English: Swiss Confederation
English: Swiss Confederation
German: schweizerische eidgenossenschaft
French: Swiss Confederation
Italian: Confederacy
Latin: Helvetica, abbreviated as CH.
Area: 4 1.285 km2, accounting for 3.7% of the water area, ranking 132.
National flag: square. This flag is red with a white cross in the middle. There are different opinions about the origin of Swiss flag patterns, among which four are more representative. By 1848, Switzerland had formulated a new federal constitution, which officially stipulated the red and white cross flag as the Swiss federal flag. White symbolizes peace, justice and light, and red symbolizes the victory, happiness and enthusiasm of the people; The whole design of the national flag symbolizes national unity. This national flag was revised in 1889, changing the original red and white cross rectangle into a square, symbolizing the fair and neutral policy adopted by the country in diplomacy.
National emblem: It's a coat of arms. The pattern and color are the same as the national flag.
National flower: edelweiss
National stone: crystal
Currency: Swiss currency is Swiss franc, which is an international hard currency. 1 Swiss franc = 100 centimes. There are seven denominations of Swiss currency: 10, 20,50, 100, 200,500, 1000 Swiss francs (CHF) and seven denominations of coins: 5 10/0,20,50 cm, 6544. The exchange rate of US dollar against Swiss franc was 1: 1.69 in 2000, 1: 1.69 in 2006 and 1.56 in 2002.
Time difference: Swiss time is 7 hours slower than China and 6 hours slower than China in summer, because daylight saving time is adopted from March to the end of September every year. The skiing season is from mid-February to late May.
Relations with China:1September 195014th, China established diplomatic relations with Switzerland.
Population: 7,258,800 (200 1), of which 79.8% are Swiss nationals and 20.2% are foreigners; ; Population density 176/km? Ranked 92 nd.
Language: Switzerland uses four languages: German, French, Italian and Latin. Among them, the German-speaking population accounts for 63.9%, mainly distributed in the northern region; French-speaking population accounts for 19.5%, in the western region; Italian-speaking population accounts for 6.6%, in the southern region; Latin Romance-speaking population accounts for 0.5%, in a few areas in the east; 9.5% of the population speaks other languages. The first three languages are official languages and are adopted by official federal documents. English is also widely used.
Religious belief: Swiss residents mainly believe in Catholicism and Christianity, among which Catholicism accounts for 44. 1% of the total religious population and Christians account for 36.6%. In addition, Muslims account for about 4.5%, others account for 3. 1%, and those without religion account for 1 1.7%.
Geography: Switzerland is a mountainous landlocked country, located in south-central Europe. It borders Austria and Liechtenstein in the east, Italy in the south, France in the west and Germany in the north. Its territory starts from Schawartz Peak in Dengzhou, Grauben, east longitude 10 29' 26 ",reaches Shangxi Town in Geneva in the west, with the southernmost point at 45 49' 8" north latitude, close to chiasso in Ticino, and the northernmost point at 47 48' 35 "north latitude. This is Baldin in Schaffhausen. It is 220. 1km long from north to south and 348.4km long from east to west. The whole territory is divided into three natural terrain areas: the Alps in the south-central part (accounting for 60% of the total area), the Jura Mountains in the northwest (accounting for 65,438+00%) and the Central Plateau (accounting for 30%). The average elevation is about1.350m, with the highest point being dufour Peak (4634m above sea level) and the lowest point being Lake mazur in Ticino (1.93m above sea level). Switzerland is a mountainous country with beautiful scenery. Its forest area is 12523 square kilometers, accounting for 30.3% of the national area. If you add the area of agriculture and green space (10 166 square kilometers, accounting for 24.6% of the national area), more than half of the country's land is covered by green space. Switzerland is the birthplace of the three major rivers in continental Europe and is known as the "European Water Tower". The main rivers are: Rhine River (375km in Switzerland, the largest river in Switzerland), Aer River (295km in Switzerland, the longest inland river in Switzerland) and Rhone River (264km in Switzerland, the second largest inland river in Switzerland). There are 1 4,84 lakes, the largest of which is Lake Lemmon (also known as Lake Geneva), with an area of 582 square kilometers and the deepest point of 3 10 meter. Others are: Lake Constance, Lake New chartres, Lake Marjory, Lake Sizhou and Lake Zurich. The area of rivers and lakes in Switzerland is 1726 square kilometers, accounting for 4.2% of the total area of Switzerland. Switzerland is located in the north temperate zone. Although the area is small, the climate varies greatly from place to place. The Alps extend from east to west, forming the dividing line of Swiss climate. The northern Alps are alternately influenced by the mild and humid maritime climate in western Europe and the continental climate in eastern Europe, with Leng Xia fever in winter and great changes; South of the Alps belongs to the Mediterranean climate, and the climate is pleasant all year round. The annual rainfall in Switzerland is 1500mm, but it is unevenly distributed. The average annual temperature is 8.6 degrees Celsius. In cities, the summer temperature can reach 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), and the air humidity is suitable; In winter, the temperature is often below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), and sometimes it snows and freezes.
