Longmen Grottoes have preserved a large number of physical historical materials such as religion, art, calligraphy, music, costumes, medicine, architecture, and Chinese and foreign transportation. So it can be called a large stone carving art museum. It, together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in Gansu and Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, is called the three treasure houses of stone carving art in China.
Edit the geographical location of this section.
Longmen has beautiful scenery. The two green hills face each other, and Yishui slowly flows northward. Seen from a distance, it looks like a natural gate, so it was called "A Que" in ancient times. Since ancient times, it has become the first sight of Youlong Gate.
Edit the historical evolution of this paragraph.
Formation of Longmen Grottoes
In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ordered the capital to be moved to Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowen, who believed in Buddhism, did not forget to transfer the development center of Buddhism to Luoyang while moving the capital. He organized the construction of temples and monasteries. A grotto statue was opened around the Yishui River in Longmen, south of Luoyang, and the creation of a magical large-scale grotto group-Longmen Grottoes began.
Longmen Grottoes, located in the Central Plains, is a fruitful achievement of foreign Buddhist teaching art rooted in the soil of Chinese traditional art and a concentrated expression of the complete system of ancient sculpture art in China. Therefore, Longmen Grottoes have their own special historical position in China Grottoes.
Longmen Grottoes is a well-preserved large-scale cave group in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 2,000 caves, more than 70 pagodas,100000 statues and more than 2,800 inscriptions. Longmen Grottoes is one of the three largest grottoes in the north of Central Plains. Together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes, it is also known as the three major artistic treasures of China, and is known as the world human cultural heritage.
The thirty-five years from Emperor Xiaowen of Wei moved the capital to Luoyang to Emperor Xiaoming's period was the first prosperous period of carving Buddha statues in Longmen. Most of the grottoes excavated in this period were concentrated in the West Mountain of Longmen, accounting for about one third of the statues of Longmen Grottoes. Among them, there are more than a dozen large and medium-sized caves, such as Guyang Cave, Binyang Cave and Fangyao Cave.
Among Longmen Grottoes, Guyang Cave is the earliest excavated cave, which was excavated in 493 AD. In the history of China, this year was the seventeenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the year when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang.
Guyangdong is located at the south foot of Longmen West Mountain. The main Buddha enshrined in the cave is Buddha Sakyamuni, and there is Sakyamuni sitting side by side with the Buddha in the big niche on the south wall. In Buddhism, it is also called "two Buddhas sitting side by side". There are three rows of niches on the north and south walls, and each row is four symmetrical and varied niches.
A complete set of Buddhist stories is engraved on the lintel of Sakyamuni's treasure niche, which shows the process of Siddhartha's Daoism in Wang Zicheng.
There are hundreds of shrines in Guyang Cave, large and small. Not only are there the most Buddhist stories, but the patterns on the niches are also beautifully decorated, rigorous and complete, and rich in colors.
The Buddha statues in the grottoes are all worshiped by believers, and each Buddha statue records the prayers of believers. As can be seen from these statues, Guyangdong was the place where the royal nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty made the most wishes.
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the main grottoes were Binyang Three Grottoes.
Binyang Cave is dedicated to the III Buddha. There are two disciples and bodhisattvas on each side of the main Buddha, Ye Jia and Manjusri Bodhisattva on the left and Ananda and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva on the right. The Buddha's face and flank face are slightly longer, and the clothing lines are neatly and densely stacked, which reflects the artistic characteristics of the statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
There is a lotus treasure cover carved on the top of Binyang cave, and ten geisha music fluttering in the wind support the heaven and man. There are large reliefs on both sides of the inner wall of the cave, which are divided into four layers: Vimalakīrti, the life story of the Buddha, the Empress Dowager Cixi, and the Ten Kings. Many caves in Longmen Grottoes have pictures of rituals and buddhas, and the middle cave in Binyang is the best, but it was stolen abroad.
In the late Northern Wei Dynasty, some distinctive caves were dug, such as Lotus Cave, Huoshao Cave, Huangfugong Cave and Weizi Cave.
