximate circular shape to the flat oval shape.
Generally speaking, an understanding of [tire width]/[tire thickness as a percentage of tire width] r [wheel hub diameter (inch)] is helpful for changing tires suitable for your car. Knowing the [load factor] and [speed index] of tires is helpful for driving safety.
production flow
Process 1: internal mixing process
Internal mixer technology is a process of mixing carbon black, natural/synthetic rubber, oil, additives, accelerators and other raw materials, and processing and producing "mixed rubber" in the internal mixer. All raw materials must be inspected before entering the mixer, and can only be used after being released. The weight of each can of material in the blender is about 250 kg. The rubber used for each rubber part in a tire has specific characteristics. The composition of rubber compound depends on the requirements of tire performance. At the same time, the change of rubber composition also depends on the needs of supporting manufacturers and markets, mainly from the requirements of traction, driving performance, road conditions and tires themselves. All rubber compounds must be tested before entering the next process-rubber parts preparation process, and can only enter the next process after being released.
Step 2: Prepare rubber parts.
The preparation process of rubber parts includes six main parts. In this process, all semi-finished rubber parts that make up the tire will be prepared, some of which are initially assembled. These six parts are as follows:
Part I: Extrusion
The rubber mixture is fed into an extruder head to extrude different semi-finished rubber parts: tread, sidewall/bead and triangular rubber strip.
Part 2: calendering
The raw material cord passes through the calender, and a thin layer of rubber compound is hung on both sides of the cord. The final product is called "curtain". The raw material cords are mainly nylon and polyester.
Part 3: bead molding
Beads are made of many steel wires bonded and wound. This kind of compound for tire bead has special properties. After vulcanization, rubber compounds and steel wires can be closely attached together.
Section 4: Curtain Cutting
In this process, the curtain cloth will be cut to a suitable width and spliced. The change of cord width and angle mainly depends on the specifications of tire and the requirements of tire structure design.
Section 5: Sticking triangular adhesive tape.
In this process, the triangular rubber strip extruded by the extruder will be manually attached to the bead. Triangular rubber strip plays an important role in tire handling performance.
Section 6: Belt Modeling
This process is the production of belts. In the spindle room, many steel wires come out of the threading plate and then pass through the template with glue at the same time, so that the steel wires are glued on both sides. After gluing, the tape layer is cut to a specified angle and width. The width and angle depend on the requirements of tire size and structural design.
All rubber parts will be transported to the "tire manufacturing" process for tire manufacturing.
Step 3: tire forming process
The tire molding process is to assemble all semi-finished products into green tires on a molding machine, where green tires are not vulcanized. After the raw tire is inspected, it is transported to the vulcanization process.
Step 4: vulcanization step
The raw tire is loaded on a vulcanizing machine, and it is vulcanized into a finished tire after appropriate time and conditions in the mold. Vulcanized tires have the appearance of finished tire patterns and tread patterns. Now, the tires will be sent to the final inspection area.
Process 5: Final Inspection Process
In this area, the tire should be visually inspected first, and then the uniformity inspection should be completed by the "uniformity testing machine". Uniformity tester mainly measures radial force, lateral force, cone force and fluctuation. After the uniformity test, the dynamic balance test should be carried out, and the dynamic balance test should be completed on the "dynamic balance test machine". Finally, the tires will be X-rayed and then transported to the finished product warehouse for delivery.
Step 6: Tire test
In the process of designing new tire size, a large number of tire tests are needed to ensure that the tire performance meets the requirements of the government and supporting factories.
After the tires are officially put into production, we will continue to do tire testing and monitor the quality of tires. These tests are the same as those conducted when new tires are released. The machine used to test tires is "mileage experiment", and the experiments usually done are high-speed experiment and durability experiment.