Huang Kuan (1829—1878100612), male, with a name andno. Chuo Qing, was born in Dong 'an Township, Xiangshan County, guangzhou fu, Guangdong Province (now Dong 'an Village, Tangjiawan Town, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City). China is a modern physician and educator. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh, England, one of the first batch of international students in China, and was the first scholar to study western medicine in England and get a doctorate in medicine. After returning to China, he was engaged in clinical and teaching, with profound medical skills, especially good at surgery. Successfully performed the first embryo amputation in China. He was the first China doctor to be a medical officer in the medical department of the Customs and one of the first teachers to teach western medicine in China.

Chinese name: Huang Kuan.

Mbth: WongFun

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of Birth: Dong 'an Township, Xiangshan County, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province

Date of birth: 1829

Date of death:1878101October 12.

Occupation: doctor, educator

Graduate School: University of Edinburgh, UK

Main achievements: the first person to study western medicine in Britain.

Representative works: A case of embryo amputation, the first of its kind in China, has compiled many articles such as Hospital Report and Customs Medical Yearbook.

Gender: male

Degree: Doctor.

outline

Huang Kuan (1829—1878101October 12), male, first name, with a clear word. 1829 was born in Dong 'an Township, Xiangshan County, Fushi City, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province (now Dong 'an Village, Tangjiawan Town, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City). The date of birth is unknown. Huang Kuan's parents died young, and she was raised by her grandmother. He was born in Minhui and just entered a rural private school. Once instructed by the teacher, he can understand and recite. Later, he dropped out of school because his family was poor. 1855 received a doctorate from the University of Edinburgh.

The life of the character

1829 was born in Dong 'an Township, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province.

184 1 Go to Ma Lixun School in Macau.

184 1 year 1 1 month moved to hongkong with Ma Lixun school and studied there for 6 years.

1847 1 went to the United States with Mr. and Mrs. Brown, Hong Rong and Huang Sheng. 12 arrived in New York, USA, and enrolled in Massachusetts Monsoon School. I studied in this school for 2 years and graduated in the summer of 1849.

1850 to study medicine at Edinburgh University. 1855 received the medical doctor's degree in August.

1855 received a bachelor's degree from the University of Edinburgh and worked as an intern in a British hospital for 2 years. 1857 received a doctorate.

1857 returned to Hong Kong to serve in London Christian Hospital.

1858 Why did you go to Guangzhou to work for the newly-operated Ai Hui Yiguang?

1860, he resigned from Yiguang's post, set up his own clinic, assisted the Ji Bo Municipal Health Bureau in his spare time, and had an embryo amputation in the same year, which was the first such operation in China.

/kloc-at the beginning of 0/862, Li Hongzhang was hired as a medical officer by the shogunate and resigned within six months. After returning to Guangzhou, I set up my own clinic to practice medicine, and participated in the outpatient service of Ji Bo Hospital and the teaching work of training Dr. China in this hospital.

1863 was hired as the medical officer of Guangzhou Customs Medical Department.

From 65438 to 0866, he was employed to teach anatomy, physiology and surgery in South China Medical College founded by Ji Bo Hospital.

1867 Acting Dean of Ji Bo Hospital. This is the first autopsy in this hospital, which was conducted by Huang Kuan.

Guangzhou cholera epidemic situation 1873, focusing on the difference between true and false cholera.

1875 concurrently serves as the director of southwest medical bureau.

18781June 12 died of gangrene.

life experience

Huang Kuan 12 years old (1840) entered Ma Lixun School, a Macao missionary school (later moved to Hong Kong), and became classmates with Yung Yung, who later entered the school. Ma Lixun School is the first western-style school in Macau. This school was organized by Ma Lixun Education Association and initiated by foreigners in Guangzhou. The time was from June 65438 to1October 65435. 1847 65438+ 10, Huang Kuan, Yung Wing and Huang Sheng entered MonsonAcademy in Massachusetts with the help of Brown and other American friends. At that time, there were no high schools in the United States, only preparatory schools were used as preparatory courses for universities. Mengsong School was the most famous preparatory school at that time. President Harvard, a graduate of Yale University and a famous educator at that time, was very polite to these three international students from China. Among the three students, Huang Shengnian is the longest, but Huang Sheng dropped out of school and returned to China the following autumn due to illness. Huang Kuan and Rong Hong studied in this school for two years and graduated in the summer of 1849.

