The Battle of Makino (with different years, from 1 130 BC to10/8 BC), also known as "King Wu's Conquest", was a decisive battle between Zhou Wuwang's allied forces and commercial troops in Mu Ye (now south of Qixian County and north of Weihe River in Henan Province).
War process
BC 1050, Zhou Wenwang Ji Chang died of illness, and his son Ji Fa succeeded to the throne, namely Zhou Wuwang. 1048, two years before the battle of Makino, Zhou Wuwang once watched soldiers in Jin Meng (now Mengjin County, Henan Province).
65438 BC+0046 BC 65438 BC+10/October 26th (adopting the viewpoint of "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project"), Zhou Wuwang personally led 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors (elite soldiers) and tens of thousands of infantry to send troops to the Eastern Expedition. On February 2 1 day of the same year, Zhou Jun arrived and joined forces with the tribes of Yong, Lu, Peng, Pu, Shu, Qiang, Wei and Xun. The total number of allied troops reached 45,000. On February 26th, the Allies continued eastward in the rain. After crossing the Yellow River from Bidi (now Sishui Town, Xingyang City, Henan Province), it went all the way up to Baiquan (now northwest of huixian city City, Henan Province) and turned eastward. On the morning of 27th, Zhou Wuwang solemnly swore to recount the atrocities committed by Angel, which is the "pastoral oath" recorded in Shangshu.
At dawn on the 28th, the Allies entered Konoha. The Book of Songs records: "Konoha is full of glory, but its dimension is soaring. Cool the king of Wu, cut the big business, and the period will be clear. "
Angel was shocked to hear that he was coming, so the main force of the Shang army was far away in the southeast, so it was impossible to call troops immediately, so he had to quickly arm a large number of slaves and prisoners of war, together with the troops guarding the capital, to fight in Konoha. According to Historical Records, the total number of troops sent by Di Xin was 700,000, while other documents recorded it as170,000. "The Book of Songs Daming" says: "A trip to the Shang Dynasty must be like a forest."
"Yi Zhou Shu Yin Ke" records that Zhou Jun led hundreds of elite soldiers to challenge, deter the Shang army and disrupt the formation, and then Zhou Wuwang personally led the main force to follow up and kill, completely disrupting the formation of the other side. The slaves and prisoners of war in the Shang army had no fighting spirit and defected one after another, and the Shang army soon collapsed. Seeing that the tide was over, Angel returned to Chao Ge and boarded Lutai. He was "bejeweled and died of self-immolation", and the Shang Dynasty officially perished. When Zhou Wuwang arrived at Lutai, he hit Angel's body with "Guanglu", personally cut off his head and hung a flag.
War result
According to Yi Zhou Shu Tian Xia Prison, Zhou Wuwang won a great victory in the battle of Makino, killing merchants 1 80,000, capturing 330,000 prisoners, hunting tigers, bears, rhinoceroses, deer and other animals110,000, and plundering a large number of jewels and property, with jade articles alone reaching180,000. Subsequently, the allied soldiers divided into four roads and headed southeast, conquering loyal merchant princes everywhere, expelling the merchant general Fei Lian and killing him.
However, the battle of Makino did not completely destroy the Shang Dynasty. As a continuation of Shang Dynasty, a part of the original territory of Shang Dynasty was taken as the fief of Wu Geng, the son of Angel, and the Yin State was established. After Zhou Wuwang's death, Wu Geng, together with Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Huo Shu of Zhou, launched the "Three Prisons Rebellion", which was finally pacified by Zhou Gongdan and Zhou Chengwang, and the remnants of Shang Dynasty were completely eliminated.
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2. Battle of the White Pony
The Battle of Baiju was a large-scale and far-reaching war at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, which was called "the First Eastern Zhou War" by historians.
War process
In 507 BC, Cai Zhaohou and Tang Chenggong betrayed the State of Chu in retaliation for the blackmail and three-year detention of Yin Zichang (Bow Wow) of Chu, and made an alliance with Jin and Wu, which made the northern part of Chu lose its barrier.
