Wu Zetian is a politician and reformer. In her political career of more than forty years, she carried out a series of reforms with superhuman courage and fearless courage. These reforms involved many aspects of politics, economy, military affairs, culture and social life, and had a great influence on the development of the history of the Tang Dynasty.

First, participate in reform during state affairs.

During the reign of Tang Gaozong, Wu Zetian participated in state affairs for more than 20 years and helped Tang Gaozong carry out some reforms. The reform in this period mainly focused on adjusting the internal relations of the ruling class and improving administrative efficiency. The contents of the reform include changing the genealogy to surname genealogy and partially adjusting the official system.

Genealogy is a book about the rank of the gentry compiled during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong. The purpose of Tang Taizong's genealogy compilation is to attack those old gate valves that are not conducive to his rule, and to support those counselors who made contributions in the process of the establishment and reunification of the Tang Dynasty and set up their own homes in the "Xuanwu Gate Change" in order to consolidate the rule of the Li Dynasty. In fact, after the publication of Genealogy, it did play such a role to some extent. However, with the passage of time and the development of society, genealogy has become a tool to safeguard the interests of elders and dignitaries, and it has also become a major obstacle to the promotion of "cold families". At that time, the power of civilians developed rapidly. Many people have made a fortune economically and demanded corresponding political status, but their official careers are mostly controlled by gentry; Although some people entered the official position through the imperial examination, they often "can't make progress", so they don't like genealogy. In this way, it is necessary for Tang Gaozong to revise its genealogy. Although Wu Zetian was already prominent at this time, his family background was not included in the genealogy. Therefore, writing books is Wu Zetian's wish. Therefore, Wu Zetian helped Tang Gaozong to issue an order to modify the genealogy. Zi Jian (Volume 200) was published in June, 2004: Ding Mao (Twenty-second Return), which changed the genealogy into a surname record. At the beginning, Emperor Taizong ordered Gao Shilian and others to compile Genealogy and take it up and down, saying it was allowed. Therefore, Xu and others, because their books did not describe Wu's original hopes, asked for revision. Ordered does, Langzhong, Kong Zhi, etc. There should be ups and downs, and the family behind should be the first. The rest should be based on the official quality of the Tang Dynasty, all of which should be ninth grade. Therefore, the gentry used military merit to reach the fifth grade, so as to predict the flow direction of the gentry. At that time, people called it' seeking songs'. "Don Yao Hui" volume 36 has a similar record. On the surface, the change of genealogy to surname genealogy only re-divided the ranks of the gentry with different standards. In fact, it has greatly adjusted the status of all classes of the ruling class, and its influence cannot be underestimated. It restricted the power of gentry and bureaucrats since the early Tang Dynasty, safeguarded the interests of emerging bureaucrats and nobles, and opened up a broad road for the further development of civilian landlord forces.

After changing Genealogy into Surname Genealogy, Wu Zetian helped Tang Gaozong to make some adjustments to the official system, such as the establishment of a title of generals in ancient times in 656. In February of the second year of Longshuo (662), the ministerial order was abolished. In February of the second year (669), the same theory entered the topic. In July of the first year of Yongchun (682), I set up a state drive; Those who make westernization level 4 or below understand politics are in the name of Pingzhang affairs. Another example is that in February of the second year of Longshuo (662), the province under the door was changed to Dongtai, the province of Zhongshu was changed to Xitai, and the province of Shangshu was changed to Zhongtai; The assistant minister is left, the secretariat is right, the servant is rectification, the prime minister is Xiao Ji, the minister is Tai, and the assistant minister is Shao. The other 24 divisions, Yu Shitai, Jiu Si, Qi Jian and Shi Liuwei, were renamed as volunteer training. In the selection of civil servants, in view of the situation of "long-term security, multiple choices" in the second year of General Chapter (669), a new civil servant selection system was formulated. According to Pei Xingjian's suggestion, a long name and surname table was set up, and the annotation method was divided into four parts. Dingzhou County was promoted, and the government and capital competed with each other, recruiting talents according to the four standards of "style", "speech", "book" and "sentence". Ministry of war examination, including riding and shooting, wing clearance and negative meter. The county officials in central Guizhou, Lingnan and central Fujian were not sent by the official department, so the viceroy chose natives to make up for them. Where the residence official takes the annual examination, it will be less than Grade 6, and the four exams will be full. In August of the first year of Yifeng (676), there was also a "Southern Election". In order to improve ethnic relations, a large number of leaders of neighboring ethnic minorities and chiefs of neighboring countries were attracted to serve in the DPRK. For example, in the first year of Longshuo (66 1), Tuhuoluo, Persia and other countries 16 set up the governor's office, 76 states, 1 10 county, 126 military office, which was placed under the governor's office of Anxi.

