One day, Sima Guang was playing with a group of children in the yard. A child boarded the water tank, slipped and fell into the water. Everyone else abandoned him and ran away. Only Sima Guang lifted a stone and broke the jar, and the water came out. The child was saved. After Sima Guang smashed the jar, people in Chang 'an and Luoyang recorded it with pictures and spread it widely. In the first year of Baoyuan, Sima Guang just turned 20 and was admitted to imperial academy. He doesn't like extravagant life by nature. Only he didn't wear flowers at the party in imperial academy. In the same year, the person admitted to imperial academy said to Sima Guang: "(Flowers) are given by the king, and you can't violate the imperial edict." He just inserted a flower (on the brim of his hat).
Second, the original: Tuotuo at the end of Yuan Dynasty and Arutu's Biography of Song History 95
Sima Guang, whose name is Junshi, is from Xia County, Shaanxi Province. Father pool, Tianzhangge to be built. Seven-year-old Guangsheng is as imposing as an adult. As soon as he heard about Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, he couldn't put it down. He retired for his family and lost his big finger. Naturally, I can't put down my books. I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty. A group of children were playing in court. One climbed the urn and his foot fell into the water, so everyone abandoned it. As long as the urn is broken with a stone, the water will burst and the child will live. Later, Beijing and Luoyang drew a picture. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Injong Baoyu was an academician of China Academy of Sciences. When I was crowned, I didn't like luxury. I didn't wear flowers when I heard about the party. In the same sentence, I said, "You can't violate it." This is a hairpin.
Extended data
First of all, the profile of the character
Sima Guang (1 019165438+1October17-108665438+1October/. Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty claimed to be descendants of Sima Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty.
In the first year of Song Renzong Baoyuan (1038), he was a scholar and moved to Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. In Song Shenzong, he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform and left the court for fifteen years. He presided over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, the first chronicle in the history of China. After four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, Shangshu's official position has always been Zuo Assistant Minister. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), he died in Wen Guogong, posthumous title, and Zheng Wen, posthumous title. Ranked as "Yuan You party member", he has the right to Song Zhezong Temple and Graphic Zhao Xun Pavilion; From being enshrined in the Confucius Temple, it was called "Sima Zi's former Confucianism"; From the temple to worship the emperor.
Second, enlightenment.
The story of "Sima Guang smashing a jar" has been widely circulated so far. Little Sima Guang was calm, witty and brave when he was in trouble, and was passed down as a much-told story.
2. Sima Guang sells horses One day, Sima Guang, a famous historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, ordered the housekeeper to take a big horse he once rode to the market for sale. An old man wanted to buy it, but it was too expensive. The housekeeper said, "To tell you the truth, this is my mount of Sima Xianggong. Only now that he is busy editing books, he is willing to let me sell them if he doesn't need them. Otherwise, 50 yuan can't sell it! " After listening to this, the old man said sincerely, "I have the honor to buy a good horse from Sima Xianggong, and I will bring all my money to lead the horse tomorrow."
After the housekeeper returned to the house, she excitedly reported the situation to Sima Guang. Sima Guang said to himself, "This horse has been with me for six years, and I really can't bear to part with it ... Hey, there is something wrong with this horse. How could I forget to explain? " The housekeeper said, "I know this horse is sick, but it is fat and strong, and its coat color is good." Who can see that it is sick? " If you are sick, how can you sell it for 50? "Sima Guang said seriously," you can't do this! You must make it clear to the buyer tomorrow and renegotiate the price. I think 30 yuan will do. "
The next day, the housekeeper truthfully explained the horse's illness to the buyer, and repeatedly said that Sima Xianggong specially took care not to let the buyer suffer. Everyone who knows this in the market praises Sima Guang for his honesty.
The big shots in the shopping mall must be honest and trustworthy people; A person who has friends all over the world must be an honest and trustworthy person; A respected person must be honest and trustworthy. If it is difficult for you to be honest when it comes to your own interests, take Sima Guang as an example.
3. Sima Guang ("Financial Management in Ada") was translated from Sima Guang's "As a Mirror for Resources" and "Liu Yan Tong Min Jing", Volume 226.