In the spring of 506 BC, the governors of Jin, Qi, Lu, Song, Cai, Wei, Chen, Zheng, Xu, Cao, Ju, Zhu, Dun, Hu, Teng, Xue, Qi and six countries joined forces in Zhaoling (now Henan) at the invitation.
In April of the same year, the State of Jin ordered Cai to send troops to attack and destroy the vassal Shen Guo of Chu. In autumn of the same year, Chu sent troops to besiege Cai. Wu Junchen thought it was time to attack Chu with all his strength, and decided to bypass Dabie Mountain by Huai Road in the name of saving Cai, and then penetrate into Chu territory from the northeast where Chu's defense was weak to attack Chu.
In the winter of 506 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, led his brother-in-law Wu Zixu, Sun Wu and others, and sent troops from all over the country to the west to return to Huai River. Come to Dengzhou, a strategic place, and leave the boat ashore in Huailing (now Huangchuan County, Henan Province, Fengtai County, Anhui Province). Guided by Cai and Tang Jun, with 3,500 elite soldiers as pioneers, we crossed the North Chu Tunnel, Zhiyuan and Minger Pass (all south of Xinyang City, Henan Province, at the junction of Henan and Hubei provinces), went straight to Hanshui River, went deep into the hinterland of Chu, and reached a strategic surprise attack on Chu. Chu didn't expect Wu Jun to make such a circuitous attack. He sent Ling Zichang, Sajima Shen Yinxu, Dr. Wu Chenghei and Dr. Shi Huang to the west bank of Hanshui River for protection, in case Wu Jun crossed the Hanshui River and attacked Chu.
When the two armies of Wu Chu confronted each other in the Hanshui River, Shen Yinxu was easily divided by Wu Jun, and it was difficult to prevent Wu Jun from breaking through the Hanshui River defense line. In view of Wu Jun's weakness of being alone and not occupying land, he advocated giving full play to the advantage of Chu's large numbers of soldiers, and turning passivity into initiative: Lingyin Zi often relied on the barrier of the Han River to deal with Wu Jun, actively contained Wu Jun, and mobilized Chu troops from Fangcheng (now) to the Great Wall in the northeast and southeast of Biyang County, detoured to Wu Jun, destroyed Wu's ship, blocked the three passes, cut off his retreat, and then attacked Chang Jun from front to back to annihilate Wu Jun.
When Shen Yinxu rushed to Fangcheng to transfer troops, the black doctor in Wucheng thought that the Chu army was not suitable for a protracted war and advocated a quick victory. Dr. Shi Huang also catered to Chang Chang's greedy heart and encouraged him to fight quickly. Zi often listened to the second doctor's words, misjudged the battlefield situation, and thought that Wu Jun could be defeated by himself, so he changed the plan of attacking Wu Jun agreed with Shen Yinxu. Before Shen Yinxu's army arrived, he led the army across the Hanshui River to attack Wu Jun without authorization.
Wu Junchen learned about the attack plan of the Chu army and saw that Changjun was crossing the river to attack. In order to avoid being caught between Scylla and Charybdis, he changed his plan to fight the Chu army in the hinterland of Jiang and Han, retreated from the east bank of Hanshui and mobilized the Chu army in unfavorable terrain. Zi often mistakenly thinks that Wu Jun is afraid of Chu and retreats, so he pursues the victory and wants to win it quickly. Between Xiaobie (mountain name, now Dabie Mountain in Huanggang, Hubei Province) and Dabie Mountain (now Dabie Mountain in Hubei Province), the Chu army was frustrated for three consecutive wars, and its vigor was greatly reduced. Zi often wanted to abandon the army and flee for life, but was accused by the emperor Shi, so he had to endure the pain and continue fighting.
