Basic introduction Chinese name: Hong Guang regime time: Emperor in the late Ming Dynasty: Zhu Yousong's military power: four towns north of the Yangtze River, Zuo Liangyu department disintegrated: Nanjing fell, Emperor Hong Guang was captured, monarch, politics, military affairs, finance, downfall, defense, defeat, result and continuation, and in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), after Li Zicheng army captured Beijing in March, it was called Emperor Hong Guang in history. Zhu Yousong (1607- 1646), Emperor of Nanming. Zhu Yousong is the grandson, nephew, eldest son of Zhu, the king of Fuzhong, and Yao's biological mother. He reigned from 1644 to 1645, with the title of Hong Guang, who was called Emperor Hong Guang in history. Zhu Yousong was born in July in the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607). In July of the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620), his father Zhu was made King Dechang and Zhu Yousong was made Prince. In May of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Zhu was killed two years later, and Emperor Chongzhen sent a letter to attack Zhu Yousong. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen and the first year of Shunzhi (1644), after Emperor Chongzhen was martyred, in May of the same year, Zhu Yousong was founded in Nanjing by four towns, renamed as "Hong Guang", and established the Hong Guang regime, which lasted only eight months. In the first year of Hong Guang, the Qing army attacked Nanjing, Zhu Yousong fled to Wuhu, was arrested and escorted back to Beijing, and was executed by the Qing army the following year. He is forty years old. Zhu Youlang, the later emperor of Li Yong, was named Anzong, and posthumous title was "Emperor Fengtian Zundao Kuan, King Muxiu Wen Bu Wu Wen Gong Ren Xiao". After Zhu Yousong, Minister of Political Recovery, acceded to the throne, he paid tribute to Queen Yi 'an in March, and after paying tribute to Wen Zhen and Emperor Xie in June, he made his grandmother Zheng Guifei the Queen Mother of Xiao Ning. Zhu Changxun, the father of King Fugong, was a sincere, faithful, loyal and respectful emperor (later changed to Emperor Shixiao) and built a temple in Nanjing. This cemetery is called Xiling. Zou, the first mother, was awarded the title of Renshou in Huangquezhen. Yao's biological mother is Empress Dowager Duan Huidi and Tian Shengsheng. Zhu Youyi (moment), the younger brother who was killed when Luoyang fell, was named Ying Wang and called "Chong". In June, Emperor Chongzhen had four temple names (in February of the first year of Hong Guang, the temple name was changed to Zong Yi), posthumous title was less frugal, and Wu Dunren was filial; Empress Zhou, Emperor Chongzhen, Emperor Xiaozong, Yuan Gong, and Zhuang Yifeng worship the Empress Sheng Lie. In July, the name of Prince Wen Yi Temple was restored, and it was impromptu, rich, Tianjing Daoxian, Qin Yi, Minqun, Du Wen, nameless, kind and well-off. Empress Chang of Xingzong is Empress Xiaokang. Catch up with Hui Zong, the temple of Emperor Jianwen, and pay tribute to Emperor Wu Keren. Ma Shi, Queen of Hui Zong, is very filial to Wen Zhenzhe who is keen to help Tianbi become a saint. Catch up with Emperor Jingtai's temple number, and posthumous title Fu Lu Gong Ren Kangding Long Wen Bu Wu Xiande worships Emperor Jingdi. The Queen Wang, the empress of Dai Zong, is the queen of Fu Tian, Gong and Shengjing. On September 3rd, Zhu Yousong ordered to commend all officials who died in Beijing, including 2 1 civil servant, 2 commended officials and 1 Qi Chen. Later, he caught up with the founding heroes Feng, Ding Dexing, Bing Wen and so on. Fang Xiaoru, Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng, chandy, Zhuo Jing, Lian and other officials who died in the DPRK, Jiang Qin and Lu Zhen who died in Zheng Dechao, Zuo Guangdou, Zhou Chaorui, Zhou Zongjian, Yuan Huazhong, Gu and Zhou Qiyuan who died in the apocalypse. After the personnel arrangement became the supervisor, Zhu Yousong, on the recommendation of courtiers, appointed Shi Kefa, the former minister of Nanjing Ministry of War, as a college student and a minister of does, and served in the cabinet. Ma Shiying Jiadongge University, Ministry of War Shangshu, and the right deputy are all censors and still serve as the governor of Fengyang. Soon, Jiang, a former Zhan Shifu, was appointed as the left assistant minister of does, and joined Dong Ge University together with Wang Duo, a former minister of does, to deal with state affairs. Zhang was appointed as the official department minister, and Liu was appointed as the left capital suggestion