Capital: Bern, urban population 122500.
Bern: Bern is located in the west of Switzerland. The Federal Constitution 1848 is the capital of Switzerland, also known as the "federal city", and the capital of bern state. It covers an area of more than 230 square kilometers (including suburbs), with an urban population of 1.24 million and an altitude of 550 meters. It is located at a natural bend of the Allen River, a tributary of the Rhine River. The swift river surrounds the old town of Bern from three sides, forming a peninsula. Legend has it that in order to name the city, the then ruler Duke Zalingen decided to go hunting and named the city after the first wild animal he caught. As a result, he killed a bear, so he named the city after the word "bear" The name Bern comes from the German word "bear", which is pronounced as "Bayer" in German and then gradually changed to "Bern". "Bear" naturally became the emblem of Bern, and then became the symbol of bern state. Some ancient buildings in Bern still have sculptures of bears. There is also a bear park near the Niederger Bridge on the east bank of the Aer River, where some bears are fed for tourists to watch.
Bern was founded in the12nd century, and it has a history of 800 years since it was built in the18th century. Some of the original wooden buildings in the old town of Bern were destroyed in many fires in the Middle Ages, and later they were rebuilt with stone structures, and they are still intact: the carriage road paved with gravel, the long arches connected with each other on both sides of the street, the ancient houses with red tiles and white walls, the colorful columns of the fountain with allusions in the center of the street, the bell tower in the 142 1 century and the late Gothic cathedral, which make the main streets now designated as pedestrian areas. The ancient city of Bern is listed as a world famous cultural city by UNESCO.
Switzerland had no fixed capital for a long time in the past. 1On October 28th, Bern was designated as the federal capital of Switzerland and became the seat of the federal government and the national political and diplomatic center. The copper-green federal building of the federal government and the federal parliament, located on the north bank of the Aer River, is a group of large-scale palace-style buildings made of granite, which was built in 1852- 1857. The left and right wings of the building are the office buildings of the federal ministries, and under the middle dome are the conference halls of the two houses of the federal parliament. The building 1894- 1902 was expanded, and 1993 was renovated again, adding electronic voting devices.
Due to public opposition to noise and terrain, Bern has not built a large airport, but only a small airport with flights to major cities in Western Europe. Bern has expressways leading to all parts of the country and is also one of the national railway hubs.
After World War II, Bern's machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, pharmaceuticals, textiles, food, construction, printing and other industries have developed year by year, but they are all small and medium-sized enterprises, which do not occupy an important position in the Swiss economy. Bern is mainly an administrative and financial center as well as a cultural and tourist city. The University of Bern is one of the oldest universities in this city, which was founded in 1834 and is famous for studying cosmic rays. In addition, there are many different types of museums, such as history, natural history, art and weapons. Bern is also home to the Universal Postal Union and the General Administration of International Railway Transport.
Historically, many revolutionary activists lived in Bern. Engels went to Bern in the autumn of 1848 to guide the Swiss workers' movement. Lenin also stopped at Zimmerwald and Kuntar near Bern from September 19 14 to early 19 16, and wrote many articles exposing the second international opportunist traitor. Einstein, a famous physicist, studied physics in his spare time while working in the Berne Federal Patent Office, and published Berne's proud masterpiece Relativity, which still retains Einstein's residence (now it has been turned into a museum).