Wu Jun stopped retreating and confronted the Chu army in Baiju on June 165438+ 10/8. Husband believes that we should strike first, defeat Chang Jun first, and then the army behind us will surely defeat the Chu army. He Lu, considering the stakes in the battle, tried to be foolproof and disagreed with her husband's general opinion. My husband will play it by ear and lead his 5000 people to storm the headquarters. Long County is on the verge of collapse, and Chu Jun is in chaos. He Lu saw that his assault was successful and immediately launched an all-out attack. Zi often abandoned the army and fled to Zheng. Steve and his men died in battle, and the Chu army was defeated.
The remnants of the Chu army who lost their coach fled to the west, and Wu Jun pursued them until Qingfashui (now Laishui, Anlu City, Hubei Province) caught up with the Chu army. He Lv wanted to attack at once, and he almost thought that he could win by taking advantage of his half-crossing. Chu Jun saw that Wu Jun was chasing after him. He didn't attack and was anxious to survive, so he hurried across the river. On the way, He Lv attacked and destroyed another Chu army. Wu Jun accelerated the pursuit, so that the Chu army was boiled in the rout.
Catch up with Yongkui (now southwest of jingshan county, Hubei Province) and meet the army of Shen Yinxu (now southwest of Xixian County, Henan Province). Shen Yinxu led the army to fight hard. Although almost defeated Fu, but still surrounded by Wu Jun, ChuJun failed to break through. Seeing that he couldn't win, Shen Yinxu ordered his men to cut off their heads. The Chu army lost its coach and fled in panic.
Since then, Wu Jun has defeated the Chu army in five consecutive wars. Knowing that the front line was defeated, King Zhao of Chu fled with his family, regardless of the opposition of his ministers and sons. When the Chu army learned that King Zhao had escaped, the whole army was scattered. In the early stage, he led the troops to protect the king of Chu, while in the west, he led the troops to flee to the west. On October 29th, 506 BC/KLOC-0, Wu Jun invaded Chu Du Ying (now the north of Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province).
The Battle of Baiju was a war fought by Wu Chu in Baiju (now Macheng City, Hubei Province) in 506 BC (14th week). In this battle, Wu defeated many with few. "Historical Records, Sun Tzu's Art of War and Biography of Wu Qi" records: "(Wu) broke the west and strengthened Chu, and entered Ying; Pei Weiqi, Jin, famous minister, grandchildren, powerful! "
War result
The Battle of Baiju was a large-scale and far-reaching war at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Historians call it "the First Eastern Zhou War" (Fan Wenlan's A Brief History of China).
After six years of "exhausted Chu" strategy, Wu defeated the powerful enemy Chu in one fell swoop, which caused great trauma to Chu, greatly boosted Wu's prestige, and laid a solid foundation for Wu to further strive for hegemony in the Central Plains.
In the battle of Bai Juyi, Sun Wu defeated the Chu army by 200,000 with 30,000 soldiers, creating a famous example in the history of China War. Wei Liaozi, a strategist in the Warring States Period, once praised: "There are 30,000 people, but who is the best in the world?" Wu Yuezi also ".
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3. Battle of Julu
The Battle of Julu was a major decisive battle in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei Province) led by Xiang Yu and more than 400,000 main forces led by Qin generals Zhang Han and Wang Li in the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty. This is also one of the famous battles in the history of China. Xiang Yu's army crossed the rubicon and defeated 200,000 Qin Jun, causing heavy losses to Qin Jun and forcing 200,000 Qin Jun to surrender soon. Xiang Yu established his leading position in the uprising troops. After this war, the Qin Dynasty existed in name only.
War process
In February, 65438+2007, Xiang Yu led the Chu army to Zhangshui in the south of Julu County, and immediately sent Ying Bu and General Pu to lead twenty thousand rebel troops to cross Zhangshui to save Julu, winning the first battle. Then, Xiang Yu led the whole army through Zhangshui and ordered the whole army to cross the rubicon and bring only three rations to show their determination to die if they failed. He went straight to Julu in lightning speed, cut off the route for providing foodstuff in Qin Jun, and surrounded the king from the army. Xiang Yu's determination and courage greatly inspired the soldiers. The Chu army surrounded Wang Li's army, and the morale was high, and the Vietnam War became more and more brave. One person is worth ten feet, and ten people are worth a hundred people. After nine fierce battles, Wang Li was captured alive and Qin Jiang Su Jiao was killed. Some other Qin Jun soldiers were killed and some escaped, so Qin Jun, which surrounded the giant deer, collapsed.
