Congenital defects of the body generally refer to fetal malformation, which is due to structural or chromosomal abnormalities in the uterus. Congenital malformations are mostly formed in the early stage of embryonic development. There are many reasons for congenital malformation. In fact, many of them can be avoided. Expectant mothers should try to avoid teratogenic factors during pregnancy or pregnancy.

Physical or environmental factors. Radiation: the risk of congenital malformation in early pregnancy is significantly increased. Some drugs can cause congenital malformation. Rational medication should be taken under the guidance of a doctor in the early pregnancy. Long-term heavy drinking will lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, which is characterized by microcephaly, mental retardation and abnormal facial features. Increase the risk of birth defects.

Infection with certain microorganisms during pregnancy can lead to fetal infection and congenital malformation, such as rubella, giant cells, herpes simplex, Toxoplasma gondii and syphilis. High fever in early pregnancy. Poor blood sugar control in early pregnancy of diabetic pregnant women will increase the risk of congenital malformations, such as congenital heart disease, neural tube malformation, cleft lip and palate, etc. Dietary factors Lack of folic acid in the diet will increase the risk of fetal neural tube defects and cleft lip and palate. Genetic factors Genetic factors refer to the abnormalities caused by parents' genetic materials, such as parents' chromosome abnormalities and parents carrying mutant genes. Sometimes, the uterus itself has abnormal chromosome segregation or gene mutation. When close relatives get married, the risk of carrying the same abnormal gene will increase, which will lead to a significant increase in the incidence of some recessive genetic diseases. Close relatives should not get married and have children.

There are many forms of symptoms of congenital malformation, some of which can be reflected on the body surface, so we can easily distinguish them. Therefore, if you see that your baby has different physical characteristics from ordinary people, you should pay attention to it. The symptoms of congenital malformation mainly include: limb deformity mainly includes polydactyly, syndactyly, valgus, joint deformity, medullary joint dislocation, short limbs and so on. Dendritic malformations, such as polydactyly or syndactyly, are autosomal dominant or recessive and have a family history. Finger-toe deformity is sometimes combined with deformity in other parts, sometimes only in one limb, and sometimes all limbs are deformed.