Translation:
When Ada works as a transit agent, he always recruits people who are good at running at high prices, visits various places, even far away places, and quotes the price, which can be delivered to the transit agent's office in a few days. He controlled all the weighing standards of money and grain, so the court made a profit and the people were not worried about the ups and downs of prices.
Ada also believes that with the increase of families and population, the scope of taxation will naturally expand. Therefore, Ada always puts concern for people's sufferings in the first place when managing money. Every road has its own patrol. Every ten days to a month, they must record the rain and snow situation in the county and report it to the forwarding department. Officials in Zhiyuan began to see the clue that the harvest could not be harvested that year.
It needs to be explained in advance that certain taxes need to be reduced or exempted in a certain month and certain material subsidies need to be reduced or exempted in a certain month. At the scheduled time, Ada went to implement it without waiting for the applications of counties, so as to solve the urgent needs of the people and never miss the opportunity. Therefore, people can live and work in peace and contentment, and the family population has increased and doubled. Early in Ada's term.
The annual income from money and taxes is only 4 million feet, and by the end of his term, the annual income has reached10 million feet. Ada used the monopoly method of salt production to increase the use of military materials. He thought that if there were more officials, people would be harassed, so he only set up salt officials in salt-producing areas, and no longer set up salt officials in counties outside salt-producing areas.
Before Ada took office, he transported the grain from Kanto to Chang 'an, because the river is fast and dangerous, and roughly one grain can be transported to Badou. Even if it is successful, it will be rewarded. Ada believes that the water flows of the Yangtze River, Bianshui River, Yellow River and Weishui River are different. According to the different characteristics and convenient conditions of different places, build ships to transport grain and train soldiers responsible for transporting grain.
Ships from the Yangtze River arrived in Yangzhou, ships from Bianshui arrived in Yin He, ships from the Yellow River arrived at the estuary where Weishui flowed into the Yellow River, and ships from Weishui arrived in Taicang. Granary is set between sections along the water's edge, which is transferred from the previous section to the next section. Since then, the grain transported every year can sometimes reach more than one million tons, and no barrel or liter sinks in the water. Ada replaced Yangtze River in shipbuilding.
Pay 1000 yuan for each ship built. Some people say, "the cost of building a ship is actually less than half, and it wastes too much money." Ada said: "This is not the case. Of course, you can't be stingy with small expenses when you do big things, and you must consider everything in the long run. Now the dock has just started to be built, and there are many people doing things. We must first make these people's personal expenses not embarrassing.
The goods they make for the government will be solid and reliable. How can it go on for a long time if you are not tired of haggling with these people for every penny? "
Original text:
As a transshipment messenger, Liu Yanchu often collects good people with generous quotations and quotes prices from all directions. Although the distance is not a few days, it will reach the ambassador. The weight of food is in our hands and the country benefits, but there is nothing expensive or cheap in the world. Yan also believes that the more registered permanent residence, the wider the tax, so his financial management is often based on loving the people first. Every official, every ten-day month, there is rain and snow in counties and counties.
Knowing that the court is over, the court officials apply first, to avoid a certain month and to save a certain month. If they don't apply for the county, they will do it. It is urgent to respond to the urgent needs of the people, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment and have an interest account. At the beginning, the annual income of wealth was less than 4 million, and now the annual income is more than10 million. Strictly taking the salt law as the army and thinking that officials were too troublesome, they set up salt officials in salt-producing townships.
Since I arrived in Yuzhou County, I have stopped being an official. First of all, those who transport the Kanto Valley into Chang 'an have a fast-flowing river, and their hard work will be rewarded. Yan thought that the rivers of the Yangtze River, the Bianhe River, the Weihe River and the Weihe River had different powers, each taking advantage, so he built a boat and taught Cao to get drunk. Jiangchuan arrived in Yangzhou, Bianchuan arrived, Jiangchuan arrived in Weikou and Weifang arrived in Taicang. During this period, the edge of water is stored and the phase is changed.
