Visitors to Changsha, in addition to climbing Yuelu Mountain, take a look at the surrounding scenery, mostly go to Mawangdui Han Tomb and its museum to see the ancient female corpse unearthed from the No.1 Han Tomb and the grand display of the No.3 Tomb. Around these two ancient tombs, there is a mystery worth exploring.
The mystery of body immortality was discovered.
The excavation of No.1 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, is an amazing discovery in the archaeological field of China, and it also has a far-reaching influence in the world archaeological history. This is because, after a lapse of more than 2,000 years, the body of a noble lady, the hostess of the tomb, and the instruments and accessories buried with her are exceptionally well preserved, especially when the female corpse was first excavated, her skin was still elastic. It's almost unbelievable, but that's the truth. So, how did the ancients preserve the discovered bodies so well?
After analysis and research, people seem to have found such a reason.
The first is the condition of the tomb near vacuum. The tomb is16m deep, and there is a large earth-sealing pile with a base of 50-60m and a height of more than 20m. It is airtight, impermeable and tightly closed. The body was buried in a coffin coated with as many as six boards, which was filled with white paste with strong viscosity and compactness and charcoal with strong hygroscopicity. These layers of "checkpoints" make the erosion of water and air powerless, thus forming a unique environment isolated from the outside world, close to vacuum or vacuum.
Second, people found a red liquid in the coffin. There is no doubt that this kind of night body has the function of anti-corrosion. It's a preservative specially injected during burial. This special preservative can kill the bacteria buried with the bodies and funerary objects. Preservatives are recorded in ancient Chinese medicine books. However, it is still unknown what this red liquid is made of.
Thirdly, after the tomb is sealed, it can not only eliminate the damage of external light, temperature and humidity to funerary objects, funerary objects and corpses, but also form constant temperature and relatively stable humidity in the tomb, so that the whole tomb is in a fixed environment. What's even more amazing is that when digging, people use shovels to make holes in the tomb, and as a result, a powerful airflow is ejected from it. This sharp jet of air shows that the air pressure in the tomb is higher than that outside the tomb. This airflow is due to methane produced by bacteria brought in at the beginning of burial, and the accumulation of methane reaches saturation, thus increasing the pressure in the tomb. Saturated methane can kill bacteria, and high pressure also makes bacteria unable to survive, which is the same as the sterilization principle of inflatable tanks.
In addition, people have also analyzed other reasons, all of which are reasonable. But so far no one can tell what the red liquid in the coffin burial is, and I don't know when this strange mystery will be solved.
Solve the mystery of the resurrection of Mawangdui female corpse "Detective China" also wants to "resurrect" Qin Shihuang Xinhua News Agency reporter Shen Yangying.
Ma Wangdui, the wife of the Prime Minister who has been sleeping for thousands of years, has reappeared in front of the world a few days ago. June 5438+this year 10, Professor Zhao, a famous criminal expert of China Criminal Police College, successfully restored the true face of Princess Ming in Jiangxi and came to Changsha at the invitation of Hunan Provincial Museum. According to the requirements of Hunan Provincial Museum, he used his own computer portrait combination system "Police Star CCK-III" to restore Princess Changsha Ming's face into three age stages. It is reported that the Hunan Provincial Museum will make a wax figure of the whole body of the Prime Minister's wife according to the restored head, which will be exhibited when the cultural relics of Mawangdui Han Tomb move into the new museum this year. The above picture shows the simulation drawing in the restoration process, and its standard drawing will be launched by Hunan Provincial Museum in the near future. (Photo by Hunan Channel reporter Long)
"True colors" of female corpse before autopsy
Placement model of Mawangdui tomb 1
Mawangdui 1 Tomb Excavation Site
Female corpse before autopsy
A pathological research group composed of experts is carrying out anatomical work.
(The second tallest person on the left is Professor Peng Longxiang, the leader of the team and the surgeon.)
Excavate the tomb 1
Professor Peng Longxiang's work photos of that year.
More reports-> >
Experts say Mawangdui's female corpse "can live for another 500 years".
"I was the first person to discover the secret of Mawangdui female corpse" —— Interview with the chief surgeon who dissected Mawangdui female corpse. Details >:>
The female corpse of Mawangdui over 2000 years ago was "resurrected" by China police. Details >>
Your wife must be curious about what she looked like two thousand years ago.
Perhaps, following her appearance, we can get a glimpse of the "daily life style" two thousand years ago.
When you see the restored image, you will find that she looks like the woman who passed you in the street, a little beautiful and a little tired.
Because of this amiable appearance, you can imagine that in the Western Han Dynasty two thousand years ago, in a luxurious mansion in Changsha, this pampered woman, like modern women, liked to "paint yellow on the mirror" and "please herself and others" with makeup. I like to wear beautiful and luxurious fashion, and all kinds of clothes made of silk and satin are hung all over the wardrobe. Because of the good living conditions, there are also various "rich diseases" hidden in her body, which need to be supplemented regularly every day to recuperate her body and mind. She is also bored because of the long days and eats snacks from time to time. Maybe this hobby killed her. According to archaeologists, that summer, after eating sweet and delicious seasonal melons, she suffered from coronary heart disease, and a wisp of fragrant soul suddenly passed away.
