Compass is the operating tool of Li Qijiao, which is mainly composed of a magnetic needle and a series of concentric circles located in the center of the disc, and each circle represents the ancient people in China's understanding of a certain level of information in the big universe system.

The ancients in China believed that man's gas field was controlled by the gas field of the universe, that harmony between man and the universe was auspicious, and disharmony between man and the universe was fierce. So, by experience, they put all levels of information in the universe, such as the stars in the sky, everything represented by the five actions on the earth, heavenly stems and earthly branches and so on. , all on the compass. Geomantic omen is to find the most suitable position or time for a specific person or thing through the rotation of a magnetic needle.

Although the concept of "magnetic field" is not mentioned in geomantic omen, the coordination of the directions, orientations and intervals of each layer on the compass implies the law of "magnetic field".

The invention and application of the compass is the result of human beings' continuous exploration of the mysteries of the universe, society and life. More and more circles and more complex pointer systems on the compass represent the accumulated practical experience of human beings. Of course, whether these experiences are comprehensive and correct needs further study, but the information marked on the compass contains a lot of ancient China wisdom.

compass

(1927 438+00-Minhou, Fujian. Good at comics and Chinese painting. From 65438 to 0950, he began to create cartoons in Shanghai Artists Association and East China People's Fine Arts Publishing House, and was the deputy director of the cartoon studio of Shanghai People's Publishing House. His works include Flying on the Grass, Fighting in Shanghai and Red Rock (eight volumes of cooperation).

The compass consists of three parts:

First, Tianchi: also known as the bottom of the sea, that is, the compass. The Tianchi of the compass consists of thimble, magnetic needle, submerged wire, cylindrical outer box and glass cover, which are fixed in the center of the inner disk. There is a sharp thimble in the center of the bottom surface of the round box, and a concave hole in the center of the bottom surface of the magnetic needle, and the magnetic needle is placed on the thimble. The arrow of the compass points south at one end and north at the other.

There is a red line at the bottom (seabed) of Tianchi Lake, which is called the submarine line, and there are two red dots on both sides of the northern end. When in use, it is necessary to make the northern end of the magnetic needle coincide with the seabed line.

The seabed of modern compasses is painted with a cross, and the top of the cross is printed with southeast and northwest respectively. When in use, the northern end of the magnetic needle should point to the northern end of the submarine reticle, and the magnetic needle should coincide with the north-south line of the submarine.

Second, the inner disk: it is the rotatable disk next to the outside of the compass. Many concentric circles are printed on the inner disk, and one circle is called a layer. Each floor is divided into different equal parts. Some floors have more squares, while others have fewer squares. The least floor is divided into eight squares, and the most floor has 384 squares. Different characters are printed on each grid. There are many kinds of compasses, some with many layers, some with few layers, the most with 52 layers, and the least with only 5 layers.

The contents of the compass are printed on different circles (layers) of the inner disk, which is the main component of the compass. All feng shui schools put the main content on the compass, making China's compass an encyclopedia of China's skills.

Third, the outer disk

The outer disk is square, which is the tray of the inner disk. There is a small hole at the midpoint of the outer side of the four sides, and the red line penetrates into the ten meridians of Tianxin, which is used to read the contents of the inner disk. The ten directions of Tianxin are required to be perpendicular to each other, and the new compass you just bought must be calibrated before use.

Compass is a basic tool to measure the magnetic azimuth of the earth's surface, which is widely used in military, navigation, surveying and mapping, forestry, exploration, construction and other fields.

Compass is actually a tool to measure the square of the ground by using the principle of compass positioning. Compass is used in geomantic omen to cover dragons, remove sand, receive water and determine the sitting direction of buildings.

Second, a brief history of the evolution of the compass

Before the invention of the compass, the ancients used the stars to identify the orientation, observed the Polaris at night to determine the orientation, and identified the orientation by the shadow of the sun during the day. At a very early time, our ancestors invented the compass and the sundial to distinguish the squares of the earth. The sundial is the earliest compass.

Before the invention of the compass, it was impossible to divide the square of the earth very finely. There are only eight directions, north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest, which can be used to describe the direction and orientation. Feng Shui is represented by eight diagrams: Kangua represents the north, Gengua represents the northeast, Zhengua represents the east, Yijigua represents the southeast, Liyu represents the south, Kungua represents the southwest, Dugua represents the west and Gangua represents the northwest.