Other major cities in Switzerland
Zurich: Zurich is the capital of zurich state, located on the north bank of Lake Zurich. 1At the end of 1997, the urban population was 338,000, of which foreigners accounted for 27.9%. It is the largest city in Switzerland with a history of 2000 years. It is not only the largest financial and commercial center in China, but also an important cultural city in Switzerland, with the transportation and service industries ranking first in China.
Zurich is an important international financial center and one of the gold markets. There are more than 350 banks and bank branches here, including nearly 70 foreign banks. The prestigious Zurich Stock Exchange was established at 1876, with the highest turnover in Western Europe, and 70% of securities transactions were conducted here at the peak. Swiss Stock Exchange is the only exchange in the world with fully automatic trading and clearing system. Its advanced equipment and high-quality talents provide investors with quality services. Zurich's gold market is more famous. In recent years, its position in the gold market has declined, and it became the second largest gold market in the world after London in the 1960s.
Zurich is located in the traffic artery, and the industry and commerce in the city and its surrounding areas have been prosperous for a long time, especially the silk industry has developed rapidly. Now there are mainly machinery manufacturing, construction, textiles, chemicals, electronics, printing and food processing. Railway Station Street on the west side of Lima River in downtown is the most prosperous commercial street in the city, with hundreds of banks and many high-end shops, including jewelry, watches, furs, high-end clothes, cultural relics and antiques.
Zurich is the hub of domestic and international transportation in Switzerland, with expressways extending in all directions. China's largest railway station and airport are located here, with more than 700 trains passing in and out every day. The airport has tens of millions of passengers every year. Swissair and China Civil Aviation have several flights between Zurich, Beijing and Shanghai every week.
Zurich is also one of the cultural, educational and scientific research centers in Switzerland. The "Fulao" church on the bank of Zurich Lake was built in 853 AD, which is a typical Romanesque building. Not far from the church, it is the most beautiful baroque building in the city, which used to be the wine guild. On the other side of the river, the building facing the "Fulao" Church is Zurich Cathedral, with a pair of towering towers built in15th century, which is an important symbol of Zurich. City Hall is a magnificent Italian Renaissance-style building. Zurich has more than 50 museums and galleries. Zurich Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich University and other institutions are world-famous institutions of higher learning. About half of the nearly 1,000 students I have studied in Switzerland are studying in these two universities. The Swiss National Museum and Library are also located here. Lenin1916-1917 engaged in research work in this city, and completed the famous work "Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalist development".
1982 Zurich and Kunming are sister cities. Zurich has helped Kunming's public transportation and sewage treatment.
1988 China establishes consulate general in Zurich.
Geneva: Geneva is the capital of the state of Geneva, located on the shores of Lake Lemmon, with pleasant scenery. Bordering France on the north, west and south, it has beautiful scenery, no heat in summer and no cold in winter. The average temperature in the hottest July is 19 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature in the coldest January is about zero degrees Celsius. At the end of 1997, the population of Geneva was173,000, of which foreigners accounted for 43.8%, making it the second largest city in Switzerland.
Geneva has been an important commercial center in Europe since 12 century, and now it is the second largest financial market in Switzerland, with more than 120 banks.
As the seat of international organizations and the city of international conferences, Geneva is particularly famous, and it is also called the United Nations City with new york and Vienna. According to statistics, there are 243 international institutions here, which can be roughly divided into three categories: first, United Nations institutions, such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, etc. Second, intergovernmental organizations, such as CERN and EFTA; Third, non-governmental organizations, such as the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the International Federation for Defence of Children and the International Red Cross. The famous Palais des Nations used to be the seat of the League of Nations, but now it is the headquarters of the United Nations in Europe. It has become one of the important centers of multilateral diplomatic activities, and many important international conferences on international disarmament, trade, labor, health, meteorology, telecommunications, human rights and other issues related to world peace, economic development and social progress have been held here. Nearly 130 countries have permanent representatives to the United Nations and other international organizations here. China established the Consulate General in Geneva on 1954, and changed 1972 to the Permanent Mission to the United Nations Representative Office in Geneva and other international organizations.
1954, Premier Zhou Enlai led a delegation to attend the Geneva Conference on Viet Nam. 196 1 year, Vice Premier Chen Yi led a delegation to attend the Geneva Conference on Laos.