In addition, Wu Zetian also put forward some important reform ideas. Shi Zai, in December of the first year of Shangyuan (674), Wu Zetian said: "Twelve suggestions: First, persuade farmers to be generous; Second, give the land of Sanqin; Third, stop fighting and moralize the world; Fourth, it is forbidden for the north and the south to be smart; Five; Save labor and effort; Sixth, strict light path; 7. Dewey's mouth; Eight, princes will learn from Laozi; Nine, the father served Cui Zi for his mother for three years; Ten, before the Yuan Dynasty, the hero did not reply to the confession; Eleven, Beijing official eight or above welfare sharing; Twelve, hundreds of officials have served for a long time, and those below the high position are advanced. " Tang Gaozong sent a letter of implementation. Examples like this can be seen everywhere. Through these reforms, the social relations were straightened out, the achievements of "Zhenguan rule" were maintained, and the politics, economy, military and culture of the Tang Dynasty were developed to a certain extent.

Second, the reform in the period of regime change.

After Tang Gaozong's death, Wu Zetian began to live in the imperial court. In September of the first year of civilization (684), it was changed to Guangzhai, and the world was pardoned. At the same time, the names of flags, costumes and officials were ordered to be changed; Change "Du Dong" to "Shen Du" and change Luoyang Palace to "Taichu Palace". This practice aroused the dissatisfaction of some imperial clan members and "the emperor and the old minister of the Tang Dynasty", and Xu Jingye rebelled. Wu Zetian sent troops to quell the rebellion with an iron fist. A year later, when the society became stable, Wu Zetian wrote "Restoration of imperial power (Zong Rui)". Tang Ruizong accepted the official order, and Wu Zetian continued to claim the title of imperial court until the first year of her reign (690). During this period, Wu Zetian's reform was centered on changing the dynasty.

(1) Open the road. In February of the first year of the hanging arch (685), Wu Zetian made the following order: "There is no need to defend the drums and lung stones placed in the imperial court. Those who beat the drums and set up stones will make the imperial history like this." In March, 686, the second year of the vertical arch, a skillful craftsman was asked to make four bronze swallows, with * * as a room and "four doors" placed in the court in four colors, namely green, red, white and black, in order to collect the appearance of ordinary people in the world: the blue swallows were in the east, named "Yan En", and the white towns were told to be "rehabilitated" in the west. Black people in the north, named "Xuan Tong", devoted themselves to "seeking the wise". Let the doctor who remonstrates, fills the gaps and picks up the remains serve as the ambassador and the governor of the imperial court. "The books are advancing day by day and go hand in hand until dusk." "Because there are many good and evil in the world."