War result
The Battle of Julu was a great victory in the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty. Basically eliminated Qin Jun's main force, reversed the whole war situation, and laid the foundation for the victory of the anti-Qin struggle. Xiang Yu broke 100 thousand with 60 thousand. Such a wide gap has made the world full of curiosity and admiration for him after countless years.
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4. Battle of Guandu
The battle of Guandu was one of the "three major battles" in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was also one of the famous battles in the history of China. In the fifth year (200 years) of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao and Yuan were at loggerheads in Guandu (now northeast of Zhongmou, Henan), where they launched a strategic decisive battle. Cao Cao raided Yuan Jun's granary in Wu Chao (now Fengqiu West, Henan Province), and then defeated Yuan Jun's main force. This battle laid the foundation for Cao Cao's unification of northern China.
War process
In the third year of Jian 'an (198), Yuan Shao defeated Gongsun Zan and occupied the land of Qing, You, Ji and Sizhou. In the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Guandu's war map exercise brought Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to Xu County, forming a situation of "relying on the emperor to make the princes" and gaining political advantages.
In the spring of the second year of Jian 'an (197), Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Cao Cao attacked and destroyed Yuan Shu in the name of "Feng Zhao can't be a minister". Then, he destroyed Lu Bu and took advantage of Zhang Yang's internal struggle to gain Hanoi County. From then on, Cao Cao's influence reached Guanzhong in the west and Yanzhou, Henan and Xuzhou in the east, controlling most of the areas south of the Yellow River and north of Huai Han, thus forming a confrontation with Yuan Shao in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Yuan Shao's forces far exceeded those of Cao Cao at that time. In June of the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Yuan Shao selected 65,438+10,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 war horses in an attempt to attack Xudu South, and the battle of Guandu began.
The news of Yuan Shaoju's troops going south reached Xudu, and Cao Cao thought that Yuan Jun was extremely powerful and invincible. However, according to his understanding of Yuan Shao, Cao Cao thought Yuan Shao was ambitious, lacking in courage, despicable and ungrateful, headstrong, too many soldiers to command clearly, and he would be arrogant and have different orders, so he decided to confront Yuan Shao's attack with tens of thousands of troops he could concentrate.
In order to gain the strategic initiative, he made the following arrangements: sending and leading elite troops from Langya (now north of Linyi, Shandong Province) to Qingzhou, occupying Qi (now Linzi, Shandong Province), Beihai (now Changle, Shandong Province), Dong 'an (now Yishui County, Shandong Province) and other places to contain Yuan Shao, consolidate the right wing and prevent attacking Xudu from the east; Cao Cao led his troops into Liyang, Jizhou (now east of Xunxian County, Henan Province, on the north bank of the Yellow River), and ordered him to ride two thousand men to guard the important ferry on the south bank of the Yellow River (now north of Henan Province), assist the prefect of Dongjun to guard Baima (now east of Huaxian County, Henan Province, south bank of the Yellow River), prevent Yuan Jun from crossing the river, and at the same time set up a base in Guandu (now northeast of Zhongmou, Henan Province) to stop Yuan Shao. Send someone to subdue Guanzhong, take Liangzhou and stabilize the flank. Judging from the above arrangements, Cao Cao's strategic policy is not to divide his troops to defend the south bank of the Yellow River, but to concentrate his forces, guard key passes and focus on fortifications for the enemy.
