However, judging from the inherent characteristics of jade and the cultural information it carries, in short, we generally call jade articles before the Han Dynasty (including the Han Dynasty) "ancient jade".
Because jade articles before the Han Dynasty were mostly used as ritual vessels, even jade ornaments often had some symbolic etiquette, and their owners were by no means ordinary people. The shape of jade is mysterious and abstract, and it has an indescribable charm. For example, dragons and stingers are not animals in reality, but they look extremely vivid. Therefore, some scholars call the jade age before the Han Dynasty the witch jade age. [Personally, Hongshan and Liangzhu jade articles are witch culture] After the Han Dynasty, jade articles gradually became folk, with realistic modeling and weak swordsmanship, which lost the mystery and made people dull.
Moreover, jade has a characteristic: it will contact other things [or elements] for a long time. Its crimson color is light or deep, or dotted, which can go deep into the bone and even form a shell. The beauty of Qin is unparalleled. Everyone knows that Emperor Qianlong likes jade very much, prefers ancient jade and likes Qin jade best. This can be seen from the fact that Emperor Qianlong ordered craftsmen to dye new jade. The appellations used to describe Qin color are: white is ivory white, snowflake white, red is crane top red, ginseng flower, jujube shell, yellow is pear yellow, okra yellow, purple is tomato skin purple, rose purple, green is parrot green, banana tooth green and so on. Jade is colorful and strange. However, it will take more than one or two thousand years for the profound and colorful Qin colors to be in place.
Third, ancient jade can only be beautiful if it is thoroughly remoulded after playing. Therefore, the process of playing and appreciating from making cheat people to cooking pits is endless. You just have to play with an ancient jade yourself, from her birth [just unearthed] to her birth. You can feel this way! - ! ! !
Therefore, ancient jade lovers must know that there is not much difference in culture and piano color between the old jade articles hundreds of years ago and the new jade articles in modern times. No matter in terms of appreciation, cultural connotation and grade, only jade before the Han Dynasty can be called "ancient jade" [not to say that jade in Qianlong era is not good! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ]
The difference between raw and cooked ancient jade;
The ancient jade in Shengkeng is the ancient jade, which was born without cleaning and sorting. Even if there is dirt, it basically maintains its original appearance.
All the ancient jade that has been cleaned, played with or kept in popular places for a long time has been transferred to cooked pits. Compared with pit cooking, pot cooking ranges from one cooked to nine cooked, which can also be called half cooked or half cooked.
After playing for so many years, the rustic and burial taste are all gone, and the color of the piano is no longer the same. The whole body is beautiful and moist, and looks like a gem (that is, beeswax with gemstone light).
Ancient jade, never buried in the soil, is said to have been handed down from ancient times. Most handed down products will have some cow hair lines and will not be born, so they are not in the topic of this article.
Grain Rain's Board and Non-Board
Playing with ancient jade is generally for lovers.
Playing with ancient jade is a very distinctive phenomenon in jade culture and antique culture. The most basic difference between her and other antiques is that she can give people a message through their senses and touch. For example, an ancient painting, or an ancient bronze ware or porcelain, even if you like it again, you can't play with it in your hand, let alone expect it to become more and more beautiful. Therefore, disk play is a re-creation of ancient jade, which is naturally better. [No objection to other opinions]
Ancient jade can be said to be the only antique category that combines all the main characteristics of antique culture, no matter from any angle of age, taste, appreciation, preservation and popularization.
Jade is also practical. It is not only an ancient tool, but also can be often played in your hand today. It is said that it can also cure diseases. It is of course practical to play with the cure. Playing on the disk can change the ancient jade and make it creative again, which can be said to be a deep-seated cultural phenomenon.
Moreover, whether a piece of ancient jade can be set out is also one of the most important means to judge the authenticity of ancient jade. Usually, in the first few months of serving, the real ancient jade will gradually change a little. The longer the time, the more light there will be, the stronger the texture of jade will be, and the color of sapphire will change, which is a feature that any fake ancient jade does not have.