(2) Expand career paths. First of all, we should institutionalize "regular promotion", insist on offering courses every year, and don't stop paying tribute under any excuse. Secondly, adjust the subjects of the undergraduate course. Focus on the development of Tianjin Branch, moderately develop all kinds of branches, and lower the status of Mingjing Branch. At the same time, expand the system, shorten the system time and expand enrollment. In order to further recruit talents, Wu Zetian also founded the palace entrance examination. In the first year (690), in February, Xin You (14), the Empress Dowager Gong entered the Los Angeles Temple. Gong and the palace exam began. " In addition, Wu Zetian also adopted the method of unconventional employment. In May of the first year of the hanging arch (685), "to control the inside and outside of the nine categories, the people should bootstrap. "No matter on-the-job officials or ordinary people, as long as they are talented, they can recommend themselves. While expanding her official career, Wu Zetian also attached great importance to the training of officials. To this end, she took time out of her busy schedule to personally write the book "The Way to Be an Official" and put forward requirements for officials from ten aspects. The central idea is to require officials to be people who have both ability and political integrity and are loyal to the monarch and love the people.

(3) Strengthening the legal system. Wu Zetian sent someone to delete the legal format of the imperial period again. The guiding ideology of amending laws and regulations is to make laws and save punishment. She said: "I love education, and I am deeply saddened. The sparse network has been restored, and it is still the same; Harsh politics is a contempt for good hearts. Fang Yihua does nothing, and the industry is light and prosperous. " Because the book of Yong itself "reached the balance between ancient and modern times", it was revised in the same way, "only 24 articles were changed". For the format, according to the principle of convenient use at that time, it was greatly changed and compiled into two volumes, six volumes and two volumes. Because Wu Zetian's leading thought is correct, and Yu Shiwei and Wang Shoushen are proficient in law, this hanging arch format, "the commentator calls it detailed and secret", has achieved considerable results after its implementation. Wu Zetian hated cruel officials at first, but when her power was threatened, she began to use them to attack political opponents. This change is more or less disclosed in the history books. For example, "A Record of the Laws of the Old Tang Dynasty" said: "The celestial dynasty, at first, wants to attract attention." "However, God's use of punishment is strict. After the rebellion in Xu Jingye, the people's hearts did not dare to shake, and they wanted to rule the world by force, gradually attracting cruel officials, convinced that they were profound, and sentenced to prison case by case. " It is cruel to reuse cruel officials and deal with political enemies by means of false accusation, confession and punishment. But this is very important to Wu Zetian. Feudal historians said: Wu Zetian touched Tang Ding because of the arrogance and justice of cruel officials, and died in a cage. Zhu Jingze, the trusted minister of Wu Zetian, also said that Wu Zetian was outspoken and cruel. "So I can't count the seats, I can't recognize Wei, and my life is natural and changes hands." These comments exaggerate the role of cruel officials from different angles, but there is no doubt that reusing cruel officials is an important step for Wu Zetian to move towards the throne of the emperor.

(4) Political reform. While attacking political opponents, Wu Zetian built a "Tang Ming" in Luoyang. The letter said: "Time changes easily, or you don't follow it, it's self-defeating. Today, the upper hall is a place for strict matching, and the lower hall is a place for political envoys. " This paper expounds the idea of "making the past serve the present, making the best use of everything", puts the famous works on the agenda, and held the famous works activities in the first year of Yu Yongchang (the first month of 689). After enjoying the main hall, Wu Zetian carried out a series of "only new activities". For example, change the hundred riding of the Yulin Army into dry riding, firmly control the imperial army, change its course, give preferential treatment to the families of the fallen soldiers, rectify the customs, rituals and music system, and reform the writing. In addition, religion is also used to create public opinion for regime change. According to historical records, "Huai Yi, the Great Cloud Sutra and Chen Fusheng Ping" said that heaven was Maitreya's next life, Yan Fu was a master, and the Tang Dynasty was a microcosm. He also said, "The Great Cloud Sutra was written by monks in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, which stated that the Empress Dowager was born of Maitreya and the contemporary Tang Dynasty was a master." Xue Huaiyi and others skillfully linked the old Buddhist sutras with real life, and sparse sutras highlighted the theme that the jade emperor was ordered by heaven. So Wu Zetian was very satisfied after reading it, and immediately promulgated the world, making the States set up Dayun Temple. At that time, people talked about the appointment of the Jade Emperor from Bohai Sea in the east, Qingshan Mountain in the west, Jiao Jiao in the south and desert in the north.

