Mo Bosang's full name is guy de maupassant (1850-1893):1893, an outstanding French critical realism writer in the second half of the 9th century, who studied under the famous French writer Flaubert. He wrote six novels and more than 350 short stories in his life, among which short stories are the most outstanding. He is one of the three great masters of short stories in the world, which is as famous as Chekhov and O'Henry, and has a far-reaching influence on later generations. He is good at intercepting typical fragments from trivial matters and summing up the truth of life from childhood to adulthood. His short stories are ingenious in conception, changeable in plot, vivid and meticulous in description, depicting human feelings and the world, which makes people memorable after reading them. Mo Bosang was born in August 1850 in a declining aristocratic family near Diebou, Normandy, northwest France. His ancestors were all nobles, but they declined in his father's generation, and his father became a broker of the exchange. His mother was born in a scholarly family and loved literature. She often comments on literary works and has unique opinions. Shortly after Mo Bosang was born, his parents separated because of frequent conflicts. He and his mother live in a villa by the sea. As a child, Mo Bosang liked to play in the apple orchard, watch hunting on the grassland, chat and work with farmers, fishermen, boatmen and hunters. These experiences made Mo Bosang familiar with rural life from an early age. Since childhood, his mother trained him to write poems. When his son became a famous writer, she was still a literary consultant, critic and assistant of Mo Bosang, so his mother was his first teacher on the road of literary creation. Another writer who laid the foundation for Mo Bosang to embark on the road of literature is Louis Buye, who was a literature teacher at Rouen Middle School, 13 years old. Louis Buye is a famous Barnabas poet. He often instructs Mo Bosang to create various literary genres. 1870, Mo Bosang went to Paris to study law after graduating from high school. This year, the Franco-Prussian War broke out and he was drafted into the army. In the army, he witnessed the danger of the motherland and the soldiers groaned in a pool of blood. He was very sad. He wants to write down what he has seen and heard and inspire people's patriotic enthusiasm. After the war, Mo Bosang retired and returned to Paris. From 65438 to 0878, I started writing after working in the Ministry of Education. At that time, Flaubert, an old friend of his uncle and a great writer, became Mo Bosang's literary tutor, and they forged a father-son mentoring relationship. Flaubert was determined to impart his creative experience to Mo Bosang. Mo Bosang respected Yan Shi's teaching very much, and sent every exercise to Flaubert for review. Flaubert meticulously revised his exercises, praised many of Mo Bosang's works, but urged him not to rush to publish them. Therefore, in the 1970s, Mo Bosang wrote a lot, but rarely published it, which was the preparatory stage of his literary creation. Boule de Suif (1880) was selected as a collection of short stories in Meitang Evening News, which jumped into the French literary world and reached its peak in the 1980s. During the period of 10, he wrote six novels: Life (1883), Good Friends (1885), Hot Springs (1886), Pierre and John and As Strong as an Elephant. These works exposed the dark inside story of the Third Republic. Cabinet officials deceived the parliament and people from the interests of financial giants and launched an imperialist war to plunder the African colony Morocco. Attacked the corruption, greed, deception and shamelessness of the ruling clique. Mo Bosang also wrote more than 350 short stories, exposing the upper rulers and their poisonous social atmosphere, and at the same time expressing deep sympathy for the insulted and damaged little people. The theme of short stories can be roughly summarized into three aspects. The first is to satirize vanity and money worship, such as Necklace and My Uncle Yule. The second is to describe the miserable experience of working people and praise their integrity, simplicity and generosity, such as return; The third is to describe the Franco-Prussian War and reflect the patriotic feelings of the French people, such as boule de suif. The ingenious layout structure of Mo Bosang's short stories. The choice of typical details, lyrical narrative techniques and fluent and natural writing style all provided models for later writers. In addition, his keen observation is also commendable. Since Flaubert's apprenticeship, he has traveled long distances from Paris to Flaubert's residence in the suburbs of Rouen with his new exercises every Sunday to listen to Flaubert's comments on the exercises he handed in the previous week. Flaubert is very strict with him. First of all, he is required to observe things keenly and thoroughly. Following the teacher's guidance, Mo Bosang gradually became good at discovering the features that others did not find and did not write. Later, he said that writers should observe things carefully and keenly. He said that you should observe everything you want to express in detail and for a long time, and you should concentrate on it before you can find those aspects that no one has seen or said so far. In order to describe a burning fire or a tree on the ground, we need to stand in front of the fire or the tree until we feel that they are different from other flames and other trees. "On one occasion, Flaubert also suggested that Mo Bosang do this exercise, ride out for a run, come back after an hour or two, and write down everything he saw. Mo Bosang exercised his observation in this way for a year. In addition, Flaubert asked him to listen to the sound of carriages in the street to train his observation. 1880, Mo Bosang's masterpiece boule de suif was published, which made Mo Bosang a blockbuster, and readers called him a literary star. From then on, he jumped into the French literary world. Most of Mo Bosang's works were written in the period of 10, from this time to 1890. During this period, he wrote about 300 short stories, 6 novels, 3 travel notes, 1 poems and other essays. Mo Bosang's works have a great influence on later generations. In addition to boule de suif (1880), Mo Bosang also wrote Family (188 1), My Uncle Yule (1883) and Dad Miron (65438+). Mo Bosang's novels have also made relatively high achievements. He wrote six novels: Life (1883), Good Friends (also translated by Belami, 1885), Hot Springs (1886) and Pierre and John (1887). Turgenev considered himself the "most outstanding genius" in French literature at the end of 19. Tolstoy thinks that his novels have "formal beauty" and "clear distinction between love and hate". He is a genius because he "sees things not what he wants to see, but what they are", thus "exposing and exposing things, making people love what is worth loving and hate what is worth hating. Zola: His works are colorful, wonderful and breathtaking. Engles: "You should take off your hat to Mo Bosang. "Because his short stories are so famous, his achievements in novel creation have been lost. In fact, he is not only a master of short stories, but also has made great achievements in novel creation. He inherited the realistic traditions of Balzac, Stendhal and Flaubert, and opened up a new way in psychological description. Beauty is one of his masterpieces. Mo Bosang is not satisfied with the achievements of short stories. After his fame rose, he often set foot in the upper class and broadened his horizons. He thought of reflecting social reality from a broader background, and novels provided him with a handy tool. From the first novel "Life" to the second novel "Belle Ami", his writing style has changed from personal life to newspapers and politics, with much richer content, which can be called a social novel with profound exposure and sharp irony. He worked hard all his life, became insane due to overwork, and was later sent to a mental hospital in Paris. 1On July 6th, 893, Mo Bosang passed away at the age of 43. Although he lived only 43 years old, he left more than 300 short stories and 6 novels, and for a long time, he wrote with a sick body, which was amazing; What's more, for a century or two, his novels have always maintained immortal artistic charm. His great achievement in short stories lies in his reputation as a "master of short stories in the world", and his novels have hundreds of millions of readers, and have been constantly adapted into movies, which are popular all over the world.