Perhaps this is what the news of "the resurrection of the old lady Mawangdui" means to all of us. During the two thousand years when the old lady Mawangdui slept, many shocking inventions changed human life and the speed of world operation, but the basic "lifestyle" of human beings continued with a tenacious attitude.
When the news that "the clone is coming out" is flying all over the sky, The Resurrection of the Old Lady Mawangdui gives us a little warmth: when the world "rushes forward" with a wild attitude of acceleration, there are still people who are tirelessly looking for the true meaning of human existence and paying attention to human beings themselves.
—— Editor's note of Hunan Channel
Mystery of "Resurrection" of Mawangdui Female Body in Western Han Dynasty
Xinhua News Agency reporter star Liu
Xin Zhui, the wife of Changsha Prime Minister, who has been "sleeping" in Mawangdui, Changsha for nearly 2,200 years, miraculously "revived" a few days ago. People beyond the boundaries of time and space have witnessed the beautiful face of the Prime Minister's wife. Do you want to know the whole process of restoring the Millennium relics? What technology is used? What is the authenticity?
The recovery of the body found on a whim.
This is the second time that Zhao has restored a body discovered.
On June 65438+1October 1 1 this year, a professor from the Department of Forensic Medicine of China Criminal Police College had a whim when visiting an exhibition of cultural relics unearthed from the Ming Tombs in Jiangxi Provincial Museum: restore the appearance of Wu, the fourth wife of Zhu Dianpei, the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang. 10 days later, the princess who lived more than 500 years ago appeared vividly in front of people, and immediately attracted extensive media attention.
At this time, the exhibition of Mawangdui Han Tomb in Hunan Provincial Museum is preparing for the overall relocation. Chen Jianming, director of the Hunan Provincial Museum, said that the most important thing in the preparatory work is to make full use of the new exhibition hall with high-tech equipment to better publicize and protect the cultural relics unearthed in Mawangdui.
At the beginning of March, the staff of Hunan Provincial Museum learned about Professor Zhao's deeds through the media, and their hearts moved. They immediately contacted Professor Zhao and proposed to restore the appearance of the female corpse of the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. Zhao Xinran agreed.
At the end of March, Zhao made a special trip to Changsha and collected the basic materials needed for recovery within two days. On April 5th, Hunan Provincial Museum officially entrusted Professor Zhao to repair Xin Zhui's appearance nearly 2,200 years after his death.
"Secret weapon" has outstanding performance
Zhao can restore the Millennium relics in a short time, thanks to a portrait simulation system called "Police Star CCK-3". This "secret weapon" embodies Professor Zhao's painstaking efforts for most of his life.
Zhao is the founder of China Criminology. Since 1973, he has been engaged in the research of trace science, and can quickly simulate criminal suspects according to the dictation of insiders. Because Professor Zhao has participated in the detection of many major cases in China, his reputation as a detective has been widely circulated in the public security system before the restoration of the Millennium remains.
"Police Star CCK-3 Portrait Simulation System" is actually the product of the combination of Professor Zhao's actual combat experience and computer technology. It is reported that this system can combine 9 billion times 1 100 million person images without repetition by processing tens of thousands of person photos.
"Research shows that a person's face depends on the shape of the skull. In other words, as long as the skull exists, even if it is disfigured, it can be restored according to certain steps. " Zhao explained.
It is understood that there are four commonly used face restoration methods in the world: oral appearance restoration, painting restoration, sculpture restoration and computer restoration. "These four methods are all based on skulls, but the technical means are different. Among them, Professor Zhao's method is the most suitable for China's national conditions." Professor Yi Weili, head of the Department of Forensic Medicine of China Criminal Police College and anthropologist, commented.
This time, Zhao painted the faces of Xin Zhui at the age of 65, 438+08, 30 and 50 respectively, and also painted the profile of Xin Zhui at the age of 50. The restoration is mainly based on X-ray photos of Xin Zhui's skull, facial photos when unearthed, silk paintings of Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha and related historical documents.
In my eyes, as long as the skull remains intact, there is basically no difference between the female corpse more than two years ago and the corpse encountered in daily case solving. Professor Zhao said calmly: "The female corpse has been buried underground for more than 2,000 years and unearthed for 30 years, but the skull has not changed much. Through the X-ray of the skull, I can determine the basic position and shape of the five senses, and the facial photos provide more reference for restoration. Silk paintings and literature materials have made me understand the life scenes of Xin Zhui in his later years. "
Why did 30-year-old Xin Zhui "resurrect" first?
Xin Zhui, 30, was first "resurrected" by Zhao. "According to anthropological knowledge, human bones are basically formed at the age of 30. Choosing this age to recover first can ensure the effectiveness of skull transmission information as much as possible. " Zhao explained.