(5) Change the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty. In September of the first year of Chu (690), two large-scale petitions took place in Luoyang, the capital of the gods. Tens of thousands of civil and military officials, people from far and near, chiefs of Siyi and monks demanded that Wu Zetian change the dynasty and become emperor. Therefore, Wu Zetian ordered the headquarters to "respect the imperial code" and "restore the emperor's outline" and prepare for the etiquette of changing the dynasty. On September 9, Wu Zetian held a grand ceremony of enthronement in Luoyang, announcing that the Tang Dynasty would be changed to Zhou Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty would be granted another day, "Great change in the world, salt reform". Five days later, ministers awarded him the title of "Emperor of the Holy Spirit". Instead, he became the heir and changed his surname to Wu. "Your name is still the wheel. He lives in the East Palace and is better equipped than the Crown Prince." At this point, "Wu Zhou" replaced "Li Tang". Wearing a crown and a dragon robe, Wu Zetian became a unique female emperor in the history of China.

It is precisely because of Wu Zetian's resourcefulness and assessment of the situation that she adopted a series of effective measures, won the support of the majority, subdued a few opposition parties, and the regime change was carried out smoothly. It is an unheard-of miracle for a woman to change dynasties and maintain social stability without leaving the palace. Chen Ziang's so-called "Emperor Fu Wei expounded Yuanji and promoted Zitu, which made the surrounding rooms. If the old is not changed, the world will be new, which the emperor has never seen. " Not rhetoric. After the enthronement ceremony, Wu Zetian held a memorial service for the Wu family: seven temples of the Wu family were established in Shendu. Soon, "changing the country into a capital of gods" became a symbol of "Big Week". Then the left and right feather forest armies were changed to the left and right feather forest guards to strengthen the military strength of Shendu, form an external-centered situation and ensure the safety of Shendu.

Third, the reform during the governance period.

The establishment of the "Da Zhou" regime broke the situation of dictatorship by men for thousands of years, and at the same time the people's thoughts were violently turbulent. Many scholars broke through the shackles of traditional ideas and supported the regime of Wu Zhou, while many scholars stuck to the remnants and were hostile to the regime of Wu Zhou. In order to consolidate the regime of Wu Zhou, Wu Zetian worried about the country and the people, made great efforts to govern, and implemented and formulated many effective policies.

First, unify our thinking.

In Confucianism, no woman can be an emperor, but it advocates "Jun Jun, ministers, father and son", which is extremely beneficial to maintaining the rule. Therefore, after Wu Zetian became emperor, she began to adjust the internal relations of the highest ruling class by using the parts of Confucianism that were beneficial to her rule. During the reign of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Taizong, Li ruled the country and Li was the imperial clan. When Wu Zetian was queen and empress dowager, her maiden Wu was a consort. After Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, she changed the "reputation" of the two families. The throne, imperial clan, ancestral hall and mausoleum once enjoyed by the Li family will now be replaced by Wu. The throne is the supreme emperor position. Before the "Revolution" on September 9th, the first year of God-given, Zong Rui lived on the throne. On September 15, Wu Zetian called him "the emperor" and reduced him to the crown prince, giving him the name Wu. Reduce the crown prince to the grandson. The imperial clan is the emperor's clan. The imperial clan before the "revolution" was a department of Li Yuan. After the "revolution", in the winter of the first year, Wu Zetian was a "feudal" relative, and Guang Shu was a "clan": the warrior who chased the uncle was the king of Chu, and Shiyi was the king of Shu Festival; Half-brother Yuan Qing is King Liang Xian and Shuang Yuan is King Wade. Feng Yuan's twin sons Wu was named Wang Wei and Yuan was named Wu Sansi. All fathers, brothers and sons are county kings. Before the Tang Dynasty changed to the Zhou Dynasty, Li had a ancestral temple and a mausoleum. A week after the change of the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian ordered the establishment of the seventh Wu Temple in Luoyang, the capital. He lived for two years to commemorate the third generation of ancestors and changed the name of the mausoleum accordingly.

