Cultivation methods and precautions for five-needle pine

The five-needle pine is named for its five-leaf cluster. It is also known as the Japanese five-needle pine, the five-hairpin pine, the Japanese five-needle pine, etc. It is an evergreen coniferous tree of the Pinaceae genus. I have compiled the five needles below. Let’s take a look at the methods and precautions for growing needle pine.

Cultivation methods of five-needle pine

1. Soil: Five-needle pine is suitable for growing in loose, fertile, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. The leaves will turn yellow and fall off, so natural mountain soil is the best potting soil. The pot soil preparation ratio is 3 parts of leaf mold soil, 5 parts of garden soil, 1 part of compost, and 1 part of sand soil mixed into nutrient soil. Generally, the pot should be repotted every 2 to 3 years, and the repotting time should be carried out from February to March or September to October.

2. Light: Five-needle pine is a positive tree species. It should be placed in a sunny place for maintenance in spring, autumn and winter. The needles are short and strong, and the leaves are green. On the contrary, the needles are thin and easy to wither and turn yellow. However, in hot summer, avoid the scorching sun around noon to avoid scorching the needles.

3. Watering: Spring and autumn are the growth seasons of five-needled pine. The pot soil should always be kept moist to promote the growth of branches and leaves. In summer, five-needle pine grows slowly and has entered the dormant period, but the amount of water evaporation is large. , water once every morning and spray water on the leaves once in the evening. In winter, control watering and maintain the lowest temperature. It is usually necessary to adhere to the principle of seeing dry and wet, and watering thoroughly.

4. Fertilization: Five-needle pine does not have high requirements for fertility. Fertilization should not be excessive or too concentrated. Excessive fertilization will make the branches and needles elongated, hindering the ornamental value. Generally, fertilization is only done twice during the growth period in spring and autumn. Organic liquid fertilizer is applied once before germination or after thickening leaves in spring. Fertilization in autumn can be appropriately concentrated to promote healthy growth. Stop fertilizing after October.

5. Pruning: The five-needle pine has an upright posture and is a tree species with high ornamental value. It is not only suitable for garden decoration, but also an important tree species for potted plants or bonsai. It is necessary to maintain the tree posture and control the growth of branches and leaves. To grow and achieve the shape of short, dense and vigorous branches and leaves, regular pruning is necessary. When the buds of the five-needle pine sprout and grow, remove 1/2 to 1/3 of the buds to avoid leggy branches and make the side buds grow evenly and robustly, thereby reducing nutrient consumption and achieving a vigorous and graceful tree posture. .

Cutting propagation of five-needle pine

1. Soil requirements: The cutting soil of five-needle pine requires good air permeability and water retention. It can be 70% yellow heart soil and 20% fine river. Sand and 10% rice bran ash, sift and mix well before use. The transplanted soil must be strictly sterilized. A small amount of transplanted soil can be sterilized by high temperature, such as pan-frying or boiling. Large amounts of transplanted soil generally use pharmaceutical sterilization methods, such as carbendazim disinfection, formalin disinfection, and zinc sterilization.

2. Cutting time: It is suitable for cuttings to be taken from May to August when choosing young branches. The specific cutting time of each tree species should be determined according to the degree of lignification of the young branches, which is enough to reach semi-lignification. Thick, full, vigorously growing semi-lignified twigs should be selected for cuttings from young mother trees that are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests. In order to prevent the branches from losing water, it is best to cut the ears in the early morning and treat them with hormones immediately after cutting. The appropriate length of the cuttings is 4 to 10 cm. The base leaves should be cut off and the upper leaves should be retained. The lower cut should be close to the axillary buds.

3. Hormone treatment: Treating the young shoots with plant hormones such as ABT rooting powder, indole acetic acid, and naphthalene acetic acid before cuttings of Pinus five-needle pine can greatly improve the survival rate of the cuttings. The most commonly used and most effective hormone in production is green plant growth regulator. The method used is to prepare GGR into a 50ppm solution, and then put the base of the cuttings into the solution and soak it for 3 to 24 hours.

4. Environmental control: Providing suitable environmental humidity and rooting temperature is the key to the success of five-needle pine twig cuttings. Five-needle pine twig cuttings require a relative air humidity of 80% to 95%. The temperature is controlled between 18°C ??and 28°C, and appropriate lighting conditions are also required.

5. Post-cutting management: After the five-needle pine cuttings take root, the light intensity and ventilation time should be gradually increased to gradually adapt to the external environment. After the pine cuttings survive, they should be transplanted in time and can be moved to the nursery or into a nutrient bag. After transplantation, management and protection must also be strengthened. In the early stage of transplantation, measures such as shading and watering must be taken. After the seedlings are established, work such as removing sprouts, wiping buds, loosening soil, and controlling pests and diseases must be carried out.

Precautions for breeding five-needle pine

1. Moderate light: Five-needle pine is a neutral plant and can grow in sunny or shady places. When maintained in a well-circulated place, the needles will grow green and strong. In places with insufficient light and hot weather, the needles will grow weak and easily turn yellow. It is best to give the five-needle pine more than 5-6 hours of light every day and maintain good ventilation conditions. However, in the hot noon of midsummer, in order to prevent the needles from being exposed to excessive sunlight and causing scorching of the leaves, measures such as shading can be taken. At other times, they can be allowed to fully receive sunlight.