Zhao found in the X-ray analysis of Xin Zhui's skull that the decay of the corpse caused Xin Zhui to open his mouth and spit out his tongue after his death, dislocated his lower forehead and deformed his head. "According to the previous laws, this deformation will lead to the shortening of the five senses. For example, a long face becomes a round face, and a Chinese character face becomes a face, "Zhao said. In addition, the shooting angle of X-ray film is not vertical, forming elevation angle, which brings difficulties to repair.
According to this situation, Zhao first scanned the X-ray film into the computer, and then reset the dislocated lower forehead in the computer according to the anatomical structure theory of anatomy. Subsequently, Zhao drew the inner eyeliner, the outer eyeliner, the alar line, the bottom line of the nose, the hairline, the eyebrow line, the cleft lip line, the lower forehead line and the middle line on Xin Zhui's skull according to the theory of "three courts and five eyes" in art.
According to reports, the "three courts" determine the length of the face and the "five eyes" determine the width. Hairline is a sign between a person's forehead and hair. The eyebrow arch line determines the position of the eyebrows, the nasal bottom line refers to the position of the lower nasal segment, and the lower forehead line indicates the bottom line position of the head image. "According to these nine lines, we can basically determine the position, length, width and size of the five senses." Zhao explained.
Xin Zhui's eyes were first identified as almond eyes. Zhao believes that the eye is also the part with the smallest error in the recovery stage of the new vertebra. He said: "According to the shape of the eye hole in Xin Zhui's skull, we can infer that she has almond eyes. Combined with the photos taken when she was unearthed and the anatomical basis of that year, it can be determined that Xin Zhui's eyelashes are very long. The law shows that people with long eyelashes are basically big eyes and double eyelids. "
Compared with eyes, it is relatively easy to determine the shape of Xin Zhui's nose. Judging from the unearthed photos, Xin Zhui's nose is well preserved and can be directly judged as a small pointed nose. However, due to his age, Xin Zhui's nose collapsed a little and his alar began to widen. "Only technical settings are needed." Zhao said to him.
Why is 30-year-old Xin Zhui with thin lips and foxtail eyebrows? Zhao explained: "According to the photo of the corpse, Xin Zhui's lips were found to be thin. According to the crack line, it can be judged that its shape is a typical thin-lipped mouth. Fox-tailed eyebrows are mainly based on the shape of the eyebrow arch on the X-ray film, as well as the eyebrow marks on Xin Zhui and the shape of the eyes that have appeared. "
Xin Zhui's ears were finally confirmed as fat. Zhao said, "The ear is the best preserved part. Although it has gone through thousands of years, it is basically not deformed, just a little bent. Although it is a little smaller, the size can be based on the "upper eyebrow arch line and lower eyebrow bottom line" in the painting. To determine the experience.
The error is within 65438 00%
"There must be errors in the portraits of the ancients more than 2,000 years ago, but according to statistics, the errors should be controlled within 10%," Zhao said.
It is reported that the error of 10% is mainly concentrated in three aspects. The first is the fly in the ointment of X-ray. In the past, Zhao used the skull as the basis for finding the unknown body, but this time there was only an X-ray of the skull, which would inevitably bring some regrets. Yi Weili, director of the Department of Forensic Medicine of China Criminal Police College, said that although Zhao's rich medical knowledge can avoid its adverse effects as much as possible, the restored face is still slightly lacking in three-dimensional sense.
Secondly, Zhao's portrait has a certain personal color. Ye Zhao admitted that Xin Zhui had been beautified, but did not change her facial features and contours. For example, four portraits are all kind-hearted, and the photo of 18 years old has specially lengthened its neck, which is more beautiful from the visual effect. "In any case, the Prime Minister's wife in Changsha is also our ancestor. Beautifying her to a certain extent can also make future generations accept her better. " Zhao said to him.
Thirdly, when Zhao made faces of 50 and 18 years old on the basis of Xin Zhui's 30-year-old face, he mainly relied on statistical reasoning, supplemented by a certain degree of speculation.
According to historical records, Xin Zhui married at the age of 15. Therefore, when Zhao was 18 years old, he consciously painted his eyes bigger, smoother and rounder according to his 30-year-old face, while his eyebrows changed from foxtail eyebrows to willow eyebrows, his mouth was smaller, his ears remained basically unchanged and his cheeks were a little pink. The head is a little bigger. At the same time, there is a certain depression in the chest fossa, which makes it look slightly plump. "Because there are no photos of Xin Zhui when he was young, he can only reason from anthropological knowledge in specific production." Zhao said to him.
When drawing Xin Zhui's 50-year-old face, according to the laws of anthropology, eyes droop, forehead wrinkles, nose wing collapses, nose wing widens, cheeks widen, fat increases and muscles relax. Ears droop and neck thickens. It can be inferred that his oval face turned into a rectangular face at the age of 30.
So as to avoid deviation in recycling as much as possible. After Xin Zhui's faces of all ages were determined, Zhao used-1 micro flash plate-making overlapping comparator to check the faces. The principle is to make the original X-ray film into a reverse film, buckle it on the prepared surface, overlap it with this edge line, compare the vertical and horizontal lines, and detect 9 standard lines at the same time.
"This last procedure is mainly to detect the repaired face, which is a scientific method of self-discipline." Zhao said to him.