"American black plum" has different names in different places, some places are called black rose plum, some places are called black amber plum, black brown plum, black nai plum, beautiful plum and so on. Because this variety was introduced from the United States, the color of the fruit is purple-black, so it is called American black plum.

This variety has wide adaptability, fast growth, early fruiting and high yield. When planted in March of that year, each plant can produce 2-3 kilograms of fruit in the second year, more than 20 kilograms in the third year, the weight of a single fruit is 80-120g, the peel is purple-black, the flesh is yellow, the juice is fragrant and sweet, the sugar content is above 13 degrees, the quality is excellent, and the edible rate is above 95%.

First of all, the suitable planting area:

This variety is not afraid of heat and freezing, and the winter temperature is -28.3℃ and there is no freezing injury. In places with high temperatures in winter, there is no result. According to the survey, the results of introduction from various places are only suitable for planting in areas with frost in winter, otherwise it will not bear fruit or the yield will be very low.

Second, the main cultivation techniques:

1. Land selection: plum trees have strong adaptability and can be planted on sloping land and flat land. It is best to choose land with deep soil layer, good drainage and sunny back.

2. Planting specifications: 4% 26 # 215 is recommended; 3 meters or 3.5% 26 # 215; 3.5 meters, that is, planting about 60 plants per mu.

3. Planting time: it can be planted in both spring and autumn, and the autumn sowing time is11-65438+February, and the spring sowing is better.

4. Planting requirements:

-Must dig a hole for planting and apply foot fertilizer.

-The number of pollinated trees in the orchard shall not be less than 10%. It is suggested to use American red plum as pollination tree, because most varieties of plum trees are self-flowering, which can increase the yield.

5. On-site management:

-Fertilization: Young trees are mainly promoted by applying nitrogen fertilizer. In spring, summer and autumn, urea or decomposed farmyard manure can be applied before the branches germinate to promote the growth of the branches.

—— Fertilization of fruit trees: the first application of flower-promoting fertilizer is 10 day before budding, and the second application of fruit-strengthening fertilizer is in the period of rapid fruit expansion. The first and second application is mainly compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the third fertilization and fruit picking, it is mainly organic fertilizer, such as peanut bran and chicken manure. Add a small amount of urea, apply it for the fourth time in winter, and apply various organic fertilizers and soil miscellaneous fertilizers with deep ploughing and digging holes.

-Shaping and trimming

Young tree shaping and pruning: Young trees are generally shaped naturally, that is, the stems are fixed in the first year after planting and cut short at a position 60-80 cm above the ground. Select 3-4 branches from the branches that germinated in the same year as the main branches. When the main branches grow to 50-60 cm, cut them short, and pay attention to cutting buds outward when cutting them short. After constant pruning and shaping, the tree shape is basically formed.

Pruning of fruiting trees: Pruning mainly bears short fruit branches and bouquets, so pruning of fruiting trees should aim at forming suitable short fruit branches and bouquets, and should be pruned according to the age and potential of trees. Moderately short and thin long fruit branches and middle fruit branches. The long branches over one meter should be cut short 1/3 or so, and the middle branches should be cut short 1/2. Short fruit branches and bouqueted fruit branches should not be cut short casually, and only branches that are too dense should be properly thinned. Dead branches, pests and diseases, drooping branches and too slender branchlets should be thinned in time to ensure good illumination and reduce nutrient consumption and infection and spread of pests and diseases.

Pest control

The main diseases of plum trees are gummosis, anthracnose and black spot. Prevention and control methods: gummosis is mainly prevented, pests are prevented in time, wounds are reduced, mechanical damage is prevented, and white paint is painted on tree trunks in winter. Anthrax, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and other bactericidal drugs can be used for prevention and control. Pests mainly include aphids, scale insects and red-necked longicorn beetles. Control methods: ① Clear the garden in winter and burn the egg branches to reduce the insect population in the following year. ② Using trichlorfon, imidacloprid and other insecticides to control the disease at the leaf opening stage and flowering stage can achieve good results.