2. Control watering: The watering of the five-needle pine bonsai should be moderate. The flower proverb goes: "dry pine and wet cypress", which means that five-needle pine should be dry. In summer, the temperature is high and the pot soil is easy to dry. Generally, watering is done once in the morning and evening, and it must be watered enough in the morning. In the evening, it depends on the dryness and wetness of the pot soil. During showers, it is necessary to cover the soil in time to avoid loss of nutrients in the soil.

3. Regular fertilization: Fertilization is the key to raising five-needle pine and can be combined with watering.

The weather is hot from July to August, so it is advisable to apply 10% thin fertilizer and water once every half month. In addition, it should be noted that the five-needle pine should be shaded after fertilization and should not be exposed to sunlight.

4. It is not suitable to have plastic surgery: In order to maintain its inherent shape and posture, the shaped five-needle pine bonsai needs to be pruned every year. However, pruning of the five-needle pine should be carried out during its dormant period in winter, and must not be pruned in the midsummer season, otherwise a large amount of rosin will flow out of the wound and affect the growth of the five-needle pine.

Disease prevention and control of five-needled pine

The main diseases of five-needle pine include rust, root rot, sooty disease, etc., which can be treated by spraying Erduo liquid 1-2 times in winter. Prevention and treatment. Pests include scale insects, red spider mites, aphids, etc., which can be manually caught and scrubbed or controlled with pesticides. At the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission, and the pot soil should not be too wet to facilitate the prevention and control of pests and diseases. If cultivated five-needle pine is not properly maintained, it is susceptible to leaf blight, pine leaf disease, pine stem borer, scale insects and other diseases and insect pests. If leaf blight or pine defoliation is found, the diseased leaves should be removed promptly and sprayed with 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times; when pine shoot borers and scale insects are found to harm the tips and needles, use 80% Dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate and water 1000 times are sprayed for control.

In midsummer and early winter, the needles in the middle of the branches of the five-needled pine often turn irregularly yellow. This is a general manifestation of the normal metabolism of the five-needled pine. However, when summer comes, the leaf tips of the five-needled pine trees raised by some flower lovers turn yellow, and some of the leaf tips die in late autumn, which greatly affects the ornamental value.

Needle disease of five-needle pine

This disease infects 2-year-old needles. Yellow-green spots appear initially. By early August, the lesions expand and turn from yellow-green to red. Brown turns to yellowish brown, and many small black spots are produced on the lesions, which are the sporophores. At this time, most of the needles fall off. In March and April, glossy black spots are produced on the fallen leaves, which are the ascus discs of the pathogen. The ascus disc broke through the surface tissue and formed a black nevus, with a longitudinal crack in the center of the disc. There are as few as 4-5 ascus on each leaf and as many as 10-30.

Prevention methods

①. Remove fallen leaves in winter. Burn intensively to reduce sources of infection.

②. Spraying protection is one of the effective measures. But the key is to make the spraying period coincide with the ascospore dispersal period, and the number of sprays depends on the rain. The types of pharmaceuticals can be 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, 50% sterilate, 70% dimethonium, etc., with a concentration of 500-800 times.

Five-needle pine blister rust

It occurs on the trunk branches of Korean pine, Xinjiang five-needle pine, Huashan pine, Qiao pine and Yan pine. Symptoms occur twice a year:

The first time is in spring, the pine branches are swollen and cracked, and yellow-white to orange-yellow rust spores grow out from the middle, exuding yellow rust spores; the old disease has no skin. The rusty spores leave only rough black diseased skin and exuding resin. Later, the bark cracked and sank;

The second time in autumn, teardrop-shaped sweet substances (a mixture of spores and mucus) that were white at first and then orange appeared on the branches. After the honey drops disappear, blood stains can be seen under the skin, and yellow to reddish-brown spots appear on the needles.

On the transfer host, there are yellow, mound-shaped summer spore piles with oily luster on the back of the leaves from summer to autumn, and finally, spiny reddish-brown teliospore piles appear on the summer spore piles or new leaf tissues ( column).

Occurrence pattern: This fungus is a long-circulating parasitic fungus with a complex life history and highly developed parasitism. Sexual spores and rust spores are born under the bark of pine branches and trunks. Summer spores, teliospores and Basidiospores are on the leaves of the transferred host. In autumn, teliospores germinate without dormancy and produce basidiospores and basidiospores after maturity. They are spread by wind and fall on pine needles to germinate and produce germ tubes. Most of them invade the pine needles through stomata and a few invade the pine needles from the phloem. After 15 days, a small discoloration appears on the pine needles. Spots produce primary hyphae in the mesophyll and overwinter. The primary hyphae continue to grow and spread the next year, expanding from needles to twigs and side branches to the bark or base of the trunk. This process takes 3 to 7 years, or even longer. The disease mostly occurs in the thin bark of tree trunks. Newly planted seedlings, saplings and saplings growing in weeds are susceptible to the disease. Woodlands with many transfer hosts and cold and humid climate conditions are susceptible to the disease.

Prevention and treatment methods

1. Strengthen quarantine and destroy disease vaccines in a timely manner if they are found.

2. Small-diameter timber and bark logs harvested that year can be fumigated with methyl bromide (dose 200 mg/m3) or left in the forest area for one year before being transported.

3. For saplings that are 5 to 13 years old and susceptible to disease, pine tar or coal tar can be used to smear the diseased parts.

4. When transporting transfer hosts such as Black Fruit Tea Seed, if you find yellow pimple-like summer spore piles or dark brown teliospore columns with oily gloss on the back of the leaves, destroy them immediately.