Naturally, more than one million people are transported to the valley every year without struggle. Yan builds ships in the Yangtze River, and gives thousands of dollars to each ship, or "it is actually less than half, which wastes too much." Yan said, "Otherwise, it's not a pity to tip those who discuss big plans. Everything must be settled forever. A dock will be set up at the beginning of this year, with the most deacons. If you make it private and not embarrassed, then the official and the matter are strong. If you struggle with bread crumbs, Ann can do it for a long time. "
Extended data
Related background:
Ada pointed out that the premise of increasing fiscal revenue is to develop production and stabilize people's livelihood. As a Mirror of Resources, it is said that Ada "always gives priority to raising the people in financial management", which is beyond the power of ordinary officials.
Financial management often takes raising the people as the first priority, and first of all, there are people in mind. To increase fiscal revenue, we should be good at using commodity economy and be familiar with market conditions. In his view, there are ways to increase income everywhere, and the key lies in whether it can be discovered and used. Ada believes that taxes are levied because of people's urgent needs, which means that taxes should meet people's needs instead of blindly exploiting them. Salt is an urgent need of the people, so taxing salt benefits makes salt benefits an important item to increase fiscal revenue.
Personal data:
Ada (7 16 -780), whose real name is Shian. Economic reformer and financier in Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, Ada carried out a series of financial reform measures, such as salt law reform, grain transportation reform and Changping law reform, which made important contributions to the economic development of the Tang Dynasty. Ada's works are included in All Tang Wen and History of the Whole Tang Dynasty.
4. Modern translation of the classical Chinese "Sima Guang" Sima Guang, whose real name is Jun Shi, was born in Xia County, Shaanxi Province. My father's name is Sima Chi, and he was ordered by Tianzhangge. Sima Guang was like an adult when he was seven years old. He was told that Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals liked it very much, and came back to tell his family after knowing its main idea. From then on, I couldn't put it down for Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, even forgetting hunger, thirst, cold and heat. A group of children are playing in the yard. A child stood on the jar, fell into the jar and was flooded. All the other children have run away. Sima Guang smashed the jar with a stone, and the water flowed out, and the child survived. Later, people in Chang 'an and Luoyang recorded it with pictures and spread it widely. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Injong Baoyu was an academician of China Academy of Sciences. When he was just twenty years old, he didn't like luxury by nature. He was the only one who didn't wear flowers when he attended the wedding banquet. Everyone around you said, "The flowers are given by the king, and you can't violate them." He just put a flower on the brim of his hat.
When Sima Guang was appointed minister of rites, his father Sima Chi was in Hangzhou, and he applied for the position of judge in Suzhou for his father, which was approved by the court. Soon, my mother and father died one after another. They mourned for many years and their bodies were destroyed by grief.
When the envoys of Liao and Xia countries arrive, they will definitely ask about Sima Guang's physical condition and warn their border officials: "All the big countries in the Central Plains use Sima Guang as their prime minister, so don't make trouble easily and provoke border conflicts." Sima Guang thought that the imperial court was obedient to him, and he wanted to exchange his body for the strength of the country and personally handle state affairs day and night. Seeing his weak body, the guests used Zhuge Liang's principle of eating less and doing more as a warning. Sima Guang said, "Life and death depend on fate." Try harder. After he was seriously ill, his mind was not clear, and he was still talking in his sleep, but they were all state affairs.
5. Song Shi Sima Guang's translation of classical Chinese.
Sima Guang's filial piety is loyalty, honesty, frugality, integrity, laws to follow and courtesy to do. When I was in Luoyang, every time I went to visit the grave in Xiaxian, I went to see his brother Sima Dan, who was nearly eighty years old. Sima Guang served him like strict father and protected him like a baby. Sima Guang never talked nonsense when he was growing up. He himself said, "I have nothing extraordinary, but what I have done all my life, I have never told anyone." Sincerity comes from nature, so the whole world admires him and believes him. Both Shaanxi and Luoyang were influenced by his morality. If one thing is not done well, he says, "Will Sima Jun really know?"
Sima guang is not interested in material indifference, but he is proficient in learning, but he doesn't like Buddhism and old learning. He said: "Interpretation and old learning cannot surpass Confucianism. They are ridiculous, I don't believe them. " Sima Guang has 300 acres of land in Luoyang. After his wife died, he sold his field to deal with the funeral. He was in rags until he died.
6. Write a modern translation of the classical Chinese "Sima Guang": Sima Guang, whose name is Junshi, is also from Xia County, Shaanxi Province.
