The dry tomb of Fengshui dialect is located on Liangshan Mountain, 6 kilometers north of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province, 76 kilometers away from the ancient city of xi 'an. It was built in 684 AD, and it took 23 years for the project to be basically completed. Liangshan is a naturally formed limestone peak, with three towering peaks, the highest in the north, with an altitude of 1047.3 meters, and the lower in the south, with an east-west direction. At that time, the masses called it "Nitou Mountain". Looking from east to west of Ganling, Liangshan is like a woman lying on her back, with the north peak as the head and the south two peaks as the chest. People often say that it is a wonderful symbol of Empress Wu Zetian. As the only mausoleum in the world where two generations of emperors and their wives were buried, it miraculously escaped successive catastrophes, preserved the charm of thousands of years ago, and stood out from the crowd on Liangshan. This makes the dry mausoleum be rendered with layers of mysterious colors.
As the owner of Fuling and the only female emperor in China, Wu Zetian seems to have a better name than her husband Tang Gaozong. It is said that Wu Zetian was out of phase when she was a child. At that time, Yuan Tiangang, a world-famous astrologer, went to the Wu family for dinner. During the dinner, the samurai η η had a face-to-face meeting with his family. After seeing his wife Yang, Yuan Tiangang said, "Your wife is very skinny. You are going to have a baby!" After meeting the second son of the Wu family, he said, "These two sons can achieve three things, but they will never be rich!" At this time, the wet nurse came out with Wu Zetian in boys' clothes. Yuan Tiangang went forward to inspect it for a while and said, "This little husband has an extraordinary manner and is not easy to know. Let him see. " So the nurse put her on the ground. The child took a few steps, and Yuan Tiangang asked her to look up again. She was frightened and said, "This child is extremely noble, with eyes and a phoenix neck." Yuan Tiangang looked at the child from the side for a while, then said with surprise and regret, "It's a pity it's a husband. If it is a girl, it is the master of the world! "
Gan Mausoleum (data map)
Wu Zetian was ambitious all her life and didn't want men. How could she willingly give up the emperor's name and be buried with Tang Gaozong after her death? This is not only her wise move, but also her last choice. In order to compete for the throne, Wu Zetian exhausted all tactics and almost made the entire Li Dynasty disappear. Once Wu Zetian sets up another mausoleum, the story of Wu Zixu's revenge by whipping the corpse is likely to repeat itself. And if she chooses to be buried with Emperor Gaozong, she can not only avoid being humiliated behind her, but also accompany Emperor Gaozong and enjoy the incense sacrifice of future generations forever.
As for the location of Ganling, it is also related to the queen's administration. There is an interesting legend about the location of Ganling: Shortly after Tang Gaozong ascended the throne, he sent his uncle Wuji and the Imperial Master in charge of astronomical calendar to let Li choose a mausoleum for himself. One day, when they were looking for Liangshan, they saw three peaks of this mountain towering into the sky, and the main peak went straight into the sky. Dongwu water is not as good as Jiujiu, and lacquer water is connected to Xilou Jingshan and Qishan. Wu Heqi embraced each other in front of the mountain, forming a water wall to enclose the dragon underground. Liangshan is a rare "Holy Land of Long Mai" in the world. Wuji and Li will report back to Beijing after choosing the mausoleum site. When Yuan Tiangang heard about it, he strongly opposed it. It turned out that he went to Liangshan for the sake of Gao Zuling and knew the advantages and disadvantages of Feng Shui in this mountain. He said to Emperor Gaozong: "From the outside, Liangshan is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, but if you look closely, there are many shortcomings. First, although Liangshan is surrounded by water on both sides, it can surround the dragon soul, but it is isolated from Long Mai of Emperor Taizong. If the people here choose to trust their ancestors, they can prosper for three generations. However, as the mausoleum of the emperor, Houjiangshan will be in danger for three generations. Long Mai in the Tang Dynasty branched off a tributary of the Yellow River from Kunlun Mountain and spread eastward to Jiujiujian (⒔ ⑨ Ψ ⑺ Ψ ⑺ ⑻ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? Your majesty chose the mausoleum here for fear that she would be controlled by women from now on. Third, the main peak of Liangshan is straight, which belongs to wooden lattice, and the second peak of South is round and profitable, which belongs to golden lattice. Although the three peaks are tall and straight, they look flat and earthy from a distance. Gold can make wood, soil can make gold, and the whole mountain dragon can help gold. Under the main peak of the underground palace camp, your majesty will be controlled by the people of the golden pavilion. In my humble opinion, if the mausoleum is located on this mountain, your majesty will be harmed by women in the future! " However, Emperor Gaozong resolutely chose to build a mausoleum in Liangshan. Hearing this, Yuan Tiangang looked up and sighed: "Those who take the place of the Tang Dynasty must be martial." Afraid of being implicated in the future, he quit his job and went out to travel.