One of the most famous is Fangzi Cave, which is named after a large number of ancient prescriptions carved in it. Some prescriptions carved in caves can also treat what modern people call intractable diseases, such as diabetes. These prescriptions predate Sun Simiao's "Just in case".
The end of Longmen Cave Opening in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty was marked by the suspension of Binyang Middle Cave.
With the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the excavation of Longmen Grottoes tended to decline and remained silent for nearly a century until the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. During the hundred years from the establishment of the Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Longmen Grottoes ushered in the second grotto prosperity period in history.
Grottoes excavated in this period are generally from south to north according to the times, concentrated in the West Mountain of Longmen. In the Wu Zetian period, another part moved to Dongshan, accounting for about two-thirds of the Longmen Grottoes. The most representative grottoes in Longmen Grottoes in Tang Dynasty are Qianxi Temple, Wanfo Cave and Fengxian Temple.
The first cave excavated in the Tang Dynasty was Qianxi Temple at the northern end of Longmen West Mountain. At this time, China Buddhism "Pure Land Sect" was established.
The grotto statues in the Tang Dynasty reached their peak during Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. Although grotto statues belong to Buddhist art, they are closely related to politics. From the numerous stone carvings of the Tang Dynasty in Longmen, we can also see the traces of Wu Zetian stepping onto the throne of the queen step by step.
Completed in November of the first year of Yonglong, Tang Gaozong, Wanfo Cave is a merit cave specially designed for Tang Gaozong, Wu Zetian and princes. It was also carved by a group of royal monks and nuns headed by Yao Shenbiao, the court supervisor of the Tang Dynasty, and Zen Master Zhiyun, and was ordered to make a wish for Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian collectively.
Wu Zetian was superstitious about Maitreya when she was queen. To this end, she made Maitreya in Longmen. Thousand-Buddha Cave, Huichang Cave, 15,000-Buddha Cave, Extreme South Cave and Cliff Three Buddhas are all caves with Maitreya as their main statues.
Among the thousands of statues in Longmen Grottoes, the one with the largest size, the most beautiful shape and the highest artistic value is the main statue of Lushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple. Fengxian Temple, located on the hillside south of Longmen Xishan, is an open-air shrine with a width of nearly 40 meters from north to south. There are nine big statues here, all carved from the mountain.
The main statue of Fengxian Temple is Rushenafo. The height of the Giant Buddha is more than 17 meters, and the ear alone is 1.9 meters high. In Buddhist scriptures, Rushana is the ideal incarnation of the Buddha when he shows his virtue.
The statue niche of Ludashe in Fengxian Temple is a royal opening statue project run by Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian personally, and the design and construction of the project were personally designated by Emperor Gaozong. To this end, Wu Zetian once donated "20,000 yuan powder money" with Xian Heng for three years. The local legend is that Lushenafo is the incarnation of Wu Zetian. Lushenafo is endowed with the image of a woman: plump face, slender eyebrows, crescent-shaped eyebrows, drooping eyelids, eyes looking down, corners of her mouth slightly tilted but smiling, and she is solemn, elegant, wise and clear.
According to legend, on the New Year's Eve of the first year of Tang Gaozong, when Fengxian Temple was completed, Wu Zetian personally led civil and military courtiers to Longmen to attend the opening ceremony of the main Buddha Lushena.
Compared with the Northern Wei Dynasty, the statues of Longmen Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty have changed greatly. In the Tang Dynasty, the number of statues of Maitreya Buddha was second only to Amitabha Buddha, but the number of Sakyamuni Buddha decreased obviously. Among the bodhisattvas, the great trend and avalokitesvara are the most.
In art, the round knife method in the Tang Dynasty replaced the straight knife method in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the clothes lines of the Buddha statue became smoother and more elegant, and the muscles of Lux Hag protruded, which conformed to the anatomical principle and was properly exaggerated, and was full of powerful momentum and power generated outward. While drawing lessons from foreign sculptures, they also absorbed the techniques of traditional art in the Central Plains.
