Military shotguns mainly fire clustered spherical projectiles. The bore of the barrel consists of three parts: bore, sliding bore and throat constriction, which are connected by taper.
The gun bore is loaded with shotguns, and the sliding bore is the accelerated motion section of shotguns. On the section about 60 mm away from the muzzle, the position where the diameter decreases appropriately along the muzzle direction is called throat constriction. The projectile flies out of the muzzle under the action of cluster, which increases the shooting density and range.
At present, most military shotguns adopt the caliber of 12. According to the international standard, the actual aperture of 12 is18.5 mm. ..
In addition to automatic and semi-automatic shooting methods, military shotguns generally have pump-driven shooting methods. The reason why there is a pump structure is because the pressure in the chamber of the musket is low, and riot ammunition such as tear gas or rubber-tipped ammunition can not be used normally because of insufficient gunpowder gas. At this time, it is handy to use the pump mode.
In order to meet the requirements of maneuverability, the total gun length of military shotguns should generally not exceed 1. 1m, the total gun weight should be less than 4.5kg, and the effective range is 60- 150m.
The great stopping effect is the symbolic feature of shotgun. However, there are many kinds of ammunition available for shotguns, and the effects are different. The wound caused by a single bullet in human body is a "permanent injury tissue cavity" with great width and depth, while the wounds caused by multiple small bullets are either "penetrating injury" or "penetrating injury".
Infiltration injury occurs because the muzzle is at a certain distance from the human body when shooting, and the bullet spreads after entering the human body, causing multiple tissues such as nerves, blood vessels and bones to be injured at the same time. This kind of injury is often more destructive to the human body than penetrating injury and takes effect faster.
Penetrating injury occurred because the muzzle was very close to the human body and the warhead directly penetrated the human body and organs. Because the launch area of multiple small warheads is larger than that of single-headed ammunition, the penetrating injury caused by multiple small warheads will be more serious than that of single-headed ammunition.
At a very close distance, even the soft plastic butt under the warhead can cause damage, and even enter the wound with the warhead. At a distance of 7 meters, the bullet socket will cause another wound, or at least a bruise.
In an incident of assaulting a police officer, an Illinois policeman was shot almost in the neck with a 12 shotgun. The gun caused a 2-inch wound on the policeman's neck. Surprisingly, the police officer survived. The reason is that the soft plastic butt of the ammunition hit his neck at the same time, which just blocked the wound of the carotid artery and reduced the bleeding.