of Douchayuan. Other government officials have also made arrangements. According to the intention of Shi Kefa, Gao Hongtu, Zhang and others, it is to make "honest people" occupy important areas as much as possible, so that the court will have a new atmosphere at the beginning of its establishment. The party competed for Zhu Yousong's throne, but Zhu Yousong was the grandson of Zheng Guifei, the emperor of Wanli, and Zheng Guifei was the political enemy of Lindong Party. Zhu Yousong's accession to the throne frustrated Lindong Party's plan to establish Zhu Changfang in Lu Wang. The plot around kindness has not subsided. Within one year after Hong Guang's return to China, three major cases occurred: the case of "Demon Monk", the case of "Prince" and the case of "Flying Together". On the surface, these three cases are isolated and unrelated, but they all run through the political background of dissatisfaction with Zhu Yousong's reunification. See: the basic national policy of the military regime in the three cases is to "unite with Lu to defend the enemy." There are two opponents: Dashun peasant army and Manchu. Because of the limited power of the Hong Guang regime, it is difficult to fight on both fronts. So, either unite with Kou to resist the Qing Dynasty or "unite with Lu Ping Kou", one of the two must be. While the policy of uniting Shandong and Pingkou was adopted. Shi Kefa and both are advocates of the policy of "uniting the land and making peace". Finance Hong Guang imperial court owns a vast territory south of Huaihe River. Before the Qing army entered the customs, the Ming court searched a lot of food, money, cloth and other property from all over the south of the Yangtze River every year to make up for the huge expenses of the Beijing court, many yamen and Jiubian. Arguably, since all parts of the north have been destroyed one after another, belonging to the peasant army and the Qing army, the Hong Guang court should be financially graceful, at least it should not increase the burden on the people. That was not the case. As a result of supporting a large number of troops who only know how to bring disaster to the country and the people, the greed of the ruling clique has increased, and the finances of the Hong Guang imperial court have been unable to make ends meet. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in Hong Guang a year ago, this money has almost never been used for practical policies such as relief for victims and water conservancy construction. In addition to supporting the army, part of the fiscal revenue is spent on emperors, courts and bureaucrats, allowing them to live a luxurious life. As soon as Zhu Yousong ascended the throne, he immediately wanted to be equal to the emperor in Chengping period in life. He ordered a palace to be built for himself and the empress dowager, and bought jewelry for the wedding. Hong Guang wantonly plundered the people's wealth and ran his own comfort zone, which directly resulted in a great loss of popular support and a heavy desire for wealth on the part of the civilian military commanders. Once the situation is critical, most of them either surrender or run away and die with the country. In October of the 17th year, Bao Tong, Hong Guang, was defeated and resisted Chongzhen. The Qing court took Prince Yu Duo as the general and led 20,000 cavalry to conquer Nanming. Soon, due to the intensification of Dashun Army in Li Zicheng, Shaanxi Province, Duo Duo was ordered to turn west (see the battle of clearing Dashun), thus giving the Hong Guang regime a breathing space. In order to resist the Qing army's southward movement, Shi Kefa, the minister of the Ministry of War, dispatched troops: General Commander Liu Zeqing was in charge of Huai 'an, stationed in Huai 'an, and was in charge of Shandong, recruiting people all the way; Company commander, Guan Xu and Si, is based in Sizhou. The manager has been recruiting people. Ren Lianchang, in charge of sealing and guarding, stationed in Linhuai. Managers Chen and Qi recruited all the way. Huang Bode, located in Luzhou, governs Chu and He. Manager Guang and Gu recruited all the way. The above four towns in Jiangbei and Zuo Liangyu Department in Wuchang form the Jianghuai defense line to prevent Dashun Army or Qing Army from going south. However, due to the constant struggle and infighting among the political parties of Hong Guang regime. 