The second climax of the excavation of Longmen Grottoes ended around 705 AD. In the same year, Wu Zetian abdicated and died, and the Maitreya statues in Longmen Grottoes became extinct. The glorious history of Longmen Grottoes, with the disappearance of Maitreya, fell from the magnificent peak.
Longmen Grottoes have experienced the vicissitudes of 1500 years since they were excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It witnessed the evolution of Chinese dynasties and the development of Buddhist culture in China. Longmen Grottoes have been excavated intermittently for more than 400 years. After more than 400 years of hard construction, craftsmen in different periods have created immortal works of art in Longmen Grottoes, which is called the Stone Carving Art Museum in China by the world.
Longmen is a place with beautiful scenery. The two green hills face each other, and Yishui slowly flows northward. Seen from a distance, it looks like a natural gate, so it was called "A Que" in ancient times. Now "One Que" has become the first landscape of Youlong Gate since ancient times. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said: "Luodu has four suburbs, mountains and rivers win, and Longmen is the first."
Longmen Grottoes began to be excavated around Luoyang (AD 493), the capital of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, with a history of 1500 years. Later, after the Eastern and Western Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, it was built on a large scale for more than 400 years. Densely distributed on the cliffs of the east and west mountains of Yishui, with a length of 1000 meters from north to south. There are more than 0/300 grottoes/kloc-,2,345 Buddhist caves and niches, more than 50 pagodas and more than 65,438+10,000 Buddha statues. The largest Buddha statue is as high as 17. 14 meter, and the smallest is only 2 cm. In addition, there are more than 3,600 statues and inscriptions in the past dynasties, reflecting the high artistic attainments of the working people in ancient China. Binyang Cave, Fengxian Temple and Guyang Cave are the most representative. Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province, located in the southeast of Luoyang, are distributed on the cliffs on both sides of Yishui River, with a length of 1km from north to south. Longmen Grottoes have been excavated since the Northern Wei Dynasty and have a history of more than 400 years. There are more than 2,300 caves and 65,438+10,000 statues, which is a model of ancient sculpture art in China.
Wei Cave-In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty began to dig Guyang Cave in Longmen Mountain. From 500 to 523, Emperor Wu and Emperor Di successively dug three large caves in the north, south and south of Binyang Cave. The construction of Shiyang Cave and Binyang Cave cost more than 800,000 people, and the Fangzi Cave and Lianhua Cave dug during the Eastern Wei Dynasty were also dug. Grottoes in the Northern Dynasties were all located in Longmen Mountain, and Guyang Cave was built for more than 50 years from the Hui Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, showing many China art forms, and the posture of the giant Buddha changed from the majestic Yungang Grottoes to the gentle and amiable Longmen Grottoes. The Buddha statue represented by the main Buddha in Binyang Middle Cave is smiling. Longmen Grottoes show more China art Buddha statues than Yungang Grottoes.
Tang grottoes-the most prosperous period is the Tang Dynasty, accounting for more than 60% of the total number of grottoes. During the reign of Wu Zetian, most of the grottoes in the Tang Dynasty were excavated, which was related to her long-term presence in Luoyang. Fengxian Temple is the most representative Tang grottoes, with two bodhisattvas 70 feet high, and Ye Jia, Ananda, King Kong and God King each 50 feet high (the length of the Tang Dynasty). The scale is the first in Longmen Grottoes. It took four years, and Wu Zetian paid 20,000 yuan herself.
Longmen 20 series products are precious calligraphy works of Wei Bei. Representing the stele style of Wei Dynasty, it is tall and straight, generous and powerful, and it is the font in the transition from official script to regular script, Guyangdong 19.
