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Hezhang Walnut, small in size and unattractive in appearance, is named after it is produced in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province. It is named after the place name because of its high altitude, long illumination and large temperature difference. The highest altitude is 2900.6 meters (the highest point in Guizhou), and the unique microclimate is especially suitable for walnut growth. Therefore, although Hezhang Walnut is not big, it has the characteristics of thin shell, full kernel, white kernel, easy kernel picking and pure flavor, and is one of the agricultural special products exported. In 2008, he was successfully selected into the comprehensive selection of recommended fruits for the Beijing Olympic Games. Now in Hezhang, walnuts are planted in 27 towns and villages in the county, with a total area of/kloc-0.6 million mu. In 2006, it was rated as "National Demonstration Zone of Walnut Forestry Standardization Construction", and on this basis, walnut candy, walnut dew, walnut milk beverage and walnut vegetable were developed, which enhanced the added value of walnuts. It has brought rich economic benefits to local growers. [ 1]

Two advantages

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1. Early results.

2. Fast growth and high yield: high yield in three years, and the yield per mu in five years can reach about 1000 kg. It is the only walnut variety whose yield per mu exceeds 1000 kg.

3. Good quality: shell thickness 1mm, hand-breakable, and kernel yield of 63.8%. Full kernel, light color, no astringency, fragrant taste, is a fine fruit.

4. Simple management: save labor and money.

5. Strong ability to resist diseases and natural disasters.

6. Strong adaptability: there is no special requirement for soil and temperature, and weeds and miscellaneous trees can be planted and grown wherever they grow.

3 planting

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Hezhang walnut seedlings are not afraid of drought, cold and flooding. If it is planted on the flat land, it is necessary to clear the ditch to prevent the land from accumulating water. Walnuts like light. After entering the fruiting period, they need sufficient light conditions, and the normal growth and development of walnuts can be ensured by lighting for more than 5 hours every day. When planting saplings, we must consider the light problem from the aspects of garden selection, planting density, cultivation methods, shaping and pruning.

Hezhang walnut seedlings have strong adaptability. In rural areas, walnut trees are called "lazy trees". Its management and protection are simple, and the work that needs to be done every year is not complicated. Fertilization and chemical weeding are carried out three times a year, plus some necessary pruning and shaping. Any walnut has no effect on altitude and temperature, such as Lhasa, Xinjiang and Gansu, which can grow normally at an altitude of more than 6000 meters and MINUS 30 degrees, while Xinjiang walnut is famous and has a high yield, such as Hainan walnut in tropical areas.

Spring and autumn are good seasons for planting Hezhang walnut seedlings. Spring sowing is mostly carried out after soil thawing and before germination; Planting in autumn is mostly carried out after beginning of autumn and before the ground freezes (in places where the ground is not frozen, after beginning of autumn 10 to mid-April of the following year is the best time to plant Hezhang walnut seedlings and other walnut varieties. At this time, Hezhang walnut seedlings have been capped and basically entered a dormant state. At this time, after transplanting and before freezing, Hezhang walnut seedlings are sprouting new roots, which is very beneficial to the growth in the coming year. The temperate regions in the south are most suitable for planting in winter.

4 development status quo

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On July 30th, the development plan of walnut industry in Hezhang County passed the expert evaluation of Guiyang Forestry, Development and Reform Commission and universities, which became an important basis for the local government to promote industrial development. This means that Hezhang County has taken another gratifying step in the process of walnut industrialization. [2]

Hezhang walnut has a long history of cultivation and is the distribution center of iron walnut in southern China. There are abundant walnut germplasm resources in China. After years of screening and cultivation, Shan Ye treasures with wild characteristics have been formed. At present, the planting area of high-quality walnuts in the county is 1 0.4 million mu, and the output of processed products such as walnut milk and walnut sugar reaches110,000 tons. The annual output value of walnut industry exceeds 100 million yuan, and walnut has become a new pillar industry for rural farmers in Hezhang to get rich.

In 2006, Hezhang County was selected as "National Walnut Forestry Standardization Construction Demonstration Zone" by the State Forestry Administration. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids of pollution-free and green walnut nuts produced in the demonstration area are higher than those of ordinary walnuts. In 2007, the walnut selected by Hezhang Forestry Bureau was selected as "recommended fruit for the Olympic Games" by 8 units including China Fruit Circulation Association. This year, Hezhang County was rated as "Hometown of Walnuts in China" by China Fruit Circulation Association and other units.

According to the relevant person in charge of Hezhang County, walnut industry is listed as one of the five major agricultural pillar industries in the county. Exploring the new development model of walnut industry, taking agricultural rich county as an important part of the development idea of county strategic industry, its essence is to build ecological civilization. Adhering to such development ideas and concepts, the local government has implemented projects such as "Walnut Base for Poverty Alleviation through Science and Technology", "Returning Farmland to Forests through Science and Technology", "Work for Relief", "Rocky Desertification Control" and "Construction of Regional Characteristic Fruit Forest" to encourage people to plant walnuts, raise development funds to build a walnut production base, and build a high-quality walnut base of 85,000 mu. According to incomplete statistics, at present, the planting area of walnuts in this county is 6.5438+0.4 million mu, and the annual output of walnuts with shells has exceeded 5 million kilograms, which has become one of the main export commodities in our province, earning 654.38+0.22 yuan per capita for Hezhang every year.

In order to turn products into commodities, the relevant departments organized a team of rural brokers to conduct market-oriented operations in acquisition, processing, grading and packaging. In the long-term production and development, Hezhang Walnut has formed a market circulation pattern dominated by professional market, individual acquisition, local products companies and township supply and marketing cooperatives.

In order to extend the industrial chain, local enterprises built a walnut milk processing plant with an annual output of 7,500 tons by using project funds such as World Bank loans, and adopted new scientific and technological achievements and national patent formulas to produce walnut milk drinks, which were well received by consumers. The position of "leading" in walnut industry agriculture has initially appeared.