Father pool, Tianzhangge to be built. Guangsheng, born at the age of seven, is as imposing as an adult. As soon as he heard about Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, he loved it endlessly and retired for his family, which was his great purpose.
Naturally, I can't put down my books. I don't know if I'm hungry or thirsty. A group of children were playing in court. One climbed the urn and his foot fell into the water, so everyone abandoned it. As long as the urn is broken with a stone, the water will burst and the child will live.
Later, Beijing and Luoyang drew a picture. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Injong Baoyu was an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
When I was crowned, I didn't like luxury. I didn't wear flowers when I heard about the party. In the same sentence, I said, "You can't violate it." This is a hairpin.
In addition to serving Li Lang, seven feet in Hangzhou, I asked to appoint a judge in Suzhou, so that I could kiss him and promise him. There are difficulties inside and outside the country, and they have been mourning for many years, and destroying barren land is like a gift.
In addition to taking office, Wu signed a book to judge, changed the judge of Dali, and assisted the country to speak frankly. Pang Ji, the deputy envoy of the Tang Dynasty, recommended Guan Ge's collating, which was the same as Yuan Zhili's.
Zhong Guan Mai Yunyan died and gave a halogen book. Yan Guang said: "It is not enough for Confucius to make countless tassels for North Korea.
Without the great efforts of the founding fathers, it is not a big deal to allow a minister who is close to learning to give three officials a halogen book. Xia Song was stunned and said, "Who is the most beautiful person in this stone? Who can it be?" ? "Go to Wen Zhuang.
School management should be strengthened. From Pang Qi Bi, pass the sentence and stand.
There are many fertile fields in the west of Quye River in Linzhou, and people in the summer eat their land, which is the disaster of Hedong. According to the order, two castles can be built to control the Xia people, support the people to cultivate, and the cultivators will be cheap, and the worries of the East River will be gradually relieved.
Follow its policies; However, our general Guo was crazy and led his troops to cross the river at night. He was ill-equipped and lost to the enemy, so he offended him. Just three monsters, not reporting.
Without a family, Guangshengtang worshipped his wife as his mother, and Nadeshiko as his brother, who was virtuous at that time. Change the secret cabinet, open the government and push the official.
The name of the tribute animal is Lin, and it is concise: "The authenticity is unknown, so it is true, but not self-sufficient, and I am willing to return it." Dance with the wind.
Xiuju Zhu, Shenli Department. If there is a company that plays every day, if the story is not full, or if there is a lack of capital, congratulations.
Yan Guang said: "When you see the four sides, the capital is not seen, and this person is covered with yin and evil; The world knows it, but the court doesn't know it. It is a great benefit to the disaster and should not be congratulated. " From it.
Tongzhi Jianyuan Su Zhe's answer was straightforward, and examiner Su Hu swore it, saying, "A philosopher has the heart of loving the monarch and worrying about the country, so he should not swear."
Put a letter on the last level. Renzong was not prepared from the beginning, and the heir of the country was not established. The world is chilling and dare not speak.
Fan Zhen, an admonition officer, first put forward his suggestion, but it was heard in Bing, and he suggested that the whole town should die. So I replied, "I passed the judgment of merging with the country in the past, and I hope your majesty will make a decisive decision."
The emperor pondered for a long time and said, "Do you have to choose the imperial clan as the heir?" This loyal minister's words, however, make people afraid to spread to their ears. "Just say:" I said this, claiming that I will die, but I didn't expect your majesty to accept it. "
The emperor said, "What's the harm?" When I retired, I didn't know how to live. When I returned to Shu, I said, "I told people that I meant to do it right away. I haven't heard about it yet. There must be a villain saying that your majesty suddenly did something ominous during the heyday of the Spring and Autumn Period.
I have no long-term worries. When I want to die suddenly, I will help kind people. Can the disasters of "the old man of the country" and "the son of heaven" speak louder than words? "Dadi moved to say," send a hanshu. "
Loyal, honest, diligent, honest, courteous. When I was in L.A., every time I went to visit the grave in Xiaxian County, I had to pass my brother Dan, who would be eighty years old. I would be honored as strict father and protected like a baby.