In December of the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), when Cao Cao was making plans to crusade against Yuan Shao, Liu Bei set out to crusade against Cao Cao, occupied Xiapi and moved his capital to Peixian County (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province). Increase to tens of thousands of people, and contact Yuan Shao, intending to jointly attack Cao. In order to keep Xuchang in touch with the Qing and Yan States and avoid fighting on both sides, Cao Cao personally led a good soldier to crusade against Liu Bei in February of the following year, quickly occupied Pei County, turned to Xiapi and forced Guan Yu to land. Liu Bei was wiped out and fled to Hebei alone to go to Yuan Shao. When Cao and Liu were fighting fiercely, Tian Feng, Yuan Shao's counselor, suggested that Yuan Shao "lead the army to attack the rear", but Yuan Shao refused to adopt it on the grounds that his youngest son was ill, which led Cao Cao to defeat Liu Bei calmly and return to Guandu.
In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Yuan Shao sent Chen Lin to write a campaign and published it, in which Cao Cao was cursed. In February, he marched into Liyang, attempted to cross the river, and sought a decisive battle with the main force of Jun. First, he sent Yan Liang to attack Ada, the satrap of Baima East County, in an attempt to seize the south bank of the Yellow River to ensure that the main force crossed the river. In April, in order to take the initiative, Cao Cao won the first battle and personally led the troops to the north to rescue the white horse. At this time, Xun You, the counselor, thought that Yuan Shaobing had more troops, and suggested a diversion to disperse his troops. First, lead troops to Yanjin, cross the river in disguise, attack Yuan Shaobing's rear, make Yuan Shaobing divide his forces to the west, and then send Qingqi to attack Yuan Jun, who is attacking Baima. By surprise, Yan Liang will be defeated. Cao Cao adopted this suggestion, and Yuan Shao was sure to divide his troops and delay Tianjin. Cao Cao took the opportunity to lead a Qingqi and sent Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers, eager for a white horse. Guan Yu quickly approached Liang Jun, rushed into the army, killed Yan Liang and beheaded him. Yuan Jun was defeated.
After Cao Cao solved the siege of Baima, the people who migrated to Baima retreated westward along the Yellow River. Yuan Shao led the army to cross the river in pursuit, and the army went south to Yanjin, and sent generals Wen Chou and Liu Bei to continue to lead the troops in pursuit of Jun. At that time, Cao Cao had only 600 cavalry, stationed under Nansakan (Baima South), while Yuan Junda rode five or six thousand, followed by infantry. Cao Cao ordered the soldiers to untie their saddles and release their horses, deliberately leaving the trench by the roadside. As soon as Yuan Jun saw the recruits, he began to fight for property. Cao Cao suddenly attacked, finally defeated Yuan Jun, killed Wen Chou (died by mutinous soldiers, not by Guan Yu), and returned to Guandu smoothly.
Yuan Jun lost the first battle, but his troops still had the upper hand. In July, he marched into Wu Yang (now Zhongmou North, Henan Province) and prepared to attack Xu Changnan. In August, Yuan Jun's main force approached Guandu, and camped in the sand pile, which was about dozens of miles wide from east to west. Cao Cao also camped and confronted Yuan Jun .. In September, Cao Jun once attacked, failed to win, and returned to the camp to hold on. Yuan Shao built a tower and a mountain, and hit Cao Ying with an arrow. According to counselor Liu, a lightning car with a riprap device was built and the new building was destroyed. Yuan Jun dug a tunnel to attack again, and Cao Jun also dug a long trench in the camp to resist, crushing Yuan Jun's plan.
After three months of stalemate between the two sides, Cao Cao almost lost the confidence to persist, because of the difficult external environment, the lack of food in the front serenade, the fatigue of the foot soldiers and the instability in the rear. Yu Xun gave Cao Cao determination, so that Cao Cao persisted in the crisis and strengthened his defense. Ren Jun, who is in charge of logistics supply, was ordered to take the 10 road column as one, shorten the distance between the front and rear of the motorcade, and use multiple arrays (two arrays) to strengthen the escort to prevent Yuan Jun from attacking; On the other hand, they actively searched for and captured fighter planes, defeated Yuan Jun, and soon sent Coss and Shi Huan to intercept and burn thousands of grain wagons in Yuan Jun, which increased the supply difficulties of Yuan Jun.