Therefore, for ordinary lovers, it is hard for jade lovers who have never played with ancient jade to believe that they belong to people who love ancient jade.
Some "experts" who study jade articles say that they never collect jade articles or play with them. In my other posts, there are descriptions of such people. To put it simply, experts from the Palace Museum can't even play with a jade in the court. Maybe they don't have time to play with it, because of what? How nice that he has time to give lectures! Even if you teach others a profession, you will benefit yourself and help your friends buy and sell things! ! ] What's the matter? Probably because the nature of his work doesn't allow it. If he is engaged in archaeology or his work is assigned from above, he doesn't really study jade because of his hobby, and so do the things they come into contact with at work. In this way, this expert who doesn't play with jade has a little insufficient understanding of ancient jade, at least in the deep-seated changes and advocacy methods of ancient jade. Therefore, experts in archaeology are not necessarily experts who know and play with jade.
Of course, there is no need to make a fuss. Since the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, playing with ancient jade is probably not the fashion of the past. Liu Datong, an old man in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a purely reclusive work. From the late Qing Dynasty to the liberation of the mainland, there should not be many people who had the heart to play with ancient jade in troubled times, and then engaged in class struggle and the Cultural Revolution all the way. Who dares to play? It can be accurately said that playing ancient jade in Chinese mainland has been interrupted for at least three hundred and fifty years, so it is not surprising that few people can really play it. Few people can play well, and even fewer can play brilliantly. Now we are lucky enough to play with the good things left by our ancestors again, thanks to today's peaceful and prosperous times and the prosperity of all walks of life.
If the seeder is cleaned and arranged, it will gradually mature and lose its original appearance after being exposed to the public for a long time for the convenience of viewing. If you want to keep the digger, it is best to seal it with a glass cover, without cleaning, with a certain humidity and temperature, and fix it. [It is best to use fishing line]
Under what circumstances do ancient jade need to be preserved?
1. Those unearthed in scientific archaeology have the nature of standard instruments, while others have research value.
Most archaeological excavations of ancient jade can be used as standard dating instruments for all jade handed down from ancient times. Under normal circumstances, the judgment of any ancient jade handed down from generation to generation needs to refer to standard documents as much as possible, regardless of shape, workmanship, material and piano color. Generally speaking, standards will only be owned by state units, and individuals are unlikely to play with them casually, so it is not a big problem to play.
When an ancient jade was born, once it left its original place without scientific records, it became a handed down product of unknown origin. [99/ 100] All the jade articles we hold belong to this kind of artifacts, and the "ancient jade" mentioned here generally refers to this kind of artifacts. Except for a few with inheritance records, this kind of ancient jade, especially prehistoric, has almost completely lost its research value. Anyway, no scholar would be stupid enough to send academic reports with cultural relics of unknown origin. Even if some have made some kind of appraisal, there will certainly be no department that can require it to be a standard instrument, and the people will never tire of it. Of course, the value of these objects is far from that of standard instruments.
However, one of the reasons for the chaos in the ancient jade market at present is the lack of strict and accurate appraisal standards, which may be true. When considering the macroscopic study of the system, experts should also pay attention to the establishment of a microscopic appraisal system, such as the manual features of past dynasties (which can be observed with magnification of 10-50- 100 times) to make obvious differences. Even the special rules that will appear in the process of playing can be used as recognition conditions.
In fact, it will be very helpful to advocate how to distinguish jade from jade as long as some standard devices are selected and the changes are made public.
2. I thought the digger sold well.
It is of course good to want to sell more money, but anyone who has seen the ancient jade in the cooked pit knows that the value is much higher than that of the raw one. It is no exaggeration to say that if you can play with an ancient jade for several years, you may not be willing to sell it if others pay ten times the price. Love jade and business are two different things. If you love jade and really appreciate it, it will not only be pleasing to the eye, but also appreciate the connotation that "a gentleman is better than jade", so that you can see the joy of life. Only businessmen or counterfeiters are considering whether it is good to sell.
3, playing too much time is still reserved for future generations to play.