There are three caves in Binyang Cave, and the middle cave in Binyang is the masterpiece of Northern Wei Dynasty (386 ~ 5 12). It took 24 years before and after the cave was built, which was the longest excavation. There is 1 1 Buddha in the cave. The main statue of Sakyamuni is carved on the main wall of the cave, with disciples and bodhisattvas standing on the left and right sides. The faces of Buddha and Bodhisattva are thin, with large eyes and flat necks, and the brocade texture is exquisitely carved, which has obvious artistic traces of the western regions. The ceiling is carved with flying sky, which is quite healthy and elegant. It is said that there is also a relief "The Empress Dowager Cixi's Buddha Ceremony" on the two walls of the cave, which is unique in shape and exquisite in composition. Later, it was stolen and chiseled, and now it is placed in the new york Museum.
Wanfo Cave is located in the south of Binyang Cave. There are many statues in the cave. The north and south stone walls are covered with small Buddha statues, many of which are only one inch or a few centimeters high, and there are more than 15000 statues. The Buddha statue on the main wall sits on the octagonal lotus seat, waist. Four lux at the waist and lotus on the shoulder. There are 54 lotus flowers carved on the back wall, with a bodhisattva or benefactor sitting on each lotus, and musicians embossed on the top of the wall, all of which are elegant and lifelike. There is also a statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva on the south wall along the mouth, with a clean bottle and a dusty tail, which is round and plump, graceful and vivid.
Fengxian Temple is the largest grotto in Longmen in Tang Dynasty. According to the inscription, this grotto was dug in the period of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty, which lasted for three years. The Buddha statue in the cave clearly embodies the artistic characteristics of the Buddha statue in the Tang Dynasty, with a plump face and drooping ears, and a perfect, peaceful, warm and kind shape, which is extremely moving. The statue of Rushenafo in the middle of the grottoes is the largest Buddha statue in Longmen Grottoes, with a height of 17. 14m, a head height of 4m and an ear length of1.9m. It is full in shape, magnificent in momentum, smooth in dress lines and extremely artistic in appeal. There are two disciples Ye Jia and Ananda on both sides of the Buddha statue in Lushena. They are docile and pious, and the two bodhisattvas are kind and cheerful. The heavenly king looks strong with a pagoda in his hand.
The statue of King Kong Luxe is more moving than the statue of Luxe next to the Buddha statue in Lushena. It is a treasure in Longmen Grottoes. 1953 it was found near the south cave when cleaning up the accumulated soil in the cave. It was stolen and left behind. I saw that King Kong Lux's eyes suddenly exploded and glared at the front, making a second-hand fist, and the muscles in his chest, hands and legs bulged high. The whole statue is bold and unconstrained, powerful and magnificent.
Guyang Cave is the earliest and richest cave in Longmen Grottoes and another representative cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty. There are many statues of the Buddha's niche in Guyangdong, most of which have inscriptions, which record the names of the sculptors at that time, the age and reasons of the statues. These are precious materials for studying calligraphy and sculpture in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Most of the landmark works in the history of China's calligraphy, Longmen Twenty, are concentrated here. "Longmen Twenty Products" stands for Wei Bei, with correct and generous fonts and vigorous momentum. It is the essence of calligraphy art in Longmen Grottoes, and has always been respected by the world.
There is also a prescription cave with 140 prescriptions engraved in it, which reflects the achievements of ancient medicine in China. Carving some prescriptions on stone tablets or caves, which are also found in other places, is an important way to spread ancient medical achievements to future generations.
Longmen Grottoes also retain a large number of religious, artistic, calligraphy, music, clothing, medicine, architecture, Chinese and foreign transportation and other physical historical materials. Therefore, it is also a large stone carving art museum.
Edit this cultural heritage
Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province, located in the southeast of Luoyang, are distributed on the cliffs on both sides of Yishui River, with a length of 1km from north to south. Longmen Grottoes have been excavated since the Northern Wei Dynasty and have a history of more than 400 years. There are more than 2,300 caves and 65,438+10,000 statues, which is a model of ancient sculpture art in China.