However, legends are legends after all. According to documents, after the death of Emperor Gaozong in the first year of Hongdao, Chen Ziang and others strongly advocated building a mausoleum in Luoyang. However, Wu Zetian followed the emperor's last wish of "returning to Chang 'an" and chose the northern plateau of Guanzhong. He appointed Wei, the minister of the official department, as the mountain ambassador, and Wei Taizhen, the doctor of the household department, as the main task, using more than 200 thousand soldiers and migrant workers. According to the burial system of "because the mountain is the mausoleum", "New Tang Book"? "Biography of Chen Ziang" said: "When the hills are restored, they will be forced to be servants, attract people to punish abuse, raise tens of thousands of soldiers, mobilize the capital, supervise the young and help the old, shovel the rocks behind the mountains and drive them away, and achieve great achievements. "
After the death of Wu Zetian in the first year of Shenlong, Emperor Zhongzong fulfilled his mother's last wish of "returning to the tomb" and urged people to dig the Ganling road and open the tomb door. In May of the second year of Shenlong, Wu Zetian was buried in Gong Xuan Ganling Palace. Since then, as the only mausoleum in China where two emperors were buried together, Ganling has stood on Liangshan Mountain, and the dusty wooden door has never been opened to the world.
The treasure gate of the underground palace 1300 years has locked the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and many unknown secrets ... For thousands of years, I don't know how many people dream of trying to find out the mystery, but due to the lack of written records and archaeological materials, people still don't know much about the underground palace. There is no doubt that it is impossible to completely uncover the mystery of Ganling underground palace before scientific excavation. However, we can make some useful explorations according to the clues disclosed in the literature and archaeological materials.
According to the existing literature, there is a "road of admiration" outside Ganling, which is also called "road of birth". It is what we usually call a tunnel. The tunnel consists of trenches and caves. The junction of these two sections is where the underground palace gate is located. From 1959 to 1960, archaeologists conducted two explorations and trial excavations of Ganling Tunnel, especially in March of 1960, when a large area of the tunnel was exposed. The exposure shows that the open-air part of Ganling tunnel is 63. 10 m long and 3.9 m wide. Located in the south of the main peak of Liangshan and east of the waist spine. It is sloping. The internal structure is made up of rectangular stone strips with a weight of one to two tons, with a total of 39 floors. There are about 4 10 stone bars on the surface. The stone bars are hung up, down, left and right with iron waist hanging plates and iron bars, and then iron slurry is poured between them to make the stone bars unable to move and become a whole.
Go through the tunnel and enter the palace gate. According to documents, there are as many as five stone gates in Zhaoling of Emperor Taizong. It is unknown how many stone gates there are in Ganling, but it is certain that the stone gates in the underground palace must be solid and reliable. You can reach the ancient tomb by entering the palace gate. The mausoleum is the main body of the underground palace. It is speculated that the tomb of Prince Yide, whose tomb number is Ling, has at least three rooms: front, middle and back. According to the world outlook of the Tang Dynasty and the excavated tombs of princes, ministers, relatives and relatives, the structure of the tomb should be under Shangyuan Garden, with a dome-shaped top and a square bottom. As for the size of the tomb, there is no specific material to explain it. It is conceivable that it is much larger than the tombs of Princess Yongtai and Prince Yide.
What's in the underground palace? This is what people are most concerned about. From the Six Classics of Tang Dynasty? We can get some information from the notes of tombs in Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. First of all, there is a "coffin bed" in the middle room of the underground palace, and the emperor's "shrine", that is, the coffin, is placed on the "coffin bed". There are moisture-proof materials and treasures at the bottom of the coffin. Add a "seven-star board" with mats and mattresses on it, and put clothes and "six jade" such as silicon, Zhang, wall, Hu and Huang next to it. The emperor was wearing 12 big clothes, with jade in his mouth, lying on his back on the mattress, facing the coffin. The inside of the coffin cover is inlaid with yellow silk, on which the sun, moon, stars and arowana are painted. Secondly, there is a stone bed in the back room or behind, surrounded by clothes, swords, snacks and other things that the deceased fiddled with before his death. Three, there is a "treasure account" in the front room or front, and there is a shrine in the account. There are jade rings, mourning books and mourning books in the west of the shrine. Some "jade coins" are placed in the east of the shrine. In addition, there are Bai Pei, Su Zan and Qi Ming in the underground palace. Textual research on the inscription of the Holy Monument written by Wu Zeda shows that there are many precious books and celebrity calligraphy and painting in the underground palace. What interests the world most is the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, a top national treasure. According to historical records, the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion said in Li Shimin's testamentary edict that it should be placed under his head. In other words, this treasure should be in Zhaoling, not Ganling. However, Wen Tao, the secretariat of Yaozhou in the Five Dynasties, stole Zhaoling, but there was no Preface to Lanting in his list of unearthed treasures, so nine times out of ten, the Preface to Lanting was hidden in Ganling. In the folk rumors around Ganling, it has long been said that the preface to Lanting was buried with Wu Zetian.
More experienced cultural relics workers calculated: it is conservatively estimated that there are at least 500 tons of treasures in the underground palace of Ganling! According to historical records, when Tang Gaozong was buried, the value of funerary objects accounted for one third of the national fiscal revenue. More than 20 years later, Wu Zetian died, and her son entered Ganling with a third of the country's gold and silver jewelry. In addition, it is clearly recorded in the history books that when Tang Gaozong died, he deliberately left a last word, demanding that all his favorite calligraphy and painting be buried with him. It can be inferred that it is not impossible to find 500 tons of cultural relics in Ganling underground palace.