Geneva is a famous tourist destination in Switzerland, with many places of interest. Rousseau, a French enlightenment thinker, was born in an old house in the old city. Byron, an English poet, lived in a villa named Dior Dida in Coloni in 18 16. Not far from this villa is the former residence of British romantic poet Shelley.
The famous International Religious Reform Monument, Saint Pierre Cathedral, Grand Theatre, Museum of Art and History, Geneva University, etc. Geneva is worth visiting. When the weather is clear, boating on Lake Lemmon is more interesting.
Basel: Basel is located at the junction of Switzerland, France and Germany, with an area of 37 square kilometers and an urban population of 1.7 1 10,000, making it the third largest city in China. Because of the Rhine, medieval Basel played an important role in European trade. 1833 was divided into two and a half states, namely, the northern city of Basel and the southern city of Basel.
From the beginning of19th century, Basel gradually developed into an industrial city. At present, the main industries are chemical medicine, machinery, cement, textile, food, clocks and watches, metallurgy and so on. World-famous chemical groups such as Novartis and Roche are located in Basel, making it the center of Swiss chemical industry. The employees of these two groups account for almost half of the employed population in the city.
Basel: It is also one of the important financial markets in Switzerland. The Bank for International Settlements and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are here, which is also a good place for summer vacation.
Basel is not only the railway hub of Switzerland, but also the only river port leading to the sea in Switzerland. The annual cargo throughput accounts for half of all Swiss foreign trade freight volume.
University of basel is the oldest Swiss university with a history of more than 500 years. Gothic Basle Cathedral was built in14th century, which is magnificent and unique. St Martin's Church is a building from 1 1 century to14th century. Basel City Hall was built in16th century. On the high ochre door wall, there are exquisite colored paintings drawn by famous ancient Swiss painters. Venus Hotel in the city is the oldest hotel in Switzerland, which was built in 14 12 and painted with late Gothic color patterns. The Basel Museum of Fine Arts is very famous in Europe. The museum exhibits the works of famous Swiss painters and sculptors in the Middle Ages and a large number of modern paintings. Located in the city center, Basel Expo has four exhibition halls, with an indoor exhibition area of 6.5438+0.4 million square meters and an outdoor exhibition area of 6.5438+0.0 million square meters. An international exposition is held every spring. Built in 1984, the Basel Radio and Television Tower is 250 meters high and is currently the tallest building in Switzerland.
Lausanne: Lausanne is the capital of Vaud, located on the lakeside of Lemmon. With a population of 6.5438+0.2 million, the urban area is the fifth largest city in Switzerland, mainly speaking French.
Lausanne, one explanation is "water flow" and the other is "stone". Lausanne became the political, economic and religious center of this region in the Middle Ages. 1803 was decided by the parliament of Vaud to become the capital of Vaud.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the emergence of railways made Lausanne the most important transportation hub in French-speaking Switzerland. Lausanne is the industrial center of Vaud. The main industries are precision machinery, chemicals, food, printing and so on.
There are two universities in Lausanne (Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne and University of Lausanne), as well as the Higher Trade School, Conservatory of Music and Normal School. Lausanne Hotel Management College is quite famous in the world.
Lausanne, with mild climate, beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant scenery, is one of the tourist attractions in Switzerland, and tourism is an important source of income. The main tourist attractions are 12 century Gothic Cathedral? (x) The skeleton of the gang? The 3rd century Saint Fran? ois Church, City Hall,14th century Saint Mel Castle, natural sanatorium, and the Lou Minar Palace built in19th century exhibited a large number of collections all the year round. The Roman Museum, located in Di Wei district in the west of the city, has a collection of cultural relics about the ancient Roman port of Luzona. In addition, there are ancient city museum, Wozhou history museum, art museum, natural history museum and so on.
Since 1874, the Swiss federal constitution stipulated Lausanne as the seat of the highest federal judicial institution, the federal court has been located here.
Lausanne was once a city where foreign exiles gathered. Like Marie in France? Queen Louise, Napoleon's three brothers, Italian charcoal burner, Russian revolutionary, and later Belarus. Many historical and cultural celebrities have also stayed here, such as Micko Wirtz, Shelley, Byron, Dickens, Dumas, Hugo and so on.
Lausanne, where ioc headquarters is located, has the Olympic Museum.