Wei Cave-In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty began to dig Guyang Cave in Longmen Mountain. From 500 to 523, Emperor Wu and Emperor Di successively dug three large caves in the north, south and south of Binyang Cave. The construction of Shiyang Cave and Binyang Cave cost more than 800,000 people, and the Fangzi Cave and Lianhua Cave dug during the Eastern Wei Dynasty were also dug. Grottoes in the Northern Dynasties were all located in Longmen Mountain, and Guyang Cave was built for more than 50 years from the Hui Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, showing many China art forms, and the posture of the giant Buddha changed from the majestic Yungang Grottoes to the gentle and amiable Longmen Grottoes. The Buddha statue represented by the main Buddha in Binyang Middle Cave is smiling. Longmen Grottoes show more China art Buddha statues than Yungang Grottoes.
Tang grottoes-the most prosperous period is the Tang Dynasty, accounting for more than 60% of the total number of grottoes. During the reign of Wu Zetian, most of the grottoes in the Tang Dynasty were excavated, which was related to her long-term presence in Luoyang. Fengxian Temple is the most representative Tang grottoes, with two bodhisattvas 70 feet high, and Ye Jia, Ananda, King Kong and God King each 50 feet high (the length of the Tang Dynasty). Its scale is the first in Longmen Grottoes. Completed in 675 AD, Wu Zetian paid 20,000 yuan herself.
Longmen 20 series products are precious calligraphy works of Wei Bei. Representing the stele style of Wei Dynasty, it is tall and straight, generous and powerful, and it is the font in the transition from official script to regular script, Guyangdong 19.
There are three caves in Binyang Cave, and the middle cave in Binyang is the masterpiece of Northern Wei Dynasty (386 ~ 5 12). It took 24 years before and after the cave was built, which was the longest excavation. There is 1 1 Buddha in the cave. The main statue of Sakyamuni is carved on the main wall of the cave, with disciples and bodhisattvas standing on the left and right sides. The faces of Buddha and Bodhisattva are thin, with large eyes and flat necks, and the brocade texture is exquisitely carved, which has obvious artistic traces of the western regions. The ceiling is carved with flying sky, which is quite healthy and elegant. It is said that there is also a relief "The Empress Dowager Cixi's Buddha Ceremony" on the two walls of the cave, which is unique in shape and exquisite in composition. Later, it was stolen and chiseled, and now it is placed in the new york Museum. The inscription of Chu Suiliang, the prime minister calligrapher of Tang Dynasty in Dongkou is worth reading.
Wanfo Cave Wanfo Cave is located in the south of Binyang Cave. There are many carved statues in the cave. The north and south stone walls are covered with small Buddha statues, many of which are only one inch or a few centimeters high, and there are more than 15000 statues. The Buddha statue on the main wall sits on the octagonal lotus seat, waist. Four lux at the waist and lotus on the shoulder. There are 54 lotus flowers carved on the back wall, with a bodhisattva or benefactor sitting on each lotus, and musicians embossed on the top of the wall, all of which are elegant and lifelike. There is also a statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva on the south wall along the mouth, with a clean bottle and a dusty tail, which is round and plump, graceful and vivid.
Fengxian Temple is the largest grotto in Longmen in Tang Dynasty. According to the inscription, this grotto was dug in the period of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty, which lasted for three years. The Buddha statue in the cave clearly embodies the artistic characteristics of the Buddha statue in the Tang Dynasty, with a plump face and drooping ears, and a perfect, peaceful, warm and kind shape, which is extremely moving. The statue of Rushenafo in the middle of the grottoes is the largest Buddha statue in Longmen Grottoes, with a height of 17. 14m, a head height of 4m and an ear length of1.9m. It is full in shape, magnificent in momentum, smooth in dress lines and extremely artistic in appeal. There are two disciples Ye Jia and Ananda on both sides of the Buddha statue in Lushena. They are docile and pious, and the two bodhisattvas are kind and cheerful. The heavenly king looks strong with a pagoda in his hand. Legend has it that the face of Lushe Buddha was built according to the face of Wu Zetian.