Sun Gui's positioning divides the ground plane into twelve equal parts, and uses twelve earthly branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai to express the orientation.

With the development of processing industry, the magnetic needle has changed from the initial spoon row to the needle shape, and from the floating magnetic needle to the thimble, which has made a qualitative change in the measurement accuracy of the compass. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong combined the Eight Diagrams and the Twelve Branches into one, and added all the heavenly stems A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren and Gui to the earthwork system to indicate the position except the two branches of E and Ji. Thus, 360 degrees around the horizon is divided into twenty-four equal parts, called twenty-four mountains, each of which accounts for fifteen degrees, and three mountains are a divination, each of which accounts for forty-five degrees. Since the founding of the Tang Dynasty, 24 mountains have been preserved. Therefore, the site of Twenty-four Mountains is one of the main levels in Pan Yang. In the north, there are three mountains: Renzi, Zi and Gui, which belong to the acquired Kangua and the acquired Kungua respectively. Three mountains in the northeast are ugly, ugly and awkward. The day after tomorrow, they belong to divination, which belongs to congenital divination.

The three mountains in the east, A, Mao and B, belong to the deviation between acquired divination and postnatal divination; The three mountains in the southeast are Chen, Xun and Si, the day after tomorrow belongs to Xun Gua, and the congenital belongs to Du Gua;

The three mountains in the south, C, noon and D, are separated from divination the day after tomorrow and are divination for the day after tomorrow; The three mountains in the southwest are not Kun and Shen, and the day after tomorrow belongs to Kun Gua, and the congenital belongs to Kun Gua;

Xisanshan, Geng, You and Xin belong to acquired divination, and divination is congenital; The three mountains in the northwest, dry and sea, belong to the post-heavenly dry divination and congenital divination.

3. Which level on the compass belongs to Pan Yang?

As the founder of Yang Gong geomantic omen, Yang Gong not only established a complete geomantic omen theory, but also reformed the geomantic omen compass reasonably.

The Twenty-four Mountain Plate was created by Yang Gong. Before Yang Gong, there were no complete twenty-four mountain plates, only eight diagrams plates and twelve branches. The compass of the Han Dynasty was marked with eight diagrams, earthly branches and heavenly stems, but the heavenly stems, eight diagrams and twelve earthly branches were divided into three layers with different degrees. Yang Gong rearranged it, and completely distributed Bagua and heavenly stems and earthly branches on the plane, which was an epoch-making creation.

The astrolabe of the Twenty-four Mountains, or the Seventy-two Dragon Pan, was created by Yang Gong in his later years. Through long-term exploration and practice, Yang Gong found that Yin-Yang and Five Elements generally exist in all directions, and the distribution of Yin-Yang and Five Elements according to the attributes of Eight Diagrams and Five Elements is not consistent with the actual situation. It's too rough to use yin and yang dragons as dragons. Through repeated research, the twelve earthly branches and heavenly stems are matched to express the attributes of the dragon, which is called "upside down" five elements. In the "Green Capsule Austrian Language", "upside down, there are jewels on the 24 th Mountain; On the other hand, there is a fire pit on the twenty-fourth mountain, and this "upside down" refers to the seventy-two dragons in Yin Na's five lines.

Han dynasty compass

The celestial disk was also created by Yang Gong. Yang Gong found that there was a big mistake in using the site to receive water in the practice of geomantic omen. According to the principle that the sky is left-handed, and the tunnel is right-handed, he created Pantian Shuangshan, which is used to drain sand and receive water. Only the sky disk on the compass is Shuang Shan, and there is no Shuang Shan on the other disks. The ancients believed that the dragon descended from the sky, belonging to heaven and being yang. Water flows underground, which belongs to the terrane and is cloudy. Because of the displacement effect caused by the relative movement of heaven and earth rotating from left to right, the sky disk used to receive water has to move to the right, so Yang Gong rotated it to the right by 7.5.

