Problem description:
Someone gave me a "wolf bone", something like Bish, I forgot.
Like a wolf's bone, taken from a wolf. It is said that this thing can't be found now. Very valuable! Who can tell me something about it? Thank you very much.
Analysis:
The mineral name of tourmaline is tourmaline. Blue refers to green, and the seal is the imperial seal, which is the symbol of a generation of emperors, thus showing the status of tourmaline in people's minds.
However, people's real understanding of tourmaline lags far behind the time of discovery and use of tourmaline. Before the eighteenth century, people always called it emerald. For example, the Emerald Mountain in Cruzeiro, Brazil, produces green tourmalines and blue tourmalines that are very similar to emeralds. So far, no emeralds have been found there.
Because the ancients didn't know the relationship between the appearance of gems and their chemical composition and crystal structure, they always used the different colors as the basis when recognizing and identifying different kinds of gems.
It was not until one summer in the18th century that several children were playing with stones brought back by hand in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and were surprised to find that these stones could attract or repel light substances (dust, grass clippings, etc.). ) in the sun. So the Dutch called this kind of stone "vacuum stone" and found that tourmaline is different from emerald.
1768, Swedish scientists discovered the relationship between green tourmaline and black tourmaline, but people still doubt whether all colors of tourmaline are the same substance. Therefore, it was named "tourmaline", which means "mixed gem".
Of course, people today have fully understood its essence and various characteristics. Use tourmaline (red) as the birthstone of October. To symbolize "happiness and peace". Among the jewels collected by the Palace Museum, there are many tourmaline ornaments. Such as Zhu Chao, chicken heart, ornaments and so on.
2. The origin of tourmaline
Tourmaline is produced in many countries in the world, and the main exporter is Brazil. The colored tourmaline produced in Minas Crass, Brazil accounts for 50%-70% of the world's total output. Rare purple and blue tourmalines were also found in Paraiba, Brazil. Generally speaking, Brazil is famous for its rich red tourmaline, green tourmaline and tourmaline cat's eye. America is famous for its high quality pink tourmaline. Italy is famous for its colorless tourmaline.
The main producing areas of tourmaline in China are Altai in Xinjiang and Ailao Mountain in Yunnan. The tourmaline produced is very rich in color and good in quality.
3. Gemmological characteristics of tourmaline
1. Chemical composition:
The extremely complex borosilicate has a hexagonal ring structure, and isomorphic substitution between cations is very common:
(calcium, sodium, potassium) (aluminum, iron, lithium. Mg, Mn) 3 (Al, Cr, Fe, V) 6(BO3)3Si6O 18(OH, F)4
2. Crystal morphology:
There are longitudinal stripes on the cylinder, and the cross section is a triangular column with a curved triangle. * * * body is radial and beam-shaped, which can be used as a good ornamental stone.
3. Color:
Depending on the composition, iron-rich ones are dark blue, dark brown or black; Chromium-rich is green; Magnesium-rich is yellow or yellowish brown; Rich in lithium and manganese, it is rosy.
Tourmaline has a developed band, which can be arranged around the C axis and perpendicular to the C axis.
4. Polychromaticity:
Tourmaline is usually multi-colored, and the multi-color varies with the body color.
When cutting light tourmaline, the table should be perpendicular to the C axis, and when cutting dark tourmaline, the table should be parallel to the C axis.
5. Other physical properties:
The hardness is 7-7.5. The specific gravity is about 3.06 (increasing with the increase of iron and manganese content). The refractive index is 1.624- 1.664 (increasing with the increase of Fe and Mn content). The birefringence is 0.0 18-0.040, and it is easy to observe the ghost of the posterior facet. Glass luster. Transparent-opaque. Because the thermoelectric effect often absorbs dust in the air, the surface of Chen Fang's tourmaline in the counter is generally "dirty" than other gems.
4. Types of tourmaline
Gemstone world divides tourmaline into different varieties according to color and special optical effects:
1. Ruby:
Pink tourmaline.
2. Green tourmaline:
Yellow-green-dark green and blue-green, brown-green tourmaline.
3. Blue tourmaline:
Light blue-dark blue tourmaline.
4. Multicolored tourmaline:
That is, two or more colors appear on the same crystal. Usually, one end of a columnar crystal is pink and the other end is green, which is called "two-color tourmaline". The crystal with pink center and green edge is called "Watermelon Tourmaline".
5. tourmaline cat's eye:
In tourmaline crystals, there are often parallel needle-like or tubular inclusions. If it is cut into a curved surface, it will show a cat's eye effect under the irradiation of a point light source. Tourmaline with cat's eye effect is mainly green, with few other colors.
6. Color-changing tourmaline: it is a rare variety.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) quality evaluation of tourmaline
It can be evaluated from several aspects such as weight, color, cleanliness and cutting, among which color is the most important factor. In addition, if there is a cat's eye or discoloration effect, the price can be increased accordingly.
1. Color:
Bright and pure colors are preferred. Roses and purple in the red tourmaline are very expensive, followed by pink.
Emerald is the best green tourmaline, followed by yellow-green tourmaline.
Pure blue and deep blue tourmalines are of high value because they are rare.
Usually, the price of a good red tourmaline is two-thirds higher than that of a green tourmaline of the same size.
2. Clarity:
It requires as few internal defects as possible, and the crystal clear tourmaline has the highest price. Tourmaline contains many cracks and gas-liquid inclusions, and is usually used as jade carving material.
3. Cutting:
The proportion should be symmetrical and polished well. Tourmaline can be cut into various shapes: emerald, oval, round diamond and mixed type, among which emerald can best reflect the beautiful color of tourmaline, is the best cut and has the highest relative price.
Wolf tourmaline has never been heard of.
Tibetans here have the habit of wearing wolf's teeth, but I have never heard of the wolf tourmaline, and I don't know what I can take away from the wolf.