Selection of Shengkeng Ancient Jade
Generally speaking, it is easier to identify ancient jade in cooked pits than ancient jade in raw pits, but it is necessary to identify ancient jade in raw pits first, which is of course the basis of playing ancient jade.
The identification of ancient jade is usually judged comprehensively from the aspects of shape, jade material, workmanship, Qin color and patina. If there are any unnatural or false signs, you need to be extra careful.
Looking at jade articles since the Tang Dynasty, the main purpose is to distinguish whether they are Hetian jade products, the quality and workmanship of jade. All jades made of handmade thallium and hetian jade have high collection value. The identification of hetian jade will not be mentioned here. In terms of workmanship, good jade usually has good workmanship. In other words, good jade is definitely good, especially in Qianlong period. But it is necessary to distinguish whether the color of the belt is dark blue, true dyed or original leather.
At present, Hetian jade is regarded as "real jade" in the research, and it is marked by Hetian jade unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb in Shang Dynasty, so jade culture has entered the era of real jade. The identified Hetian jade products came from Banpo site of Yangshao culture more than 6000 years ago. Jade culture has a history of about 10 thousand years, which is thousands of years different from the time when women were good. Of course, there will be many products of Hetian jade, but a large part of them are other jade materials. Prehistoric relics are difficult to determine because there are few standard devices to compare. Jade materials are quite complicated, and some materials don't even know where they came from.
So when playing with ancient jade, we usually don't pay special attention to the material of prehistoric jade. If the jade material is Hetian jade or the hardness is greater than 6 degrees, the collection value will be higher, because except for crystal agate and some seasonal jade, most jade materials with hardness higher than 6 degrees are tremolite, which is better than actinolite and serpentine, such as most jade materials in Liangzhu culture.
Of course, no matter what kind of jade it is, prehistoric ancient jade will become beautiful after playing with it, but ancient and jade are the most important. Although ancient agate and ancient crystal are extremely difficult to shine, they will become very moist and lovely after the plate.
It is not difficult to identify the workmanship of ancient jade from Shang Dynasty to Han Dynasty. You only need to observe some authentic products to understand that the ancient jade-making methods such as hairspring carving can't be imitated by anyone, and even the neat lines of double hooks and the simplicity and sharpness of Han Ba Dao can't be compared by later generations, just as the jade articles of later generations can't make prehistoric mysteries.
For example, the prehistoric Liangzhu jade is mostly made of a kind of sapphire, of unknown origin, relatively hard, about 5-6 degrees, often with yellow and white spots. The intaglio lines above are mostly intermittent knife method, and the curved parts are mostly continuous knife jumping method. In particular, the curve is composed of short oblique thin lines, and the density of thin lines is difficult to see with naked eyes, generally within 1 mm, and at least 3-4 lines; There are as many as 6-7 pieces, and this incredible superb craftsmanship can only be lamented by craftsmen when they were in Qianlong. Whether there is such handwork has become one of the important methods to distinguish the authenticity of Liangzhu jade. At best, the fake looks just a shape. Even with today's high-tech means and a lot of work, it is impossible to portray it completely and realistically. [Today's high imitation will show its original shape under a 40-fold magnifying glass. ]
It is difficult to determine the craftsmanship of some prehistoric artifacts. Hongshan and Liangzhu need to carefully check whether there are traces of mechanical processing, but even if they can't see the mechanic, they can't judge by this.
The modeling of ancient jade mainly refers to the shape of jade and the idea of making it. Due to the cultural background and the use level of tools, jade articles of various shapes in different periods have their own characteristics, so we can judge the approximate age of a jade article. The determination of the types of each period mainly depends on the unearthed standard utensils, and this part of the utensils recently published has made a good summary.
To distinguish ancient jade by type, you need to be familiar with the unearthed standard instruments, which is a basic skill that jade players can hardly practice. It is hard to say that standard instruments are generally monopolized by the state. Ordinary enthusiasts just look at pictures and read books, but they can't get started, and they can't observe carefully, which is much worse than some experts. Therefore, it is understandable that some experts are better.
