In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, King of the Han, Song and Wu Dynasties, unified the powerful forces of Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen. On the fourth day of the first month, he ascended the throne in Yingtianfu, with the title Daming [2]. Because the Ming emperor surnamed Zhu, it was also called [1].
In the early Ming Dynasty, after Zhu Yuanzhang was in power, the national strength grew rapidly. By the time the Ming Dynasty became a ancestor, the national strength reached its peak, and the emperor tried his best to expand his territory for the prosperity of Yongle. After that, the Ming Renzong and Ming Xuanzong periods were still in a prosperous period, which was called the reign of Ren Xuan in history. During the period of Ming Yingzong and Ming Daizong, although the civil war changed, Yu Qian and others defended the enemy and finally lifted the national crisis. Ming Xianzong and Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty shared interest with the people one after another, and the political situation remained stable. Ming Wuzong indulged in amusement, which eventually led to the death of Ming Xiaozong and triggered a grand ceremony debate. After Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, he eliminated the eunuchs and powerful ministers and took charge of the Chaogang. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, generals such as Hu Zongxian and Yu were sent to the southeast coast to pacify the Japanese invaders. Ten years after the death of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, Qin Long's New Deal and the revival of Emperor Wanli led to the restoration of national strength. In the middle of Ming Shenzong, the three expeditions of Wanli were completed, the civil strife was put down, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi's dream of seizing the Korean dynasty was shattered. However, due to national disputes, the emperor gradually neglected political affairs, and the party struggle in Lindong also brought political chaos in the late Ming Dynasty, which was known as Wanli's political neglect in history. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty, although the eunuch party in Wei Zhongxian was in great trouble, it was not until four cases acceded to the throne that the eunuch dictatorship was abolished. However, the policy mistakes and natural disasters of the Ming dynasty continued, and the Ming dynasty finally perished in Dashun, which was established by the peasant army. 1644, Ming Sizong hanged himself in Jingshan Park, Beijing, and enjoyed his life for 276 years in the Ming Dynasty. Subsequently, the Manchu army defeated the Dashun army and entered the Central Plains. The successive regimes of Nan Ming and Zheng Ming lasted for decades until the Qing army occupied Taiwan Province Province in 1683 [1].
The territory of the Ming Dynasty includes 18 provinces in the mainland today. Tribes who arrived in northeastern Japan, outer Xing 'an Mountains and Heilongjiang Valley in their early years all had suzerainty [Note 3], and later they were reduced to Liaohe Valley. Arrived in the Gobi desert in the north in the early years, and later changed to the Great Wall today; Northwest to Hami, Xinjiang, and later changed to Jiayuguan; It has also set up detention centers in Manchuria, Dongjiang and Tibet. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, he briefly conquered and ruled Annan (now Yuebei) [1], 14 15 years, and the territory of the Ming Dynasty reached about 7.3 million square kilometers.
The Ming Dynasty is another prosperous Central Plains dynasty after the prosperous times of Han and Tang Dynasties, and it was once one of the most prosperous countries in handicraft industry and economy. In Ming History, the official history book of Qing Dynasty, it is even considered that Hongwu and Yongle were "unifying Tang and Song Dynasties" and "taking Han and Tang Dynasties far away" during their reign. However, due to the excessive concentration of imperial power in the Ming Dynasty, emperors often ignored political affairs or eunuchs exercised power [1].
The name of the Ming Dynasty was inherited from the name of Han Liner, the king of Xiaoming [3]. There are some Ming followers under Zhu Yuanzhang, who take "Ming" as their title to show their orthodox status, and at the same time use the "Wang Ming was born" in Zoroastrianism to predict. Secondly, according to the theory of five virtues, it is said that the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty with fire.
Directory [hidden] Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang (1328- 1398) became emperor in 1368 and reigned for 3 1 year.
The Ming Dynasty was founded in 1368, with Nanjing as its capital. He died on 1398 at the age of 7 1.
Hui Di Zhu Yunwen (1377- 1402) ascended the throne, with the year number "Wen Jian" 1398, and reigned for five years.
Zhu Yunwen, a native of Ming Huidi, had no posthumous title in the Ming Dynasty. In the first year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty, posthumous title was called "Emperor Wen Jian" in history. Sexual indecision.
Hui Di, the great-grandson, the second son of Crown Prince Zhu Biao, and Zhu Yuanzhang were sealed to the royal family when he was alive. More than 20 sons were sealed and stationed in various places. After Hui Di ascended the throne, in order to unify the military and political affairs, he cut off the governors and angered the kings. Judy, the prince of Yan, invaded Nanking in 1402. Hui Di said that he was burned to death and escaped.
Judy (1360- 1424) ascended the throne with the year "Yongle" 1402, and reigned for 23 years.
Judy, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, overthrew Ming Huidi's independence in 1420, moved the capital to Beijing in142/0, and ordered the compilation of Yongle Dadian. 1424 died at the age of 65.
Injong Zhu Gaochi (1378- 1425) ascended the throne, with the year number "Hongxi" 1424 and reigned 1 year.
Renzong, the eldest son of Ming Taizu Chengzu, was politically sober and took some measures to ease social contradictions. /kloc-0 reigned in/and/kloc-0 died in/425 at the age of 48.
Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji (1398- 1435) took the title of "Xuande" 1425 and was in office1year.
Like his father, Xuanzong, the eldest son of Injong, listened to the opinions of his deputies better and called Injong "the rule of Ren Xuan". During the reign of Xuanzong, the relationship between monarch and minister was harmonious and the economy developed steadily. Xuanzong died in 1435 at the age of 38.
The year number of Yingzong Zhu Qizhen (1427- 1464) is "orthodox"; "Tianshun" (1435-1449; 1457- 1464) reigned for 23 years.
Emperor Yingzong, the eldest son of Xuanzong, was only 9 years old when he acceded to the throne, and was monopolized by eunuch Wang Zhen. 1449, Wala invaded the south on a large scale, and Wang Zhenxi was personally recruited by Yingzong. Yingzong was captured, known as the "rebellion" in history, and was put back in 1450. It was not until 1457 that he ascended the throne again. He died in 1464 at the age of 38.
Jingdi Zhu Qiyu (1428- 1457) ascended the throne with the year number "Jingtai" 1449, and reigned for 9 years.
Yingzong, the second son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was captured and made emperor. After he ascended the throne, he was used to demote himself as the minister of war, which shattered Valla's attack on Beijing and forced Valla to return to Yingzong. After Yingzong was put back, Jingdi put him under house arrest until 1475, when Jingdi was critically ill and Yingzong was made emperor again. Jingdi died in 1457, aged 30.
Xian zong Zhu Jianshen (1447- 1487) ascended the throne with the year number "Chenghua" 1464, and he reigned for 24 years.
Xianzong, the eldest son of Yingzong, was good at magic and indulged in womanhood, causing eunuchs to "rape and bully the state affairs." 1487, Xianzong died at the age of 4 1.
Xiaozong Zhu Youtang (1470- 1505) ascended the throne with the year number "Hongzhi" 1487 and reigned for 19 years.
Filial piety, the third son of Xianzong. Filial piety's "continuing the regular administration and opening its mouth wide" has changed the situation of treacherous court officials in power since the British Zong Dynasty. Known as the "Lord of ZTE". He died on 1505 at the age of 36.
Zhu Houzhao (1491-1521) ascended the throne as "Zheng De" 1505 and reigned for 17 years.
Wu Zong, the eldest son of Xiao Zong. He was a famous absurd emperor in the Ming Dynasty, and he was lewd. He died in 152 1 at the age of 3 1.
Sejong Zhu Hougan (1507- 1566) ascended the throne with the year number "Jiajing" 152 1 year, and reigned for 46 years.
Sejong, xian Zongsun, father xing. Sejong did a lot in the early stage, killing eunuchs and sparing the people, but in the later stage, he was dissolute and politically corrupt, and peasant uprisings broke out many times. Sejong died of taking Dan medicine poisoning at the age of 60.
General Muzhu ascended the throne with the title of "Qin Long" (1537- 1572) and was in office for seven years.
Mu Zong, the third son of Sejong. He reigned for 7 years and died in 1572 at the age of 36.
Zhu Yijun (1563- 1620) ascended the throne as "Wanli" 1572 and reigned for 48 years.
Zongshen, the third son of Mu Zong. When he acceded to the throne, he was only 10 years old, and Empress Chen and Li Guifei presided over the state affairs. After Zongshen was in power, he lived in seclusion, indulged in pleasure and became politically corrupt. When Zongshen was in power, Nurhachi in the north established the post-Jin Dynasty to spy on the Central Plains. Zongshen died on 1620 at the age of 58.
Guangzong Zhu Changluo (1582- 1620) ascended the throne with the year "Taichang" 1620, and was in the reign of 65438+ 10 month.
Guangzong, the eldest son of Zongshen. He is a greedy and lecherous emperor. On the day of his accession to the throne, he fell ill because of excessive greed, and later died of excessive use of cinnabar. At the age of 39.
Xizong Zhu Youxiao (1605- 1627) ascended the throne as "Apocalypse" 1620 and reigned for 8 years.
Xi political corruption. Nuerhachi Sect, the eldest son of Guangzong. When he was in office, he appointed eunuch Wei Zhongxian, which led to the opportunity to capture Shenyang. Xizong died in 1627 at the age of 23.
Four cases of Zhu Youjian (16 10- 1644) acceded to the throne with the year number "Chongzhen" 1627 and reigned 17.
The fifth son of Guangzong has four cases. After acceded to the throne, so Wei Zhongxian, very diligent, struggling to cheer up, but it is difficult to reverse, peasant uprisings broke out everywhere, and Huang Taiji in the north constantly harassed and violated, and he was suspicious and headstrong in Chongzhen. Finally, 1644, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan. At the age of 35. Before he died, he wrote a big book on his blue robe, "Don't hurt anyone."
Emperor Nan Ming:
Hong Guang (1644- 1645), Emperor Zhu Yousong, was about to be put to the test.
Zhu Shaozongxiang (1645- 1646) Emperor Longwu.
Zhu Yuyu Yuwen Festival Shao Wuling Shaowu Emperor (1646).
Emperor Zhao Zongkuang of Zhu Youlang made a perpetual calendar (1646-1662) to make a permanent tomb.
The list of Ming emperors refers to 16 Ming emperors from the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to the fourth Ming emperor Zhu Youjian.