Lucerne: Lucerne, the capital of Lucerne, is located in the central plateau of Switzerland, northwest of Lake Lucerne and southwest of Zurich. The Lois River runs through the city. The population is about 70,000, mainly speaking German. Lucerne was originally a fishing village. It was built in the 8th century, AD 1 178. 1230 After the opening of the Saint-Gotha Tunnel, it has become an important transportation hub connecting central and southern Europe and an important trade center between the Rhine River and lombardia, with industries such as wood processing, chemistry, machinery and textile.
Lucerne, with beautiful natural scenery and developed tourism, is a convalescent and tourist resort in Switzerland. There are seven bridges between the old town on the right bank of the river and the new town on the left bank of the river, two of which are beautifully decorated. The largest wooden bridge and the water tower connected with it were built at 1300, which is the oldest wooden bridge in Europe. Because of its historical and aesthetic value, it has become a symbol of the city and the pride of the Swiss. Unfortunately, this wooden bridge was destroyed by fire overnight at 1993, and it was rebuilt the following year. There are14th century city walls and Renaissance buildings, old town hall (1602- 1606), history museum, traffic museum, etc. The glacier park in the city has the remains of glaciers 20,000 years ago, and there is an exhibition about the ice age. The former residence of the German poet Goethe can be found in Hills Square.
Main attractions in Switzerland
Palais des Nations:
The Palais des Nations used to be the seat of the League of Nations, but now it is the headquarters of the United Nations Office at Geneva. It is a symbol of Geneva as an international city and a microcosm of modern world history.
The Palais des Nations is located in Ariane Park, which is located in the hilly area on the right bank of Lake Lemmon, covering an area of 25 hectares (about 375 acres). Standing high in the garden, you can overlook Lake Lemmon and Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Europe. This park was originally the private property of the Le Viglio family, Gustav? Le Viglio is the last generation of this family. He is a writer and an art collector. His mother's name is Ariane. After his mother died, he named the garden Ariane to show his memory of her. There is also an Ariane Museum in the park, which was built by Le Viglio to store his large collection of China and Japanese porcelain. 1890, Gustav? Le Viglio bequeathed Ariane Park and Ariane Museum to the city before his death. There are three provisions in his will: first, after his death, the mausoleum will be built in this garden, and the Geneva municipal government must always be responsible for protecting and maintaining it and must not destroy it; 2. Ariane Park cannot be privately owned and must be open to the public; According to the tradition of Le Viglio family, peacocks should be kept in the garden. The Geneva Municipal Government agrees and abides by these three regulations. The League of Nations, which had the right to use Ariane Park then, and the United Nations Office at Geneva now also agreed to abide by these three regulations.
The Palais des Nations was built by the League of Nations in 1929, when 360 designers participated in the design. The League of Nations has selected five best architects, the most important of which is Italian Kalob? Roach and French Jacques? Kalou. It took seven years to build 1936.
The completed "League of Nations" building, the Palais des Nations, covers an area of 18600 square meters, and its plot ratio is even larger than that of the famous Versailles.
After the founding of the United Nations, its Geneva office was located in the Palais des Nations. 1969 The United Nations decided to expand the Palais des Nations. Secretary-General Wu Dan laid the foundation stone for the new building, which was built on the north side of the Palais des Nations. In order to coordinate the new wing with the architectural style of the old building and the natural environment of Ariane Park, and meet the actual needs, the design committee composed of British, French and Italian architects carefully selected the design scheme and adopted modern building materials and technologies, which took five years to complete. 1973, UN Secretary General waldheim presided over the inauguration ceremony. The newly-built wing is novel in design and beautiful in shape, which is in harmony with the original Guolian Building. The newly-built wing is connected with the old building through an air corridor, that is, an "overpass". No matter from its lines, height or overall appearance, it matches the old buildings of the International Customs, which can be said to be a perfect match and complement each other.
After the expansion, * * * has 50 doors with a total length of 575 meters and an area of 32,600 square meters. * * * It has 65,438 offices and 34 meeting rooms, with a total space capacity of 820,000 cubic meters and a building area of 32,000 square meters.