Wu Zetian thinks it is necessary to advocate rites and music with Confucianism, so she actively promotes the system of rites and music to unify people's thoughts. There are a lot of activities in this area, besides the regular sacrifices in the Mingtang, there are also seven treasures, worship of gods and casting Jiuding. "Seven treasures" were originally the seven treasures of Buddhism. There were eight seals in the Tang Dynasty, namely the seal of God, the seal of jade, the seal of emperor, the seal of emperor, the seal of emperor, the seal of emperor, the seal of emperor, the seal of emperor and the seal of emperor. "God seals to Zhenhua, but hides it. The emperor sealed the Zen ceremony, the emperor sealed the princes, the emperor sealed the princes, the emperor believed that he called the princes, the emperor sealed the four foreigners, the emperor sealed the four foreigners, and the emperor believed that he called the four foreigners and sealed the mud. " After Wu Zetian ascended the throne, "all seals became treasures." In September of the second year of longevity, it was also called "Golden Wheel Emperor". After wearing the veil of Buddhism, they made seven kinds of treasures different from the seven treasures of Buddhism, but related to Buddhism, namely Golden Wheel Treasure, Hundred Elephant Treasure, Female Treasure, Ma Bao, Jewelry, Chief Weapon Treasure and Chief Treasure. "Where the court, Chen Zhidian court." A symbol of their power over the past. Zen has always been regarded as a great gift of emperors. After Wu Zetian proclaimed herself emperor, she made up her mind to climb Songshan Mountain. Long live the diary. On the eleventh day of the twelfth lunar month, Wu Zetian "boarded the Jade Palace, surrounded the gods and guided the group." Suiling laurel calyx, climbing pine, crossing Zheng Lao out of the flue, venting fierce drought and ban Tianmen ",boarded the top of Zhongyue." Then amnesty the world. Long live Gaiyuan Dengfeng. The self-made "Zhong Sheng Tree Cup" stands in the third place of the memorial altar. This also prompted Li Chan to write "Datong Book". Cui Rong wrote "Pilgrimage Monument" to commemorate the Guanchan incident. Jiuding is a national treasure symbolizing the country in ancient times. According to legend, it is like casting Jiuding's Kyushu. The funeral, ding moved to the Shang dynasty. Business ethics declined, the capital was moved to Luoyi, and Qin wanted to take it. One of them sank in Surabaya, and the whereabouts of the other eight were unknown. All located in Pengcheng, Surabaya. Knowing that Zhou Ding was hard to find, Wu Zetian levied more than 560,000 Jin of copper, and recast it with Zong Jinqing, the minister of agriculture. In April of the first year (697), Ding Cheng ordered calligraphers Jia, Xue, Zhong Shaojing to subtitle Ding, and asked painter Cao Yuanlang to draw mountains and rivers of various states on Ding. Then, the Prime Minister and the kings led more than 100,000 guards in the north and south, as well as Daniel and the white elephant in the battle, and dragged Ding from the workshop outside Xuanwu Gate into the palace. "In a friend's court, both sides have ranks."