Growing up, I never said anything wrong and said to myself, "I have no outstanding people, but I have never done anything in my life that I can't say to others." Sima Guang, whose real name is Shi Jun, is from Xia County, Shaanxi Province.
His father, Sima Chi, was appointed as Tianzhangting. In the early years of Baoyuan in Song Renzong, Sima Guang was admitted to Jinshi, and he was just twenty years old this year.
He does not like luxury. When attending the Wenxi banquet, Sima Guang was the only one who didn't wear flowers. A kindred spirit told him: "It is disrespectful not to wear the flowers given by the king." So Sima Guang put on one.
The court granted him the post of Li Lang. Because Sima Chi was in Hangzhou, Sima Guang asked to be a judge in Suzhou so that he could serve his father, and the court agreed. When he was in charge of the work of the recommendation office together with others, the value given and rewarded by Song Renzong exceeded1000000.
Sima Guang led his colleagues to write three letters, exhorting: "The country still has great worries and is poor both at home and abroad, so we should not follow the old example. If it is necessary to give or reward, the minister should be allowed to give a reward to help build the mountain. "
The emperor disagreed. Sima Guang took the jewels given by the emperor as the office expenses of Yushifu, gave the gold to his uncle's house, and resolutely refused to stay in his own house.
In the imperial history, Cheng was dismissed from office because he thought the Prime Minister was absent, and Sima Guang took his place. Sima Guang said: "Wang Tao was dismissed for discussing the prime minister, so I can't take up the post now."
I hope to wait until the Prime Minister is on duty before taking office. "The emperor agreed.
The official in charge of government affairs thinks that the drought and poor harvest in Heshuo area are insufficient for the country, and don't give gold or silk when asking for sacrifices in the southern suburbs. The emperor sent a letter to the bachelors to discuss the matter.
Sima Guang, Wang Jue and Wang Anshi were summoned at the same time. Sima Guang said: "Disaster relief and thrift should start with your relatives and trusted ministers. This can be done. " Wang Anshi said: "The reason why the national use is insufficient is because there are no people who are good at managing money.
People who are good at managing money can make full use of the country's wealth without increasing taxes. Sima Guang said: "How can there be such a truth in the world? The wealth, goods and various substances produced by heaven and earth are not in the common people, but in the masses. They are trying to plunder the people, which is more harmful than increasing taxes. "
The ministers argued endlessly on this issue. The emperor said, "I mean the same as Sima Guang, but I can't allow it for the time being."
Wang Anshi began to preside over government affairs and implement the new law. Sima Guang resolutely opposed it and wrote a letter stating his own interests. Wang Anshi stayed at home and asked to resign because of Han Qi's neglect.
The emperor then appointed Sima Guang as the deputy envoy of the Council. Sima Guang declined politely: "Your Majesty probably hired me because I am arrogant and straightforward, which may be beneficial to the country. If you honor me only with salary and position, but don't listen to my opinion, then you regard the position as a personal favor, not a real appointment.
I only honor myself with my salary and position, but I can't save the people from disaster, which is equivalent to stealing the name of the country and the car service system for my own benefit. "Wang Anshi came out to preside over politics, and Sima Guang got the opportunity to resign and left the capital.
He lived in Luoyang for fifteen years, and everyone regarded him as a real prime minister. After the death of the emperor, Sima Guang rushed to the palace.
Everywhere he went, people stopped on the road to gather and watch, so that.
7. sima guang studious Classical Chinese Translation (Full) sima guang studious
Words and deeds of three generations of famous ministers
original text
When Sima Wengong was young, he remembered to ask if he was a human being and gave lectures in groups. All the brothers began to chant and rest. You can recite it twice if you are alone. Those who work harder will go further, and what they recite will be unforgettable for life. Wen Gong once said: "You can't recite a book, or recite its words and think about its meaning at once, or you can get more when you don't sleep in the middle of the night."
translate
When Sima Guang was young, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books was not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together, and the other brothers had already finished reciting, so they went to play and have a rest; (Sima Guang) A person studies hard, concentrating and studying hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they can recite skillfully. There is more energy in reading now, and the gains will be long-term. The books he intensively reads and recites will be unforgettable for life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. When you are riding and walking, when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain more! "