The original Palais des Nations was double horseshoe-shaped, facing Lake Lemmon on the one hand and Mount Jura on the other. The horseshoe-shaped three-wing building structure facing the lake mainly includes:
A, the left-wing library, this library is with American John? d？ Rockfield donated $2 million to build it. At present, * * * owns1100,000 books and 10000 periodicals published in other countries, making it the largest international library in the world. There is a spacious reading room in the museum, as well as the League of Nations exhibition hall, which displays the historical documents, pictures and objects of the League of Nations. In addition, the library also collects private letters and various manuscripts exchanged between politicians from all over the world and the United Nations. These important documents are concentrated in a special exhibition room on the second floor. In fact, the reason why the Palais des Nations is located here is precisely because of this library. Originally, it was planned to build the Palais des Nations on a piece of land owned by the League of Nations. Now this land is a "rest park" by the lake. I didn't plan to build such a big library at first.
Second, the right-wing Council building, the Council Hall is the most beautiful hall among world officials, also known as the Spanish Hall, because the large mural in the hall is the famous Spanish painter Yue Se? Maria? Celtic works. During the period of 1934 1936, Celt spent two years in his Paris studio to complete this group of immortal masterpieces. The picture is golden yellow and dark brown, and the theme of the painting is: justice, strength, peace, law and wisdom.
The conference hall is not only the most beautiful hall in the world, but also an important hall. According to the unwritten rules of the United Nations, all meetings involving international security issues, or more urgent meetings, are held in the Council Chamber. 1954, the Indian zhina conference attended by Premier Zhou was held here. The conference hall can accommodate 500 people, and one of its features is that the position of the conference table can be adjusted according to the needs of each meeting.
3. The middle part is the General Assembly Hall. The big corridor in front of the Great Hall is actually a lounge, which is very spacious and tall. It was built by the League of Nations with materials donated by member countries. The light green marble on the wall is Swedish, the dark green marble is Italian, the scarlet floor marble is Finnish, and the black and white marble decoration on the floor is Belgian. There are two large murals hanging on the wall of the hall, which is one of the main designers of the Palais des Nations, Jacques? Kalou's wife painted it. The content is taken from stories in the Bible, one symbolizing war and the other symbolizing peace.
The Great Hall is as big as the Paris Opera House, with 2000 seats, as well as seats for simultaneous interpretation, journalists and spectators. 1962 The United Nations has been expanded and renovated. Many important meetings in history have been held here. Now, some important United Nations conferences, such as disarmament and the law of the sea, are held here. The annual meetings of the World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization were also held in the conference hall.
There are also 22 conference halls of different sizes on both sides of the General Assembly Hall. The smallest has fifty seats, and the largest has three hundred seats. If you pay attention to these conference halls, you will find that their interior decoration styles are quite different. It turns out that these 22 conference halls are decorated by some founding countries of the League of Nations, and each country is responsible for one, so the styles are very different.
The new wing building can be divided into two parts in architecture:
First of all, the seven-story secretary building on the west side contains six small conference halls and 700 offices, where the translation departments in the six working languages of the United Nations (English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish and Russian) are located. Second, there are two huge cylindrical buildings on the east side, with two upper and lower conference halls, and four * * * in each column. There are more than 900 seats in the conference hall on the upper floor and more than 600 seats on the lower floor. One of the largest conference halls, called Swiss Hall, is to commend and commemorate the 4 million Swiss francs donated by the Swiss government for the construction of the new building.
In the spacious corridor on the east side of the new building, there is a coffee room and many seats for delegates to take a nap. To the east is a huge glass wall, 80 meters long and 14 meters high. Each piece of glass is13m high, 2.25m wide and weighs1.2ton, with a total area of 9250m2. From the interior, you can see the beautiful scenery of Lake Lemmon, and the "House of Honor" also has a panoramic view.
The Honor Courtyard is the big courtyard in front of the main building of the Palais des Nations and the main part of Ariane Park. The terrain here is open, the grassland is lush and the environment is beautiful. Several Gu Song trees over a hundred years old are still full of vitality. There is a small pool in the center of the yard, which is a fund-raising pool of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. There are often many coins dropped by tourists. In the center of the pool is a huge armillary sphere with a sculpture representing the zodiac, which was presented to the United Nations by the United States in memory of President Wilson.
