The burning of Yuanmingyuan was1August 900 14.
Invaders burned Yuanmingyuan twice in history. The Yuanmingyuan was burned for the first time in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, when the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. The British and French allied forces burned and looted everywhere, savagely plundered and burned the world-famous Yuanmingyuan, and most of the temple buildings in the park were destroyed by fire.
Yuanmingyuan was burned for the second time in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and set fire to Yuanmingyuan again, which made the remaining 13 royal palace buildings looted and burned again.
1900 On August 4th, Beijing was completely occupied. Wherever Eight-Nation Alliance went, he killed, set fire to, raped and plundered! There are countless treasures stolen and looted from the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace! Among them, the famous Yuanmingyuan, after the British and French allied forces, was looted and eventually became a ruin.
Is Yuanmingyuan burned in Eight-Nation Alliance?
Yuanmingyuan was not burned by Eight-Nation Alliance, but by the British and French allied forces in 1860. Yuanmingyuan is a large-scale imperial garden in China in the Qing Dynasty, located in Beijing. It consists of Yuanmingyuan and its affiliated gardens, Spring Garden and Qichun Garden, and is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens".
Yuanmingyuan was built in 1707, covering an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of 200,000 square meters and more than 50 scenic spots/kloc-0. Originally, Emperor Kangxi gave Yin _, the fourth son of the emperor. Kangxi wrote Yuanmingyuan for it, and Yuanming was the name of Yongzheng. After Yongzheng 1722 acceded to the throne, the original garden was expanded. In the south of the garden, Zheng Da Guangming Hall, Qin Zhengtang and many value rooms of the Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built, hoping to "avoid noise and listen to politics" here in summer.
1860, 10, 10 On October 6th, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan. Emperor Tongzhi wanted to repair it, but he was forced to stop because of financial difficulties. After Eight-Nation Alliance, Yuanmingyuan was destroyed by warlords and attacked by bandits, and finally became a ruin. Afterwards, according to the investigation of the official, some buildings of Qingyi Garden in Wanshou Mountain, Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan Mountain and Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain were burned down. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned down.
The photos before the destruction of Yuanmingyuan are very scary.
The masterpiece of the world is magnificent; Yuanmingyuan is the most brilliant symbol of the whole Qing Dynasty and a miracle in the history of architecture! From the reign of Kangxi to the reign of Xianfeng, there were six emperors, and it took about 150 years to continuously improve and perfect. 1860, after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing and plundered150,000 pieces of cultural relics, a fire made this "fascinating castle like the sun and the moon" disappear!
Breaking the wall cannot break the national humiliation; There is no end to the river of blood; The Kingoma iron can't resist foreign guns and iron cannons. Finally, the broken Yuanmingyuan became a humiliating historical symbol in China's modern history. Without luxurious houses and precious cultural relics, Yuanmingyuan is dead in history!
Everyone has his own regrets. It is everyone's regret that Yuanmingyuan was invisible before it was destroyed! In order to make up for this regret, Xu Wenrong, a 7 1 year-old man, spent 30 billion yuan to rebuild Yuanmingyuan, which is called "wishful thinking"; According to the architectural drawings of the museum, technicians use 3D technology to restore the renderings of Yuanmingyuan. The magnificent and exquisite architecture is shocking, but it is not real after all!
The only thing that can give people a glimpse of the most authentic features of Yuanmingyuan at that time is a photo. Before the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed by fire, an Englishman came here to visit and was deeply shocked by the Yuanmingyuan, known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". He picked up the camera and recorded the characteristics at that time. Now this photo has become very precious and sold for 200,000 pounds.
In the western suburbs of Beijing, there are endless xiufeng, artesian springs and large and small clear lakes everywhere. There are mountains and water here, forming the most beautiful natural scenery. At that time, Daliao built Yuquan Mountain Palace here. In the Ming Dynasty, many dignitaries rushed to build villas here. During the Wanli period, Tsinghua Campus, the first garden in Beijing, was built by Hou Liwei, a relative of Ming Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi also took a fancy to this "peerless treasure". 1709, he wanted to build a garden for his fourth son Yin _ in such a nice place, and named it "Yuanmingyuan". The word "Yuanming" means: "God is a gentleman; Bright and shining, people are also. " In other words, a person's quality level is very high.
1724, the first expansion of Yuanmingyuan began. Yong Zhengdi put the Ministry of Internal Affairs in charge and took people to the Jehol paddock to cut down trees. 1725, sent someone to the immortal mansion to cut stones. Zhu Pi said, "There is a slight delay in preparing stones for longevity, and I will be punished soon." This shows how much Yongzheng cares about the yard his father gave him!
During the Yongzheng period, the pattern of Yuanmingyuan was basically completed, covering an area of about 3000 mu. After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, the Yuanmingyuan was built, rebuilt and repaired. Later, during Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng years, Yuanmingyuan was also under construction. Even if the national treasury is empty, the construction of Yuanmingyuan cannot be left behind.