1in the summer of 850, after graduating from high school, Huang Kuan was sponsored by a British businessman in Hong Kong, so he was admitted to the University of Edinburgh in the UK on 10, and 165438 studied literature in the first year. 185 1 started to study medicine, and completed the five-year undergraduate course with excellent results, obtaining a bachelor's degree in literature and a bachelor's degree in medicine. Then he went on to study for a doctorate in pathology and anatomy. Two years later, he obtained the qualification of practicing western medicine, becoming the first international student in China who graduated from a British university and obtained a degree in western medicine. Huang Kuan studied in England for seven years.

From 65438 to 0857, Huang Kuan returned to the motherland as the first doctor of medicine in China, and accepted the appointment of the London Missionary Society as a missionary according to the wishes of the benefactor. First, I opened a clinic in Hong Kong. Due to the discrimination and exclusion of British missionaries such as Dr. Benjamin Hobson of the London Missionary Society, he resigned as a missionary and was responsible for managing private hospitals in Hong Kong.

1858, he went to Guangzhou and took over Ai Huiyiguang founded by B.Hobson in Jinlibu. Huang Kuan vigorously reorganized the museum to make its business prosperous. According to the report of 1859, the library has 80 beds, with 430 inpatients and 26,030 outpatients. Huang Kuan personally taught four students to help them with medical treatment. Because Huang Kuan disagreed with the authorities and was dissatisfied with the behavior of a Christian, he resigned from Huiai Yiguang on 1866, set up his own clinic, and assisted Ji Bo Hospital in his spare time.

From 65438 to 0864, Ji Bo Hospital began to recruit western medicine students, and Huang Kuan participated in the teaching of training China students in this hospital.

1866, Ji Bo Hospital officially became attached to South China Medical College, which was the earliest missionary medical college in China to systematically train western medicine and recruit boys. Huang Kuan was employed as a teacher in this school, and together with the principal of this school, Jia John, he took the main teaching task. When Jia John was writing textbooks and handouts, he encountered the problem that medical vocabulary was difficult to translate. He always turned to Huang Kuan for help and studied with him carefully until he found the most accurate vocabulary. Ji Bo Hospital started with boys, and by 1879, South China yiguang affiliated to Ji Bo Hospital enrolled three girls for the first time. The school studied basic theory courses for three years, and then carried out clinical practice, which trained the first generation of western medicine talents for China. In addition, they spread a brand-new medical system in China, such as western medicine treatment and hospital system, medical technology and medicine, medical education, medical research and medical publicity.

1867 Jia John left China due to illness, and Huang Kuan was appointed as the acting director of the hospital.

1875, Huang Kuan also served as the director of Southwest Medical Bureau. 1876, the school expanded the laboratory equipment and established the specimen room.

1862, Huang Kuan was employed by Li Hongzhang as a shogunate medical officer (concurrently).

1873 during the cholera epidemic in Guangzhou, I wrote articles to comment on the difference between true and false cholera, and compiled many articles such as Hospital Report and Annual Journal of Customs Medicine, but no other monographs were published. Huang Kuan was busy with diagnosis and teaching all his life, and wrote few books.

18781June12nd, Huang Kuan died of neck gangrene. (Another story:1878 10/510. In October, Huang Kuan died at the age of 50. )

occupation

character trait

Huang Kuan is straightforward, unsociable and simple. He doesn't drink or smoke. Nature respects the old and loves the young, filial to grandma, lives with my sister, loves her, treats my nephew as my own, and tries my best to educate them. I married a woman from where, but somehow, I divorced her. I never married her again in my life, so I have no children.