Wu Zetian sealed Zhongyue and cast Jiuding, which undoubtedly advocated the unity of heaven and man and engaged in personal worship. However, the most outstanding performance in this respect is the acceptance of honorifics. After the Tang Dynasty changed to the Zhou Dynasty, ministers were respected repeatedly. Wu Zetian approved the invitation of ministers and called it "Emperor of the Holy Spirit". This means that she is different from the previous feudal emperors, not ordinary mediocrity, but a talented and powerful emperor. On September 9th of the following year, he was called the "Golden Wheel Emperor". Borrowing the meaning of "King of Golden Wheel" in Buddhism, he said that he was an emperor as wise as King of Golden Wheel. On May 11th, three years, he was called "the Emperor of the Ancient Golden Wheel". In the year of Shengyuan (695), the first day of the first lunar month was called "Cishi Yuegu Jinlun Shensheng Emperor"; September 9, also known as "the golden wheel of the heavenly book is in the holy emperor." From the "Emperor of the Holy Spirit" to the "Great Sage Emperor of the Golden Wheel in the Book of Heaven", the status is getting higher and higher. In addition, there are activities to establish Shu Tian. In the first year of Yanzai (694), Mu Yi, the leader of the vassals, donated money to build the Shu Tian outside Ruimen to commemorate the achievements of Wu Zetian. On April 1 day in 695, during the first year of its prosperity, Shu Tian was completed, and Wu Zetian made a list herself, saying that "all countries in the Zhou Dynasty praised Shu Tian". Wu Sansi praised the merits of Wu Zetian and exiled Tang Songzhou. "I know the prince, and the chief's name is on it." Li. It is unprecedented that the ministers wrote poems and the emperors came to watch the "World Conference". This is actually a means of unifying thoughts.

Second, reuse talents.

In the process of changing dynasties, Wu Zetian once again used cruel officials, which created a terrible political atmosphere. But Wu Zetian knew the harm of cruel officials. She just used brutal officials as a tool to change the dynasty. Once this goal is achieved, it will inevitably limit the power of cruel officials. This is also the case. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, due to the unstable political situation, Wu Zetian still used cruel officials, but Wu Zetian did not let them hold important positions in the court. After the consolidation of Wu Zhou's regime, Wu Zetian immediately "respected the constitution at that time and restrained ministers, but listened to admonitions and punished cruel officials." Successively killed Suo Yuanli, Zhou Xing, Fu Youyi, Wang and others. Long live the first year of Dengfeng (695) in October, and issued an imperial edict to reduce Cheng Dali, abolish the prison of Qiu Guan (Ministry of Punishment), and prohibit official abuse, saying that "the crime of three thousand will last forever; Just a few hundred sentences, only wider than the previous generation. " In January of the first year (697), Wu Zetian sent Lai Junchen, the biggest brutal official leader, to the grave. At this point, the brutal officials withdrew from the political stage of Wu Zhou.

While restraining the cruel officials, Wu Zetian tried every means to recruit talented people through various channels, so that those who have the ability to govern the country can hold important positions, serve as prime ministers, take charge of the center, and help her govern the world of Wu Zhou. To this end, she further developed the imperial examination system, made Gong stop studying the Tao Te Ching, changed it to the official track, updated the examination content, and passed the imperial examination by "extensive search", and the number of people entering the official position showed an increasing trend. She also often asks her staff to introduce themselves and recommend talents. God gave October of the following year, "those who make officials bootstrap their lives." In view of the fact that many celebrities are unwilling to recommend themselves, Wu Zetian particularly emphasizes recommendation and regards recommending talents as an official's task. During Zheng Shengyuan's reign, the imperial edict said, "He is talented and broad-minded, loyal and virtuous, claustrophobic and vocal, and lacks the capacity of a bosom friend. He should be recommended by Beijing officials for five-point posts and secretariat, and the superior and county orders should be accurate. " Sometimes Wu Zetian specially invited some ministers to recommend talents. For example, in the first year of the holy calendar, the prime minister recommended the merchants, and later, the prefect of Yongzhou chose the current officials as consultants. Four years in Chang 'an made the Prime Minister worthy of the title of Foreign Minister. It also requires "the truth of virtue, no ridicule." Those who "don't cite others as examples" should be condemned; Praise those who "recommend it if it is true". Because Wu Zetian encouraged and recommended talents through various channels, not limited to family status, rich and poor, nor limited to species and relatives. Constant pursuit is not as good as it used to be, so people are busy before the election, and even there are "many people like a forest". For the selected talents, Wu Zetian "appoints people on their merits" and entrusts them with a heavy responsibility.