On the left side of the honor court, there is an inconspicuous sarcophagus surrounded by a circle of pines and cypresses. Is this Gustav, the former owner of Ariane Park? Le Viglio's mausoleum, which was designed by the deceased himself before his death. To the east of the mausoleum is a monument to conquer the universe and a statue presented by the Soviet Union. The monument is 28 meters high and inlaid with a thin plate made of titanium, which is an extremely high-temperature resistant material for the space shuttle. On the north side of the mausoleum, there is a sculpture called "Home", which was specially made by Mrs. Sandys, Churchill's granddaughter, for International Children's Day (1979) and presented to UNICEF.
The headquarters of the United Nations Office at Geneva is located in the Palais des Nations, headed by an Under-Secretary-General and Director-General of the United Nations. According to statistics, there are currently 140 countries' permanent missions to the United Nations Office at Geneva, including 6/kloc-0 countries' permanent missions to disarmament and 8 countries and regional groups' permanent observers. The Palais des Nations has more than 3,000 staff members who provide various services for the conference. From 65438 hours to 0980 hours, more than 7500 meetings were held in the Palais des Nations, of which 4000 meetings had simultaneous interpretation. 30% of the annual budget of the United Nations is allocated to the United Nations Office at Geneva, which also has its own police, postal and communication systems. The famous United Nations Philatelic Museum is located in the Palais des Nations. It displays stamps and documents from the Second World War to the recent period all the year round.
In the office, Swiss criminal law and civil law can only be implemented with the prior authorization of the Director General of the United Nations Office at Geneva. Within the city of Geneva, it has become a country within a country.
Olympic Museum:
Olympic Museum, located on the lakeside of Lemmon, Lausanne, completed at 1993. Greek art columns are placed at the entrance of the museum, burning the Olympic fire. The exhibition hall covers an area of about 3,400 square meters and contains all kinds of Olympic-related artworks and souvenirs, including stamps, torches, Olympic posters, commemorative coins, medals and paintings. The cinema in the museum shows films introducing the centennial history of the Olympic Games and the grand occasion of previous Xia Dong Games, which are very popular among tourists. The museum also has a world-class research center, with a library, video department, picture room and information center, the most advanced audio, optical, electrical and multimedia audio-visual equipment, and often holds various exhibitions, reports and seminars.
According to statistics, more than 60% of tourists come from abroad. The museum's annual budget is100000 Swiss francs. 1995, resulting in direct economic benefits of 1 100 million Swiss francs.
Xiyong Castle:
Xiyong Castle is one of the most famous monuments in Switzerland. It is located at the eastern end of Lake Geneva, protruding from an island composed of huge stones on Lake Geneva. People lived there in the Bronze Age, and later the Romans camped here and built fortifications. Xiyong Peninsula changed hands several times. In the 3rd century, 1 1 was expanded by Safuyan, and basically formed a closed feudal castle with military defense, storage, prison, church, aristocratic court and other functions. Since 1536, the castle has been occupied by Berners. 1798 After the uprising in Vaud, the castle was transferred to the name of Vaud government. The location of the castle is just on the side of the mountain and the side of the water. It is a corridor leading to Italy from all over Switzerland in history. Rulers of past dynasties divided their troops to guard here, just like holding their throats, in order to control the north and south and collect taxes. With the help of well-preserved architectural drawings of12nd century, the last renovation work of19th century was carried out smoothly.
Monument to the International Reformation:
Behind the University of Geneva, there is a huge wall along the ruins of the ancient city wall, called the International Religious Reform Monument, also known as the Wall of Religious Reformers.
This monument is 7 meters high and 100 meters long. It was built in 19O9 to commemorate the 400th birthday of Calvin, the pioneer of the Reformation. In order to build a monument, the International Monument Committee of the Reformation was established at that time, and design competitions were held all over the world. After repeated selection, the Committee finally selected the joint design scheme of four architects in Lausanne, Switzerland, which lasted for eight years and was completed on 19 17.
The International Religious Reform Monument is large in scale and rich in records. Above the wall, from left to right, there is a line of Latin words: "Darkness used to be light". In the center of the wall, four tall statues stand side by side, from left to right, namely Fahail, Calvin, Bess and Knox. There are also six smaller statues on both sides, all of which are famous figures who actively advocated and devoted themselves to the European religious reform in the16th century. In addition to the large relief image, there are eight small relief patterns and text descriptions on the lower part of the wall. This wall Sect