Shuang Shan's five elements are three in five, with the Heavenly Palace, with the Shame and Ugly Palace, with the Genyin Palace, with the Jiamao Palace, with Chen Gong, with Xun, Si Palace, with Bingwu Palace, with Ding, Shen Palace, with Gengyou Palace, and with Xinhai Palace. Shuang Shan lies right in the middle of the twelve branches in this area. The twelve earthly branches are organized into three groups according to Wang Sheng's tomb, namely Shenzichen Sanhe Water Bureau, Yin Wu Sanhe Fire Bureau, Siyou Ugly Sanhe Gold Bureau and Haimao Sanhe Wood Bureau. Chen Xuchou is not only the tomb of water, fire, gold and wood, but also an important place for the copulation of yin and yang in Longshui, which is called the four water mouths.

Therefore, this site, together with the Sky Plate and the Seventy-two Dragon Plate, is called "Pan Yang".

Later, in the Song Dynasty, Lai Buyi introduced the Twenty-eight Nights and Five Stars, and added a personal tray dedicated to eliminating sand. The Twenty-four Mountain of Renpan rotates 7.5 degrees counterclockwise relative to the Twenty-four Mountain of Ruins.

Renpan is also called "Lai Pan".

Selection, Calibration and Adjustment of Geomantic Compass

The quality of tools is related to the accuracy of measurement and directly affects the accuracy of vertical lofting. Therefore, to do a good job in Feng Shui, we must know what kind of compass can be used in practice. When purchasing a compass, you can choose according to the requirements detailed below.

The compass consists of three parts: the seabed, the inner disk and the outer disk. The quality of the three parts is closely related to the measurement accuracy of the compass.

Undersea:

1. The circular box on the seabed should be a standard cylinder, and the positioning crosshairs on the seabed should be orthogonal, that is, at an angle of 90 degrees.

2. The casing shall be fixed at the intersection of submarine crosshairs and perpendicular to the seabed. The tip of the thimble should not be damaged. If the needle tip is damaged, the rotation of the magnetic needle will be inflexible.

3, magnetic needle must be straight, have enough magnetism, the weight of both ends should be consistent.

4. It's best to make the seabed cover with glass. Using plexiglass or plastic as the cover is easy to generate static electricity, which has an adsorption effect on the magnetic needle and will affect the measurement accuracy.

5. When the glass cover is covered, turn the seabed upside down, and the magnetic needle should not fall off. When placing the inner plate on the seabed, special attention should be paid to the alignment between the north of the seabed line and the center of the inner plate.

Inner disk:

1. The content of each circle on the inner disk is the main part of the Feng Shui compass. The surface of the CD should be smooth, accurate and clear.

2. Meridians of the twenty-four mountains on site should coincide with Sunday at 360 degrees 0 degrees, 180 degrees, 90 degrees and 270 degrees respectively, and other disks should be set in proper positions according to compass standards.

3. The inner and outer gardens of the inner plate must be standard. After the outer disk is put in, the gap between the inner disk and the outer disk should be kept within a suitable range and the width should be appropriate. The gap is too small, the rotation is not flexible, and the gap is too large, which affects the measurement accuracy.

4, the inner ring should be slightly tight, so that the seabed is not loose. The center of the inner disk should be concentric with the seabed.

Outer disk:

1, the outer disk must be a standard square with four sides not bent or skewed, and the center of the circular groove placed in the inner disk should be in the geometric center of the outer disk.

2. The disk surface should be smooth.

3. Tianxin 10 is the indicator line for reading the contents of each layer of the inner disk, and the four threading holes must be located at the center points of the four sides of the outer disk respectively.

4. For a compass with leveling bubbles, when the bubbles of both leveling bubbles are in the center, the magnetic needle on the seabed should be parallel to the disk surface.

Second, the calibration and adjustment of the outer disk:

1. Measure the four outer angles of the outer disk with a standard protractor, and check whether it is 90 degrees. If the error exceeds 0. 1 degree, it should be polished.

2. Check whether the ten lines of Tianxin are parallel to the four external lines respectively. If they are not parallel, adjust the position of threading holes properly. Check whether the four threading holes are located at the midpoints of the four outer edges respectively. If they deviate from the midpoint, reopen the hole.

3. Check whether the intersection of the Tianxin reticle is aligned with the vertex of the magnetic needle thimble.

4. Align the four endpoints of Tianxin 10 Road to 0 degrees on the inner disk Sunday, and check whether the other three endpoints point to 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees accurately. If there is any error, find out the reason in detail and adjust the position of threading hole appropriately until it is qualified.