In October of the same year, Yuan Shao sent a car to transport grain, and Chunyu Qiong led the troops with 10,000 escorts, and they were stationed in the old city (in Jinxian, Cao Cao Henan) and Wu Chao (now Henan plays Southeast Jin), about 20 kilometers north of Yuan Jun Daying. Just then, Yuan Shao's counselor Xu You defected to Cao Cao and suggested that Cao Cao go into battle lightly, raid the lair and burn its trench. Cao Cao immediately put it into practice, leaving Cao Hong and Xun You to guard the camp, personally leading the troops to ride 5,000, falsely using the banner, and people tied their horses to shut up, each with a pile of firewood, and attacked Wu's lair in the dark. Upon arrival, they immediately surrounded and set fire to it. When Yuan Shao learned that Cao Cao had attacked the Wu Dynasty, he only sent light cavalry to rescue him, while the main force stormed the camp in Cao Jun. But Cao Cao is too strong to attack. When Jun rushed to Wu Chao Chunyu Qiong Barracks, Yuan Shao's reinforcements were approaching. Cao fought to the death, defeated and killed Chunyu Qiong, and burned all his provisions. The front line in Yuan Jun heard that the Wu Dynasty was broken, which caused the morale of the army to be shaken, the internal division and the army to collapse. Yuan Shao hurried back to Hebei with 800 riders, and Cao Jun successively annihilated and killed more than 70,000 Yuan Jun.
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5. Battle of Red Cliffs
Battle of Red Cliffs refers to the famous battle in which Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's army in Chibi of the Yangtze River (now northwest of Chibi, Hubei Province) in the 13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, laying the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. The date of the war was July 2008 12. This is one of the famous examples in history.
War process
There are many well-known classic details before and after Battle of Red Cliffs. Here, I only pick the section "Burning Red Cliff"-
In December, Zhou Yu led an army to meet Liu Bei at Fankou. The two armies went against the current to Chibi and met Cao Jun who was crossing the river. At that time, Cao Jun had been affected by the plague, but it was difficult for the new water army to run in with the newly attached Jingzhou water army, and the morale was obviously insufficient, so Zhou Yu's water army defeated him in the first battle. Cao Cao had to "lead the water army to the north of the Yangtze River" to join the army, lean the warship to the Wulin side on the north shore, practice the water army, and wait for the opportunity. Zhou Yu docked the warship at Chibi on the south bank, facing Cao Jun across the river.
At that time, Cao Cao was not used to the northern foot soldiers taking a boat, so he connected the boat end to end, and both men and women were on board. Zhou Yu suggested to Huang Gai: "Today, being outnumbered, it is difficult to last. However, the military ship is connected with the ship end to end, and it can burn away. " Zhou Yu used Huang Gai's fire attack strategy to make Huang Gai write a letter to Cao Cao to cheat and surrender, so as to get close to Cao Cao's warships.
On the day of the war, Huang Gai had prepared ten light boats, full of firewood and oil, disguised as red curtains and flags. At that time, the southeast wind was urgent, and ten ships were sailing in front of Zhongjiang. Huang Gai saw the torch in his hand, and all the soldiers shouted in unison: "What's going on!" Cao Jun's officers and men were unprepared. "They all waited, watched and pointed at the words." . Two miles from Cao Jun, Huang Gai ordered the firewood to be lit, and at the same time he became very angry. The fire was fierce, and the ship flew like an arrow, burning up the north ship and extending to the camp on the shore. Smoke billowed in an instant, and countless people were burned and drowned. On the other hand, Sun Liujun crossed the Yangtze River and defeated Cao Jun in the chaos.
Seeing that the defeat was irreversible, Cao Cao immediately set himself on fire and led his troops to retreat in the direction of Jiangling along Huarong Road (now Jianli North, Hubei Province). Zhou Yu and Liu Bei's troops went hand in hand, always following. Cao Jun suffered more than half of the casualties in this battle. After Cao Cao returned to Jiangling, he was afraid of losing Chibi and making the regime in the rear unstable. He immediately returned to the north, leaving Coss and Huang Xu in Nanjun (the place where Jiangling was ruled), and then appointed Lejin to guard Xiangyang, and Man Chong as Wei Fen's agent, stationed in Dangyang. Sun and Liu joined forces to win the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs.