At present, patterns are the most useful means for counterfeiters to disrupt the market, because the appearance and shape of most jade articles are not difficult to imitate. In order to make a profit, counterfeiters generally imitate ready-made goods in batches and sell them well, and even make a single odd shape when the price of a certain kind of jade is high. It requires rich knowledge and experience to distinguish between true and false by looking at the charm of shapes or utensils, and it is not possible to distinguish between true and false only from appearance.
In the late 1970s and 1980s, some jade articles with unprecedented shapes were unearthed in Hongshan and other places in western Liaoning. In the middle and early 1990s, a large number of ancient jade in various shapes appeared on the market, some of which seemed to be something that could not be faked. Therefore, it is difficult to compare with standard instruments; Or the so-called grotesque cultural relics in Hongshan Culture are quite a headache. When few people collect it, this kind of jade will be scattered everywhere.
The objective attitude towards such things should be distinguished. The things in Hongshan site can't be said to be of all types and the highest level at that time, and there are still many archaeological gaps in various areas around it for thousands of years. Between the culture of Hongshan Culture and Liangzhu and Shang Dynasty, the types of jade articles are still vague. Even in the Shang Dynasty, what we can see is only the tombs of good women, but we don't know anything with higher specifications, such as the jade articles of the Shang King and their sacrifices.
The ancients in Hongshan Culture managed jade articles, which can not only carve lines to reduce the land but also raise the sun, but also carve large circles. The ancients of Liangzhu culture are even more incredible. This period is two or three thousand years away from the middle of Shang Dynasty. So, who can tell what kind of jade articles the typical patterns of Liangzhu culture will be engraved on? Who can say that the ancients won't have a lot of creation in this period?
It should be noted that a new phenomenon is that after 1992, there was a building boom in China, which was different from the previous building methods; Unprecedented large-scale excavations are still carried out in urban and rural areas where human beings have lived for a long time. There is no doubt that a considerable number of scattered cultural relics will be born, and prehistoric jade articles buried deep underground should account for the majority. Of course, this figure cannot be counted, but it should not be exaggerated to say that there are tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of construction sites in China.
The occurrence of this phenomenon happened to meet the peak of Hongshan artifacts entering the market for the first time and fake jade. A kind of thing that is difficult to prove, tens of thousands of pieces flow in the antique market, and a large number of fakes are mixed in it. It is conceivable that it has caused chaos, and even the National Palace Museum in Taipei is not immune. Faced with such a situation, the public's understanding of ancient jade is very weak, and experts are almost helpless. Some people deny it at a respectful distance from others, and some people refuse it because it does not conform to the standard instruments, which leads to a sharp decline in the ancient jade market.
In fact, there are hundreds of thousands of antiques of a certain kind, which is not a large number, and 100 thousand pieces are only one in ten thousand for a billion people. It is not difficult to classify and classify things that may be genuine and of unknown origin. Leaving them to their own devices will only be a disaster for cultural relics.
Classification can make genuine products market-oriented. For example, those officially unearthed are Class A, those with inheritance records are Class B, those similar to the standard products are Class C, those different from the standard products but with the characteristics of genuine products are Class D, and even those that have been generally recognized can be classified as Class E, and all kinds can be subdivided into different levels. Ancient jade has different characteristics from other types of antiques and needs different methods to treat it differently. With the wisdom of China people, this little thing should not be too difficult.
At present, it is not difficult to buy real ancient jade at low prices from various markets. However, since the modeling, workmanship, jade material and piano color are difficult to grasp, how can ordinary players who only use conventional means identify the ancient jade in the pit? In addition to watching and comparing, players work hard. The suggestion here is that we can start from the places where counterfeiters are difficult or unable to do it, and the comprehensive application methods are as follows:
1. From the workmanship point of view, the genuine products are generally smooth and smooth without jumping cracks, and there should be many very fine thallium traces on the carving and finishing. Especially the shape is more complicated; It is difficult for counterfeiters to tamper with more cultural relics.