There is everything in the garden. Most of the stone materials used are white marble, the stone surface is finely carved, the roof is covered with glazed tiles, rockeries, artificial fountains, pavilions and pavilions are all designed with ingenuity, and there are more than 600 garden buildings, all of which are different. At the same time, Yuanmingyuan is a combination of Chinese and western, with both national architecture and western landscape, which is luxurious and atmospheric. It is called "Versailles in China"!
1860, the British and French allied forces robbed countless treasures and finally set them on fire. The fire lasted for three days and nights, and thick smoke hung over Beijing for a long time. Whether it is a unique garden masterpiece or a priceless painting masterpiece, it has been burned. The ladies-in-waiting, eunuchs and craftsmen in it suddenly had no time to escape, and 300 people died here.
1900, Yuanmingyuan was stolen again. With the demise of the Qing government, from 19 10 to 1937, useful things such as stones, wood and glazed tiles in the garden were dragged away one after another to build private mansions. Some people even drag away many stones from it every day and then take them out for sale. Decades have passed, and there is really nothing in Yuanmingyuan. During the "Ten-Year Movement",
100 years have passed, and the issue of "restoration" and "preservation" of Yuanmingyuan remains is still in dispute. Some people argue that history cannot be erased, and now the broken remains of Yuanmingyuan should not be repaired to warn future generations; Some people think that now that the country is strong, it should restore the glory of the previous nation and heal this scar. What do you think of this matter?
1900 Second Burning in Yuanmingyuan
Invaders burned Yuanmingyuan twice in history. The Yuanmingyuan was burned for the first time in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, when the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. The British and French allied forces burned and looted everywhere, savagely plundered and burned the world-famous Yuanmingyuan, and most of the temple buildings in the park were destroyed by fire.
Yuanmingyuan was burned for the second time in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and set fire to Yuanmingyuan again, which made the remaining 13 royal palace buildings looted and burned again.
Extended data
The background of Eight-Nation Alliance s war of aggression against China;
1894 China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and China's international status plummeted. Western powers began to covet China. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, the western powers set off an upsurge of carving up China. With the deepening of the national crisis, China people's struggle against imperialism is growing day by day.
At the same time, with the deepening of war reparations, the people were overwhelmed and eventually led to the Boxer Rebellion. The Qing government was at home and abroad, unable to resist, so the western powers became even more presumptuous and took advantage of the fish in troubled waters in an attempt to conquer China.
The Influence of Eight-Nation Alliance Burning Yuanmingyuan
It is immeasurable, that is to say, the loss is too great to make up for forever. This is not only a failure in China's cultural history, but also the most unbearable scene in modern history.
Yuanmingyuan was destroyed
Even foreigners are indignant at the destruction of Yuanmingyuan. Victor hugo, a great French writer, strongly condemned the atrocities committed by the British and French allied forces in burning Yuanmingyuan after the Second Opium War in the Letter to Captain Butler about the expedition of the British and French allied forces to China, as Hugo described and criticized:
"One day, two robbers from Europe broke into the Yuanmingyuan. One robber robbed property and the other set fire. These two robbers will be punished by history. One is called France and the other is called Britain. "
In fact, not only these two robbers, but also eight robbers followed. Many people have an understanding that Yuanmingyuan was burned in Eight-Nation Alliance, but this understanding is not very accurate. It was the allied forces of Britain and France that set fire to Yuanmingyuan. Eight-Nation Alliance did not set fire to Yuanmingyuan, but robbed it all.
At that time, imperialist robbers destroyed Yuanmingyuan not only to cover up the heinous crimes, but also to destroy such a magnificent, exquisite and magnificent garden according to the orders issued by James Bruce, commander of the British army at that time. Instead of feeling sorry, he proudly declared: "This move will shock China and Europe, and its effect will far exceed the imagination of people thousands of miles away."
Yuanmingyuan value
As a royal garden, Yuanmingyuan first represented the highest level of classical architecture in China at that time. This garden was built in 1709, originally dedicated to Yin, the fourth son of Qin Shihuang, and later. After 150 years of continuous creation and construction, it covers an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a building area of 200,000 square meters, including 150 scenic spots, which are known as "the model of all gardening arts" and "the garden of ten thousand gardens".
Secondly, as a royal treasure house, there are ancient paintings and calligraphy, Zhong Ding jade, gold and silver jewelry, Song and Yuan porcelain and so on. It can be said that all the rare treasures of China can be found in it, which is similar to the Royal Museum or Treasure House, and its value is immeasurable.
A soldier left this record: "In two days, I got 30 million francs worth of silk, jewelry, porcelain, bronzes and sculptures" and said, "This is like the illusion of marijuana users".
These robbers robbed for 48 hours, and they really took as much as they could, wishing they had more greedy hands. For the invaders, this is a bottomless carnival. According to a report in The Times at that time, the value of property robbed or destroyed was over 6 million pounds. Obviously, this figure is incredible, because many cultural relics are simply impossible to value.
I have to say that the Yuanmingyuan, if it still exists, is definitely a miracle and an unparalleled model in the cultural history of China and foreign countries.