War result
Battle of Red Cliffs's failure made Cao Cao lose the possibility of unifying the whole country in a short time, while Sun and Liu took this opportunity to develop their respective forces, and the battle between Cao Cao, Liu and Sun for Jingzhou began.
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6. Surabaya Campaign
The battle of Feishui, also known as the battle of fat and water, took place in 383 AD. At that time, in order to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south, the former Qin Dynasty in the north of China fought in Feishui (now southeast of Shouxian County, Anhui Province). In the end, the Eastern Jin Dynasty defeated more than 800,000 former Qin Jun with only 80,000 troops.
War process
Idioms and allusions such as "beyond the reach of the whip", "grass and trees are all soldiers" and "the wind is shaking" all come from the war of water.
In August 383, Fu Jian led 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry and 30,900,000 guards from Chang 'an to the south. At the same time, Fu Jian ordered Zitong prefect Pei Yuanlve to lead 70,000 navy divisions down the river from Bashu to March on Jiankang. Nearly a million marches "travel thousands of miles back and forth, moving in opposite directions." East and West Wan Li, land and water go hand in hand. Fu Jian proudly declared: "Take my countless trips and throw the whip in the river to stop it from flowing." "
The Eastern Jin Dynasty faced a critical moment of life and death under the pressure of a strong enemy, and the hawks headed by Prime Minister Xie An decided to stand up and resist. Di Chin, on the recommendation of Xie An, appointed Xie Shi, Xie An's younger brother, as the conquering viceroy, and Xie Xuan, Xie An's nephew, as the pioneer, led the "Northern House Soldiers" who had been trained for seven years and had strong fighting capacity (the army that had been strictly trained among the northern emigrants and was the most powerful main force in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) to meet Qin Jun's main force along the west of Huaihe River. Hu Bin was sent to lead the water army to reinforce Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), a strategic place. Huan Chong was also appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat, leading 654.38+ Wanjin Army to control the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and prevent Qin Jun and Bashu Army from going down the river.
10 On June 8th, Fu Jian's brother Fu Rong led Qin Jun's vanguard troops to capture Shouyang (now Shouxian County) and captured Xu Yuanxi, commander-in-chief of 8 Jin J alive. At the same time, Qin Jun Mu Rongchui captured Yuncheng (now Yunxian County, Hubei Province). On the way, Hu Bin, who was ordered to lead the water army to rescue Shouyang, learned that Shouyang had been breached by Fu Rong, so he retreated to Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui) and waited to meet the armies of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan.
Fu Rong led an army to attack Shi Xia. Fu Rong led Liang Cheng to attack Luo Jian (east of Huainan, Anhui Province) with fifty thousand troops, blocking the Huaihe River traffic and Hu Bin's retreat. Hu Bin was trapped in Shi Xia, and the food and grass were exhausted, making it difficult to support. He wrote a letter for emergency use, but the money for delivering the letter was caught by Chi, and the letter fell into Fu Rong's hands. Fu Rong immediately reported to Fu Jian that 8 Jin J serenade was short of food and grass, and suggested that he arise quickly to prevent 8 Jin J from escaping. Fu Jian was rewarded and left the army in Xiangcheng, leading 8,000 cavalry to Shouyang.
As soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouyang, he immediately sent Zhu Xu, the former commander of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to 8 Jin Army Camp to surrender. When Zhu Xu arrived at Jinying, he did not surrender, but provided Qin Jun with information. He said, "Although Qin Jun has a population of one million, it is still marching. If we concentrate our forces, the Jin army will be hard to resist. Things are different now. We should take advantage of Qin Jun's incomplete arrival to launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its vanguard troops and demoralize them, we can break the Qin million-strong army. " At first, Xie Shi thought that Qin Jun was very strong and planned to stick to it until the enemy was tired and then waited for an opportunity to counterattack. Zhu Xu's words made him feel very reasonable, so he changed his operational policy and decided to turn from defense to attack and take the initiative to attack.
