When describing the ethnic groups in Yongchang County, Huayang Guozhi Nanzhong clearly pointed out that there were "poisonous" people living in Yongchang County, indicating that with the continuous close economic and trade exchanges, Yongchang County on the Southwest Silk Road (including Dehong today) lived with poisonous people (that is, Indians) during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Biography of Dawan Historical Records: "The toxic country in the southeast of Daxia." Suoyin said: the body sound is dry and the poisonous sound is full. Meng Kang said: Tianzhu also. In the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions were handed down as Heaven, and in the later Han Dynasty, Du Du was handed down as Heaven. Xuan Ying said in all sounds and meanings: "Tianzhu is either poisonous or virtuous, and it is all wrong." Right here in India. India has a famous month, with thousands of months. "The Southwest Silk Road is an important land route for commercial exchanges between China and South Asia and Southeast Asia. According to the records in Historical Records, it is known that at least Zhang and Shu cloth from Qionglai traded to India through the "Shu Road" in the Western Han Dynasty. With the development of history, the commercial exchanges along the Southwest Silk Road have become more frequent, the types of goods have become richer, and the economic ties between China and South and Southeast Asian countries have become closer.
1994, a number of Eastern Han cultural relics were unearthed in a tomb in the old town of Yingjiang County, an ancient road in Dehong section. Including a ring-headed iron knife with a length of 1.3m, a copper washer, a brass cymbal and a dozen pottery pots. The unearthed bronze washware and bronze cymbals were identified as Zhutitang wolf washware produced in Dongchuan, Huize and Qiaojia areas in northeastern Yunnan, and the ring-headed iron knife was also the product of eastern Yunnan at that time. The cultural relics department initially speculated that the owner of the tomb should be a businessman who went to India for business along the Southwest Silk Road. These unearthed cultural relics prove that during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the mainland's metal products were introduced to Dehong and even further Myanmar and India with merchants, and the road of economic exchanges between the mainland and Southeast Asian and South Asian countries was completely smooth.
By the Tang Dynasty, there were more businessmen trading between Myanmar, India and the mainland through the Dehong Ancient Road. Fan Chuo wrote a passage in Schumann: "There are twists and turns, soup waves and hot poison. Yellow crane Jia Ke wants to find those who haven't returned. He said that he will return in winter, and it snows in Gaoligong Mountain, and he will return in autumn and winter, without the heat of the dome; When I want to return in the spring, I have no choice but to win in my hands. " Among them, He family refers to the businessmen in Xi 'er River area of Dali today; Xunchuan refers to Xunchuan (now Ancestors Achang and Jingpo) living in Kachin State in northern Myanmar. Bend is a white language, referring to Dehong area today; Collateral is also white, referring to property. This historical data shows that during the Tang Dynasty, not only Han businessmen went to Myanmar and India to do business, but also Bai businessmen went to Myanmar to do business through the Dehong Ancient Road. At that time, the goods imported from Myanmar and India to China were recorded in Schumann's mule country, which ... sent messengers to Manjie River and then traded with river pigs, white felt and/KLOC-0 10000000 colored glass dealers, as well as amber, seashells and light beads. China mainly exports fine silk. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the jade jewelry factory in northern Myanmar had begun to take shape, and a large number of Burmese jade jewelry was transported to the mainland through the Dehong ancient road. During this period, the biggest goods in China-Myanmar trade along the Southwest Silk Road were salt and cotton.
"Biography of Yunnan Tusi in Ming Dynasty" contains: "In the second year of Qin Long (AD 1568), soldiers and stalks exchanged, business travel stagnated, and salt was scarce." This historical data shows that all parts of northern Myanmar relied on salt imported from Yunnan at that time. Because of the war and other factors, merchants stopped transporting salt, and there was bound to be a salt shortage in northern Myanmar.
Cotton imported from Myanmar is an important raw material for weaving homespun in Yunnan. With the development of jewelry, jade and salt cotton trade, the number of China people coming to Myanmar is increasing. Zhu, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, said in the article "The Customs of Southwest Foreigners": "There are tens of thousands of people in Daming Street (south of bhamo) outside Jiangtou City, tens of thousands in Fujian, Guangzhou, Jiangxi and Sichuan, and six dimensions in San Xuan." It can be seen that at that time, many businessmen and artists from Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan went to North Myanmar to develop, and many people in Dehong area also served China-Myanmar trade. During the Qing Dynasty, China still imported a lot of cotton from Myanmar along the Southwest Silk Road. The main export commodity was no longer salt, but raw silk. Funded by China businessmen and donated in Mandalay, the ancient capital of Myanmar, the inscription reads: "The earliest date of Cannon Ji in Wacheng can be traced back to the 38th year of Qianlong when Han soldiers fought for Kai, and then the merchants of the two countries gradually improved, silk and cotton exchanged, and the trade between the two countries was rich", which clearly pointed out that the bulk trade goods between China and Myanmar at that time were raw silk and cotton.
1782 Italian priest San Gamano said in his book "The Empire of Myanmar": "Myanmar's foreign trade is not only aimed at one country, but at Chinese businessmen in Yunnan ... arriving in Awa, Myanmar (that is, Mandalay), bringing native products such as silk, paper, tea, various fruits and various groceries, and transshipment of cotton, salt and groceries produced in Myanmar. It shows that there were frequent commercial exchanges between China and Myanmar at that time, and the types of goods traded were very rich.
The Dehong Ancient Road was opened in the Warring States Period and has always been an important land passage for China to Southeast Asia and South Asia. This ancient road has played a great role in safeguarding the territorial integrity of the motherland, consolidating the frontier defense and defending the mainland, and at the same time promoted the trade and cultural exchanges between China and Southeast Asia and South Asia. For thousands of years, Chinese and foreign envoys, shrewd business travelers, devout monks and brave soldiers have passed this ancient and long road to convey friendship, exchange economy, spread culture and defend territory. The history of Dehong section of the ancient road will be studied by more scholars, and the contribution of Dehong section of the ancient road will be understood by the world.