1 1 month, Shi Kefa arrived in Jiangpu (now Huaiyin, Jiangsu) to plan the defense of the Huaihe River. He was patrolled dozens of times, but the court ignored him and lost a precious opportunity. In the first month of the first year (1645), Hong Guang's defense plan was defeated by Hong Guang, and the Qing army broke through Tongguan (see the battle of Tongguan) and defeated Dashun army, so the Qing court ordered more troops to go south. Yizhou and Jining soldiers were ordered to cross the Yellow River from Miaowan south to Pi and Su states; Zhang Dehe Wei Huibing was ordered to cross the Yellow River from Jin Meng and was forced to return to Germany and Xuzhou. Xu Dingguo, commander-in-chief of Suizhou Nanming, and Li Jiyu, commander-in-chief of Henan, surrendered to the Qing army respectively. Shi Kefa Zhang Fei used his quick wits to transfer his company commanders from Alex Gao to Xuzhou, hoping to return to Germany in advance and draw lots for the Qing army. In the first month of the following year, Alex Gao was besieged and killed by Xu Dingguo, and the positive actions of Hong Guang dynasty came to an end. Soon, Hong Guang began to attack each other again. In March, Hou Zuo Liangyu, who was stationed in Ningnan, Wuchang, headed eastward in the name of "Jun Qing Border" and arrived in qi zhou from Hankou, 200 miles away. Nanjing Ma Shiying urgently dispatched Huang Degong's department to the Yangtze River to resist. The Qing army took the opportunity to rush to Xuzhou, and Li Chengdong, the company commander of Daming, boarded the ship and fled south. The Qing army even fell into Yingzhou (now Fuyang) and Taihe. On the first day of April, Hong Guang imperial court ordered Governor Shi Kefa to enter Beijing to defend Zuo Liangyu. When the Qing army entered Bozhou and arrived in Pizhou (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu), Xu and Si were in a hurry, and Shi Kefa was ordered to return Yang (state) and Si (state) urgently, but Huang Degong and other soldiers were still sent to defend Ning. The Qing army captured Bozhou all the way, Dangshan all the way, and occupied Xuzhou on the ninth day. On the 13th, Chris Lee, the commander-in-chief of Sizhou, fell to Qing Dynasty, and Shi Kefa retreated to Yangzhou. The Qing army crossed the Yellow River. On 18th, General Li Chengdong led the Qing army to surround Yangzhou City, and Shi Kefa rushed to the towns to help, but none of them came. On 22nd, Li Qifeng, the company commander and Gao Qifeng, the agreement of the city, were cleared, and the strength of Yangzhou city was single. 23, company commanders Liu request by the enemy unprepared to attack the city, Shi Kefa didn't promise. On the 24th, the Qing army shipped hongyi artillery from Sizhou, trying to bomb Yangzhou, causing panic in the city. Shi Kefa was in an emergency and refused to report the case. On 25th, the Qing army attacked the city, and Shi Kefa was captured and unyielding (see the battle of Yangzhou). Liu led the remnants and the people to continue street fighting until all the people were killed. On the eighth day of May, the Qing army crossed the Yangtze River on a foggy night and captured Zhenjiang the next day. Daming's defenders along the river all collapsed Company commanders Zheng Hongkui and Cai Zheng Navy entered the sea eastward and returned to Fujian. 14, the Qing army went south from Zhenjiang to Danyang, west to Jurong, and reached Nanjing at the gates. In the first year of Hong Guang (1645), on May 15th, Zhao Zhilong, Wang Feng, Qian and other ministers presented Nanjing to surrender, and the Qing army occupied Nanjing. After the Qing army conquered Nanking, it ordered Liu Liangzuo to lead the Qing army to pursue Emperor Hong Guang. Zhu Yousong had to flee to Wuhu with his beloved princess, and the Qing army pursued him, so Zhu Yousong had to confront the Qing army. The Ming army can't stand it. On May 22nd, company commanders Tian Xiong, Ma Degong, Moon, Jason, Huang Ming and Chen Xiejian rushed to the imperial ship, hijacked Emperor Hong Guang and presented them to the Qing army. As a result, the Qing army captured Zhu Yousong, the emperor of Hong Guang who fled to Wuhu on 22nd. In the first year of Hong Guang, on May 22nd, the second year of Shunzhi, Hong Guang died. On the seventh day of June, Fujian Governor Zhang Kentang, does history Huang Daozhou, Nan 'an Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Hongkui, etc. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zhu of the Tang Dynasty called Zhou Jian in Fuzhou. On June 27th, Zhu proclaimed himself emperor and changed Fuzhou to Tianxing Mansion, so this year was the first year of Longwu. That is, the Longwu Dynasty. On June 28th, Zhu Yihai, the king of Ming Road, supervised the country in Shaoxing with the support of rebels and officials in Yuyao, Huiji and Yinxian, Zhejiang. That's King Lu.