The statue of King Kong Luxe is more moving than the statue of Luxe next to the Buddha statue in Lushena. It is a treasure in Longmen Grottoes. 1953 it was found near the south cave when cleaning up the accumulated soil in the cave. It was stolen and left behind. I saw that King Kong Lux's eyes suddenly exploded and glared at the front, making a second-hand fist, and the muscles in his chest, hands and legs bulged high. The whole statue is bold and unconstrained, powerful and magnificent.
Guyang Cave is the earliest and richest cave in Longmen Grottoes and another representative cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty. There are many statues of the Buddha's niche in Guyangdong, most of which have inscriptions, which record the names of the sculptors at that time, the age and reasons of the statues. These are precious materials for studying calligraphy and sculpture in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Most of the landmark works in the history of China's calligraphy, Longmen Twenty, are concentrated here. "Longmen Twenty Products" stands for Wei Bei, with correct and generous fonts and vigorous momentum. It is the essence of calligraphy art in Longmen Grottoes, and has always been respected by the world.
There is also a prescription cave with 140 prescriptions engraved in it, which reflects the achievements of ancient medicine in China. Carving some prescriptions on stone tablets or caves, which are also found in other places, is an important way to spread ancient medical achievements to future generations.
Longmen Grottoes also retain a large number of religious, artistic, calligraphy, music, clothing, medicine, architecture, Chinese and foreign transportation and other physical historical materials. Therefore, it is also a large stone carving art museum.
Longmen Grottoes are large in scale, magnificent in momentum, exquisitely carved and rich in content and subject matter, and are regarded as one of the greatest treasures of world classical art.. With its own systematic and unique language of sculpture art, it reveals various laws and rules of sculpture art creation. Before it, the grotto art mostly retained the elements of Gandhara and Tuodala art, while Longmen Grottoes inherited the remote Indian grotto art, followed the style of Yungang Grottoes, and integrated the advanced and profound history and culture of Han nationality in Wei, Jin, Luoyang and Southern Dynasties. Therefore, from the very beginning, the sculpture art of Longmen Grottoes has been integrated with the understanding and strong pursuit of national aesthetic consciousness and form, which makes the grotto art show the trend of China and secularization, which can be called a "milestone" to show the transformation of China grotto art.
Longmen ershipin
The title of "Longmen Twenty Sales" began in Qing Dynasty. The so-called "Longmen Twenty Pin" refers to the inscriptions of 20 statues selected from Longmen Grottoes in Central and Northern Wei Dynasty, of which 19 are in Guyang Cave and one is in Cixiang Cave. "Longmen Twenty Products" is the quintessence of calligraphy art in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The calligraphy art it represents evolved on the basis of the official script of Han and Jin Dynasties. The font is dignified and generous, rich and simple, with official script style and regular script factors. It is the representative of "Weibei" style and occupies a very high position in the history of calligraphy art development in China.
Edit this collection of cultural relics
Longmen Museum has 36 statues, 8 inscriptions, 48 statues, 32 artifacts, 64 porcelain, 32 bronzes, 64 brick carvings, 16 stone carvings and 160 calligraphy and painting inscriptions, which is a precious cultural heritage in China.
Edit the carving style of this paragraph.
Mainly Buddha statues, it continued the carving style of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty.
Edit the tourism resources of this paragraph.
Longmen Grottoes is located12km south of Luoyang. The two mountains are opposite here, and the Yi River is like the natural gate. It was called "Kansai" or "Icahn" in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was called Longmen after the Sui Dynasty.
The so-called "grottoes" are caves dug on the cliffs of Shibi Mountain, or natural caves used to hide or store food and things. But it appeared as a cave temple after the rise of Buddhism in ancient India. As the missionary activities of monks spread to the frontier and inland areas of China, they merged with China's national characteristics and traditional artistic techniques and styles, becoming a unique carving and painting process in China.