Players need to know that hand-made jade processing has been lost in China for about half a century. This technology can't be tempered overnight, especially superb. It needs uninterrupted inheritance to achieve, and once it is lost, it cannot be restored. For example, Liangzhu workers, Han workers and Qianlong workers, no matter how elaborate, are beyond the reach of later craftsmen. Even an old jade worker, it is not easy to rest for a few years before working. We don't need to take mechanics seriously. Generally, fakes are rough, and some high imitations are flawed. This requires careful observation to distinguish the characteristics of manual workers and mechanical workers. Genuine products will also have individual jumpers, because jadeite is different from dry, old and fresh, and its workmanship is poor. When sand is used improperly or carelessly, even the tender jade will jump.
2. The patina of Qin color is natural, from the outside to the inside. It is a multi-color mixture, the color is tender or bright, or it is skin-like. For example, Qin color is as bright yellow as osmanthus, as oily green as parrot feathers, and the skin is as real as jujube skin and tomato skin.
Dyeing is easy to be beautiful, and coloring is easy to peel.
3, with spots and gray, no fake can have this feature.
4. Gemstone lamp with flying wing ... No one can do it yet.
Most of Liangzhu jades with pits have white or yellow spots. This kind of light and "flying wing" are relatively rare in general pit-makers, especially in pit-making and ancient jade fields, which will gradually appear only after playing with them, and are one of the effective means to identify real ancient jade.
5. There are small pits that are eaten by insects, with irregular shapes, small outside and large inside. With a high magnification magnifying glass, you can see that the cave wall is fibrous. This is something that only happens in special circumstances for more than 1000 years, which is rare. This kind of hole is extremely difficult to drill by high-tech means.
6, there are cracks, lines have a head and no tail, and lines will collapse.
Most of the cracks in ancient jade are formed by extremely slow pressure and erosion, so the surface of jade is often cracked in the middle, but the cracks are less than two ends. Or the cracks are quite large from the side, but the two ends are not completely cracked, and the cracks with cracks will also collapse due to natural erosion. Making them by hand is extremely difficult.
In fact, any expression of genuine products is different from that of shanzhai. Distinguishing authenticity requires a lot of practice to master jadeite, and then comprehensive application of other knowledge can be effective. Any so-called methods and means can not be used as the final basis.
After comprehensive judgment, it is certainly better to have a model comparable to the standard instrument. For those like prehistoric ancient jade, which have genuine features, we can also ignore their models first. It will be worth the money to play with the disk for the final identification.
The method of dish jade
Pan jade is often rubbed by hand, and ancient jade will become beautiful over time. The basic method is:
One: Boil it in water first. After the digger is cleaned, it can be cleaned with a little washing. Boil it with clear water for 30 minutes, and then it can be eaten. [naturally cooled to room temperature] 100℃ boiling water has no effect on the properties of jade. Some soil moisture of ancient jade can be extracted, but it can't be cooked with copper mud.
Second: rub it often. There is a difference between fast food and slow food. It will take 20-70 years for a digger to be released. Don't be impatient. If you want to release it quickly, you can rub it intermittently for 1-3 hours every day, and small pieces can be worn often. The dog days in summer have the best effect. At first, the total time of cooking is one hour a day, about 5 minutes each time. Your fingers can't stand it. Just add more time every day in the future]
Third: avoid oil. Jade is a taboo for any oil and chemicals. Be sure to wash your hands when serving, and don't rub them on your face or head. Of course, it is also possible to wear them close to the body.
Fourth, it is normal for the dish to appear spots for a period of time, which is also a phenomenon of real ancient jade, but it will not be fake.
There is also a method of removing ash from plate jade, which can be mixed with wheat bran or even mechanically. It's not worth advocating, but it's ok to do some rubbing on pure cotton cloth.
Generally, the effect is still remarkable in the first few months of the dish, and then it will become slow. When the ancient jade doesn't smell like rust or change color, it becomes very moist and beautiful, and its texture is like beeswax, so it can be used for dishes. In short, the more beautiful the ancient jade you can play, the more it must be true.