In order to enable officials at all levels to give full play to their talents, Wu Zetian put forward higher requirements for them. Not only that, but also strengthen the power of the platform and often send messengers to supervise and inspect officials. For officials who are incompetent or incompetent, they should be demoted in time; For officials with outstanding achievements, we will vigorously promote them. Under the guidance of this policy, many talented people have been promoted to important positions. Most of the prime ministers appointed by Wu Zetian are talents. Yao Chong, Wei Anshi, De and others are all like this. Wu Zetian has a characteristic of employing people, that is, there is no prejudice, and everything is based on whether she is competent or not. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Lu Zhi said that Wu Zetian was "interested in appointment, which opened the door to attract talents. People not only have to recommend their talents, but also allow themselves to recommend their talents. What you recommend will be done, and what you do will be tried ... The responsibility in the class is strict, and both advance and retreat are fast. People who are not good at it will suddenly rise, which is based on the wisdom of knowing people and making good use of them. " Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, also said: "Although Empress Dowager Cixi abused her power to win the hearts of people all over the world, she was also found incompetent or severely punished. With the handle of reward and punishment, the world was ruled, and the government came out from it, so it was used by heroes at that time. " These comments are more realistic.

Third, advise the class to plant mulberry.

Wu Zetian thought: "Sue was born in agriculture, so he was first introduced. ..... When the fields are cultivated, there will be more millet, and more millet will make people rich "; "the foundation of the founding of the country must be in agriculture" and "home is sufficient for national security". She gave the agricultural book "Zhaoren Ben Ye Ji" to the envoys of various countries who came to Beijing and promulgated it all over the world. She regards the farmland situation in China as the standard for rewarding and punishing officials, and has also taken many practical measures to develop agricultural production and reclaim land in remote areas. Lou Deye, Guo and others have made remarkable achievements in reclamation. Teacher Lou's morality is "lead soldiers to settle the field, accumulate millions of grains, spare soldiers' lives, and have no cost of making peace." Wu Zetian consoled: "Since the Qing Dynasty was entrusted with the northern land, she has served as the chief military attache, traveling between Yu Ling (Lingzhou, now Lingwu, Ningxia) and Xia (now Jingbian, Shaanxi) to check the school and settle the field. If the rate of return is high and the capital is accumulated, she will not bother with the cost of reconciliation, and there will be no difficulty in re-transportation. " Guo has been in Liangzhou for five years, and his military strength has greatly improved. He plowed the fields to accumulate grain, developed production, and achieved "cattle and sheep are wild, and the road is not picked up." Wu Zetian not only cultivated farmland in Longyou and other areas, but also paid attention to building water conservancy projects. During her administration, local water conservancy construction flourished. Only New Tang Book Geography records 19 water conservancy projects. At the same time, the land equalization system continued to be promoted. Wu Zetian also paid more attention to the development of handicrafts and commerce. In the first year of Guangzhai (684), Shaofu supervisor was changed to Fangshang supervisor, which was divided into five departments: Shangzhong, Zuoshang, Shang You, Zhiran and Zhangzhi. Change the director to camp supervisor, manage palace buildings and make bricks and tiles. The mining industry was very developed at that time. In addition to state-owned mining, private operation is also allowed. It is stipulated that "there are copper and iron mines in every state in the world, and the people listen to private mining and the officials collect their taxes." A relatively loose policy has also been adopted for business.

Fourth, consolidate border defense.