Historically, Luoyang was the capital of Eastern Han Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty and Wu Zhou Dynasty. Buddhism was introduced into China from the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Baima Temple in Luoyang, known as the first Buddhist temple in China, was built in Yongping years. The emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty generally advocated Buddhism, and Wu Zetian believed in Buddhism even more. In order to show their devotion to the Buddha, they built many buildings in Luoyang, and Longmen Grottoes is one of the most famous places.
From 65438 to 0999, Luoyang Municipal People's Government invested nearly 200 million yuan to carry out large-scale renovation of the surrounding environment of Longmen Grottoes. In March 2002, the Longmen Grottoes Scenic Area Administration was established to manage the grottoes, Xiangshan Temple and Baijuyi Tomb in a unified way, and raised nearly 100 million yuan to build two highway bridges in the north and south of Longmen Grottoes, which widened the river in the south of the scenic area and restored the ancient buildings and facilities of Xiangshan Temple. It is planned to close the scenic spot in April 2003, when there will be a tourist scene integrating grottoes, temples and cemeteries. At that time, Chinese and foreign guests could stroll along the rippling banks of the Yi River with the bells of Xiangshan Temple, stop in front of the Buddhist shrine and enjoy many landscapes of Longmen.
Longmen Grottoes are a precious heritage of the people of Henan, China and the world.
Honors: national cultural relics protection unit, national 5A-level tourist scenic spot, national civilized scenic spot demonstration site and world cultural heritage.
Admission: Longmen Grottoes, Baiyuan (Bai Juyi's Tomb) and Xiangshan Temple are subject to the one-vote system, and the fare is 80.
Location: Luoyang South12km.
Opening hours:
Spring, summer and autumn: 7: 30 am-6:30 pm.
Winter: 7: 30 am-5:30 pm.
Visit Longmen at night every April1-1October 3 1 and stop selling tickets at 9: 00.
Attraction transportation: take 8 1 bus: Luoyang Railway Station-Longmen Grottoes; No.60 Road: Shui Gu West-Longmen Grottoes; Road 53: Equality Street-Longmen Grottoes;
Optimal travel time
It is dry in spring, hot and rainy in summer, mild in autumn and cold in winter. The annual average temperature is about 15 degrees.
You can enjoy peony and visit Longmen Grottoes during the annual April1-May 10 Luoyang Peony Fair.
For tourists who don't joke about peony, the best tourist season in Longmen Grottoes is undoubtedly autumn. It's really a pleasure to climb a mountain in the crisp autumn.
Edit this part of the scenic food
The most distinctive feature of Longmen Grottoes is Luoyang water mat. The main course is soup, which is like running water, hence the name. It was once introduced into the palace and was the first choice for Luoyang guests. You can taste it in Yao Yao, Zhentu, Binhu and Luoyang restaurants in the old city.
There is also "no soup", which has a history of 100 years and covers scenic spots and Luoyang streets.
Edit this part of scenic shopping
Luoyang has many specialties, from handicrafts to local products. The famous Tang Sancai has a history of one hundred years in Luoyang. Luo embroidery is a traditional handicraft in Luoyang with a history of more than 2,000 years. There are also Luoyang stone, plum blossom jade, Luoyang cherry, Yellow River carp and Dukang wine. ...
The shopping environment in Luoyang is quite good. Major shopping malls not only provide tourists with a dazzling array of world famous brands, domestic products, home appliances, fashion, gold and silver jewelry and other commodities, but also have various entertainment and accommodation facilities. Handicrafts include: antique bronze ware Luoning bamboo curtain Luoyang palace lantern Luoyang Tang Sancai Wang Mazi scissors Zhao Tongshao inkstone.
Edit this famous review.
Assessment by the World Heritage Committee:
The grottoes and temples in Longmen area show the largest and best plastic arts in China from the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (AD 493-907). These works of art describe the religious themes in Buddhism in detail and represent the highest peak of stone carving art in China. Longmen Grottoes belong to the national key cultural relics protection units.
Low Bai Juyi's evaluation
In the suburbs of Luodu, mountains and rivers are the best, and Longmen is the first.