The most suitable period for planting longan in a year is from late February to mid-March or early June 10. It is best to choose nutritious cup seedlings or knotweed seedlings, and the requirements are pure, strong and upright grafted seedlings. The row spacing of planting is 5-6 meters, and the plant spacing is 4-5 meters. Before planting dragons, the planting pits should be dug, and the specifications of the planting pits are 1m, width 1m and depth1m. When digging a pit, the topsoil and subsoil should be stacked separately, and the soil should be put back into the planting pit 1-2 months before planting. Add weeds and green manure, sprinkle with lime and mix with topsoil evenly before putting into agriculture. When planting seedlings, dig a small pit in the center of the planting pit, put the seedlings in the pit into the pit, plant them in the soil, and then pour water on them. The whole tree tray is covered with straw. If you encounter dry weather after planting, spray water 1 time every 2-3 days to keep the tree tray moist. Pay attention to the inspection after the rain and drain the accumulated water in time.
How to manage young longan trees?
(1) fertilizer and water management. Fertilizer and water are the material basis for longan growth. Applying sufficient fertilizer to young longan trees in time can make them grow faster, form a crown and bear fruit early.
The first fertilization started 1 month after planting longan saplings. In the future, every time a new bud grows and a new leaf turns green, it is necessary to apply fertilizer once. When topdressing, biogas slurry, pig manure water and other water fertilizers can be used, each tree can be sprayed with 20-25 kg of water fertilizer, and 0. 1 kg of urea or compound fertilizer can be added. Young longan trees have weak cold tolerance, so they need to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when they enter the low temperature period in winter. In addition to adding compound fertilizer in the pit after applying organic fertilizer 1 1 month, it can also be sprayed on the back of leaves with topdressing outside the roots, which can spray 0.6% potassium chloride and 0.2% urea fertilizer solution.
Because the young tree crown and root system of longan are small, the water demand for fertilizer is not great, and the young tree root system is sensitive to fertilizer, so the principle of fertilization for young tree of longan should be diligent and sparse, that is, the concentration of fertilization should not be too large each time, but the number of fertilization should be more to ensure its growth and long-term need of fertilizer.
The rainfall in China's longan producing areas can fully meet the demand of longan growth, but due to the uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year, it is often more in May-August and less in September-April. Therefore, attention should be paid to the drainage of the orchard in rainy season, but attention should be paid to the irrigation of the orchard, especially in August-10, which is the period when the autumn shoots of longan germinate.
(2) Crown management. Young longan trees should undergo necessary shaping and pruning. This is to cultivate a tree with high and stable yield, concentrate nutrients for the effective growth of young trees, and make them crown and bear fruit as soon as possible.
After the longan seedlings are planted and survive, select 3-5 new buds evenly distributed at different angles and cultivate them 30-50 cm from the ground to become the main branches of the crown. When the main branch germinates, 3-5 buds are selected according to the tree shape and cultured into lateral branches. In the next spring, if the seedlings grow spikes, they should be cut off to ensure that the branches and leaves are long and the crown grows fast.