Wu Zetian attached great importance to international relations and ethnic relations. Most things involving international relations and ethnic relations are handled personally. She supports, protects and gives preferential treatment to those countries and ethnic minority regimes that recognize Wu Zhou's status and yearn for the culture of the Central Plains. Wu Zetian stipulated: North Korea in the east, Zhenla in the south, Persia, Tubo and Jiankun in the west, and Qidan and Turkic in the north. Outside is a unique field. The so-called "Fan Guo" is a "Fan Guo" who is close to the God of Wu Zhou and should come to pay tribute; The so-called "unique territory" is a distant country that does not belong to the jurisdiction of Wu Zhou. Wu Zetian adopted a good-neighborly and friendly policy towards "extraterritorial" countries. If these countries send envoys, Wu Zetian will treat them well. Wu Zetian has no special requirements for those who do as the Romans do. As long as they hold their land and pay tribute on time. If the king dies, Wu Zeyi will be chased. Wu Zetian's requirements for the political power of the border ethnic minorities were stricter than that of "Guo Fan". The so-called strictness does not require them to help the central authorities economically, but to absolutely obey the central authorities politically, live in their own places and stick to the frontiers. In order to achieve this goal. Wu Zetian carried out an obvious appeasement policy towards these minority regimes. On the one hand, members of ethnic minorities are widely absorbed to participate in Wuzhou politics. At that time, there were many ethnic minority members in the court. On the other hand, minority leaders are allowed to turn over a new leaf and get along well with each other. In addition, attention is also paid to helping ethnic minorities develop their economies.

Fifth, change customs.

Wu Zetian ruled the world with mistress, "changing customs", which made great changes in the field of social life. Customs and habits have taken on a new attitude. In terms of marriage, Wu Zetian strictly demanded that when she got married, she was forbidden to "live in another house" and tried to achieve "no widowed daughter inside and no widowed husband outside". In terms of funerals, it is strictly forbidden for "rich people and aristocratic families" to waste money on funerals. Therefore, the shape of tombs tends to be regular, the funerary objects have changed greatly compared with the early Tang Dynasty, and the animals in the town tombs have become increasingly tall and fierce, resulting in a large number of "three colors of the Tang Dynasty". At that time, Guan Bai's clothing was slightly different from Shangyuan and the civilized system. In February of the second year of Tiancai, he gave a robe embroidered on pilgrimage, each embroidered into a figure of eight and carried it on his back. He lived in April for three years, and then gave his gold inscribed robe to Yue. In May of the first year of the extension, a purple shirt with only one inscription was presented to Wu Wen, with more than three items on it. As for the clothes of the people, they all follow their wishes. It is worth noting that Wu Zetian took many measures to improve the status of women. Wu Zetian particularly emphasized the role of women in social life and relaxed all kinds of rules and regulations that originally restricted women's social activities. In the place where the grand court is held, maids can mix with officials. On the issue of women's clothing, there have also been great changes. It is stipulated that women can wear curtain hats when traveling. Women are also allowed to participate in beneficial social activities. At that time, it was common for women to ride horses, shoot arrows and wear men's clothes. In the first year of siddhi, when the Turks invaded, Gu Yuan helped his wife defend the city. Then the world system praised her and named her "loyal minister county magistrate" In the first year after Tian Tong's long live, Shangguan Waner was ordered to "hold her life in her palm, ... and the ministers discussed it, which made her a" strong woman "in the active palace. All these have changed the face of women to some extent. Now some scholars like to talk about the relative freedom and liberation of women and the open atmosphere of marriage in the Tang Dynasty. The formation of this ethos is inseparable from Wu Zetian's efforts to improve the status of women.

In a word, a series of new policies implemented by Wu Zetian in politics and economy during the Wu Zhou period played a positive role in consolidating the Wu Zhou regime, developing social economy and strengthening national defense. Because of this, during its reign, the country laid a long-term and stable foundation for Sun Xuanzong's rule of Kaiyuan, which was called "the legacy of Zhenguan" and "the rule of Wu Zhou".