165438+ 10 In June, Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi, a valiant general, to attack Luo Jian with 5000 soldiers, which started the battle of Feishui. Qin Cheng led 50,000 troops to line up against the enemy by the river. Liu Laozhi divided his troops and made a detour to Qin Jun to cut off his retreat; Led the troops stormed waterinfo, stormed Qin Jun, panicked, barely resisted for a while, and then collapsed. The commander Liang Cheng and his brother Liang Yun died in battle, and the officers and men rushed to the Huaihe River to save their lives, killing more than 1.5 million people. Luo Jian's victory greatly boosted the morale of 8 jin j..
Due to the pressure on the west bank of Feishui, 8 Jin Army could not cross the river, so they had to confront each other across the river. Xie Xuan sent an emissary to Fu Rong, who dared not say, "You are a long-term plan, not someone who wants to make a quick decision. Wouldn't it be great if we moved several troops across the border and decided to win or lose? " Qin Jun's generals all expressed their opposition, but Fu Jian thought that we could play along and let the troops retreat a little. When the Jin army crosses the river halfway, the cavalry will kill it again, so as to win.
Fu Rong also agreed to Fu Jian's plan, so he agreed to Xie Xuan's request and instructed Qin Jun to retreat. However, the morale of Qin Jun soldiers was low, and as a result, they lost control as soon as they retreated, and the battle was in chaos. Xie Xuan led more than 8,000 cavalry to Qin Jun, and Zhu Xu shouted after the battle of Qin Jun: "Qin Jun was defeated! Qin Bing was defeated! " Chixin believed it and turned and ran.
Seeing that the general trend was not good, Fu Rong rode to stop it in order to stabilize his position. Unexpectedly, the horse was washed down by the mutinous soldiers and killed by the pursuers of 8 Jin Army. The loss of main qi became more and more chaotic and completely collapsed. The rout of the striker caused panic in the follow-up troops, and it also ran away in a chain reaction. As a result, the whole army fled and retreated northward.
Qin Jun routed troops didn't dare to stay along the way. He listened with trepidation and thought it was the pursuit of the Jin army. 8 jin j 56-point thrashing, arrived at Cyclobalanopsis near Shouyang. Qin soldiers and horses marched step by step, covering mountains and irrigating rivers. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow, and only 65438+ 10,000 yuan was left when he fled back to Luoyang.
The Jin army recovered Shouyang, and Xie Xuan sent a flying horse to Jiankang to report good news. Xie An is playing chess with the guests at home. After reading the good news from Xie Shi, he put aside the good news with a straight face and played chess as usual. Knowing that it was the battle report coming from the front, the guest couldn't help asking Xie An, "How is the battle?" Xie An said slowly, "The child finally defeated the Qin people." ("Children have thieves!" Hearing this, the guest was so happy that he didn't want to play chess again. He wanted to tell others the good news quickly and then left.
Xie An sent the guests away and returned to the inner city. His excitement could no longer be contained. When he crossed the threshold, he tripped and broke the clogs' teeth. This is the origin of the famous allusion "broken tooth".
War result
Fu Jian's hope of reunifying the north and the south was completely dashed. Not only that, the temporary unification of the north has also collapsed, and it has once again split into more local ethnic regimes. Mu Rongchui of Xianbei nationality and Yao Chang of Qiang nationality rose again and established new countries respectively. Fu Jian himself was captured and killed by Yao Chang two years later, and the former Qin Dynasty perished.
Although the winner of this war, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, failed to restore the sovereignty of China, it effectively curbed the intrusion of northern minorities on the South, creating conditions for the social and economic recovery and development in the south of the Yangtze River. The battle of Feishui has also become a famous example of how to win more with less, which has been recorded in military history and has had a long-term impact on the war view and decisive battle thought of later strategists.
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