With regard to gemstone light, it is a strange phenomenon that jade is buried for thousands of years after being processed into objects. After being played with, jade that does not reflect flash will not only nourish beauty, but also change color. Some parts will reflect gemstone light, making ancient jade as beautiful as a gem, while ancient Hetian jade is the most beautiful. Generally, gemstones come out gradually after playing a game. A person who digs a hole will have several reflected flashes after playing the disk. The longer the disk is played, the more flashes there will be. Some people call this kind of light "flying wings" to describe its visual feeling, because many times it is very soft, as beautiful as extremely thin velvet, while others are as bright as diamonds. Usually reflects white light, but also has red and yellow colors. There are even rare green lights and golden lights. Some jadeites gather several kinds of light, such as the so-called "five-color jadeite", which may be like this after playing, and it is very ornamental. No wonder there was a saying in ancient times that "five-colored jade is worth a hundred thousand gold". In this way, it is more clear that an emerald can only be pleasing to the eye, and beautiful jade can be pleasing to the eye-it is by no means empty talk.
Few ancient jade articles in Ming and Qing dynasties can show gems, which shows that it is related to the time when jade articles have been buried with the human body. A jade that has never been buried with the human body cannot show gems. It can be seen that the color change of gemstone is a natural jade material, which is a unique phenomenon after being processed and buried for a long time. Its essence is probably the product of the interaction between the essence of heaven and earth and human beings, or a chemical reaction, which is extremely special and interesting. This kind of fun is not only our goal, but also the last foolproof means to distinguish the authenticity of ancient jade.
It is more appropriate to call this kind of light "gem light". What needs to be clearly distinguished is the difference between the words "light of glass" and "light of gem". Some people call the jade surface as bright as a mirror (especially the jade from Warring States to Han Dynasty) "glazed jade", while others call it "polished jade in Qing Dynasty", which is of course good. For example, it is intuitive to observe the glazed surface and fragments at close range.
Fake antique jade, because the material is relatively new, and high temperature and strong corrosion are often used, the properties of jade are damaged to a certain extent, and it can not be more beautiful through disk play, let alone become gem-like. Fake jade, like a plate, looks greasy and dirty, like frying cypress trees overnight, which may also bring bad luck and damage health. The real ancient jade is clean no matter how it is bitten by Qin or eroded by sand, or often played with.
Some stones come out with light, such as some granite. But after a long time, not only ancient jade, but also some processed stones have light, probably because they are often popular, such as the stone drums in the Qing Dynasty in the Confucius Temple and the white marble guardrail in the corridor of the Forbidden City. But the light on these objects is hard to compare with the wonderful gem light on ancient Hetian jade. There are some fake quartzite products, which have some flashes in themselves, but they are not made out. The light color is hard and dazzling, and the distribution is relatively uniform.
Yu Fu in the photo has been playing for a long time. It used to be dark blue and black, but now it is black and red, and it is covered with gem light, like the emblem of the original "August 1" film studio at the beginning of the film.
There are situations when playing, and most of them are like this:
1, the harder the jade is, the harder it is to get out. Crystal agate is the hardest gem to shine, except jade. But as long as it is a real ancient jade, it can be released.
2, chicken bone white/snowflake white is easier to serve and will turn yellow-red or black-gray, prehistoric shells and Liangzhu are easy to serve.
3. Hetian jade with strong glass luster is difficult to produce gem light.
4. It is normal to rub out mud in the process of cooking, which will appear after a long time.
5. Even if you play for a long time, the phenomenon of jade ash will last for a long time.
6. Hetian jade is quite hard, and the sharp ancient jade of the Han Dynasty will remain sharp for a long time.
7. Brushing jade with brown hair or a brush of any material can't be called a plate, let alone replace playing with hands. People can exchange information only when they contact jade.
There must be rewards for playing ancient jade. I believe that ancient jade is really spiritual. Find the feeling from playing with jade! ! ! !