Medical career

Guangzhou Ji Bo Hospital, formerly known as the Ophthalmology Medical Bureau founded by American missionary Dr. peter parker, was closed due to the war in June/840 and reopened in October 1842+0 1. 1855, because peter parker was an American diplomat in China, the bureau was taken over by another American missionary doctor, JohnGlasgowKerr. 1856, due to the outbreak of the Sino-British war again, the medical bureau was burned and closed down. 1859 65438+ 10, after Jia John found a new address in the southern suburbs of Guangzhou, he reorganized the medical bureau and renamed it Ji Bo Hospital. After returning to China, Huang Kuan participated in the outpatient service of Ji Bo Hospital, and participated in the teaching of training medical students in China from 1862. 1866, South China Medical College was founded in the hospital, and Huang Kuan was hired to teach in the school, and he was jointly responsible for the teaching work with Jia John. Huang Kuan took courses in anatomy, physiology and surgery; Professor John Jia, Medicinal Chemistry; Guan Tao is in charge of clinical teaching. Ji Bo Hospital started with a boy, and it was not until 1879 that the first female medical student was enrolled.

1862, Huang Kuan was hired as a shogunate medical officer by Li Hongzhang, but he was not interested in officialdom life, and then resigned. At that time, Ding Yusheng of Shanghai Daotai advised him to be reinstated and allowed him various conveniences, but Huang Kuan finally refused. In the same year, he returned to Guangzhou and continued to practice medicine in his clinic. 1863, the customs medical service was established, employing medical staff 17, including foreign doctors 16. Only the medical officer of the Medical Department of Guangzhou Customs was appointed by Huang Kuan, a native of China, which fully reflected Huang Kuan's position in western medicine at that time.

Medical achievements

Huang Kuan has also made great achievements in medical care. 1867 Jia John left China due to illness, and Huang Kuan was appointed as the acting director of the hospital. During his tenure as acting dean, he performed more operations than any other year. The enrollment of medical schools is also larger than in the past. 1867, the first autopsy in Ji Bo Hospital was conducted by Huang Kuan. From this, it can be proved that Huang Kuan played an important role in the teaching and diagnosis of Ji Bo Hospital at that time. 1875, Huang Kuan also served as the director of Southwest Medical Bureau. In a word, in his various posts, he has always fulfilled his duties, worked diligently and never slackened off, and won wide acclaim from the medical community.

Academically, Huang Kuan is tireless, with profound medical skills and concise prescriptions. He is especially good at surgery, with correct diagnosis and excellent operation. 1860, Huang Kuan had an embryo amputation, which was the first case in China. In Guangdong, there are many patients with bladder stones. Jajohn was once famous for taking stones, but before him, Huang Kuan had treated 33 cases. Hong Rong said that Huang Kuan was the most famous outstanding surgeon east of the Cape of Good Hope at that time.

Huang Kuan was busy with diagnosis and teaching all his life, and wrote few books. 1873 during the cholera epidemic in Guangzhou, I wrote articles to comment on the difference between true and false cholera, and compiled many articles such as Hospital Report and Annual Journal of Customs Medicine, but no other monographs were published. 18781kloc-0/2 in June, Huang Kuan died of neck gangrene at the age of 49.

Social assessment

Commenting on Huang Kuan, John Jia said: Huang Kuan is a symbol of cultural exchange between China and Britain and a model of friendship between the Chinese and British peoples.

Rong Hong also gave Huang Kuan proper praise: he graduated with the third place in the medical professional class of Edinburgh University. He is also an outstanding figure in the medical field. His wisdom and skills have made him firmly enjoy an enviable reputation. At that time, he was considered as one of the most skilled and talented surgeons east of the Cape of Good Hope.

After studying at the University of Edinburgh for five years, Huang Kuan was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine with excellent results of 1855. Simpson, a famous medical scientist at Edinburgh University, specifically mentioned at his graduation ceremony: "Among you, Huang Kuan, as a commendable and humble student, has won high praise. The awards and honors he won brought us hope. I believe that as the first China graduate from a European university, he will become a representative of medical arts and sciences in the western world and will have an important influence among his compatriots. "