Source of works
This is a long narrative poem written by China Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi.
This poem is the author's masterpiece and was written in 806 AD (the first year of Yuanhe). The whole poem vividly describes the love tragedy between Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. With the help of historical figures and legends, poets have created touching stories and reproduced the truth of real life through their own artistic images, which have infected readers for thousands of years. The theme of this poem is "Song of Eternal Sorrow".
original work
The Everlasting Regret
Bai Juyi
The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it.
Yang Jiayu's daughter has just grown up and grew up in the inner room. No one knows her.
However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day.
If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.
It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin.
Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.
On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.
But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.
He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night.
There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.
The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly.
Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family.
When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire.
... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.
Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes can never stare at her.
Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes.
The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses.
The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.
People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths.
The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.
The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.
Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack in the path of the dagger tower.
Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun.
But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.
He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest.
Heaven and earth in last contact, the dragon car comes home, and the emperor never leaves.
The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? .
Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.
Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow.
But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? ?
Peach and plum trees are in bloom. In the spring wind, after the autumn rain, the leaves fall to the ground.
The palaces in the west and south are scattered with evening grass, and the steps are piled with red leaves that are not swept.
Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. .
Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..
Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear.
And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning cream, and the jade is cold. Who's with * * *?
The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream.
There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.
People were moved by the emperor's constant meditation, and they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.
He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.
Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places.
Then he heard a story about a magical island at sea, which is part of the invisible world.
There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth.
And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.
So he went to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate, and asked a girl named Small jade to tell Shuang Perfect.
This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.
She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen.
Because she left in such a hurry, her muddy hair ornaments hung aside, and when she came along the platform, her flowered hat was loose.
The wind blew the fairy's robe, as if she were dancing in a rainbow skirt and feather coat.
Tears rolled down her sad and pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.
But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her.
Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.
But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust.
He expressed his love for the old man and sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin through his special envoy.
However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken.
But your heart is as strong as gold. Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will.
She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath.
On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.
We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..
The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.
Translation of works
Ming Di favored beautiful women in the Tang Dynasty. After becoming emperor, he searched for beautiful women for many years, but found nothing.
The Yang family has a daughter who has just grown up and is very delicate and charming. She was brought up in a boudoir, and outsiders didn't know that she was absolutely beautiful.
Natural beauty and beauty made it difficult for her to be buried in the world, and soon she became a concubine around Tang.
She looked back and smiled, charming and moving; The concubines of the six officials are all eclipsed.
When the spring was chilly, the emperor bathed her in Huaqing Pool, and the warm spring water washed her skin.
The maid helped her, and she was as soft and graceful as a hibiscus, so she began to get the favor of the emperor.
The sideburns are like clouds, the face is like flowers, and the head is wearing golden steps. Warm lotus account, and the emperor * * * spring night.
Love only hates the short spring night and sleeps until the sun is high. The king loved his children's gentle hometown and never went to court again.
I am too busy to serve you. Spring tour of the emperor, night sleep.
There are no fewer than 3,000 concubines in the harem, but only she enjoys the favor of the emperor.
The golden house hides the charming, and pampers the king every night; The jade banquet upstairs adds a bit of charm to drunkenness.
Brothers and sisters are proud of her, and the lintel of the Yang family is radiant and enviable.
Therefore, parents all over the world have changed their ideas and preferred sons to daughters.
In the Huaqing Palace in Mount Li, the Jade Qionglou towers into the sky, and the breeze wafts in all directions of Yue Xian.
Singing and dancing are more in tune, and the orchestral melody is vivid. The king watches it all day, but he never gets tired of watching it.
The drums of Yuyang chaos were deafening, and the colorful feathers stopped playing in the palace.
The Jiuchong Palace was suddenly dusty, and the king fled to the southwest as soon as possible with a large number of ministers, workers and beautiful women.
The team stopped and went, but it was only a hundred miles west of Chang' an city.
The Sixth Army stagnated and demanded Yang Yuhuan's death. The king had no choice but to kill Yang Yuhuan at the foot of Mawei Slope.
The ornaments on the imperial concubine's head were scattered all over the floor. A green and white Hosta and a golden bird, precious headdresses one after another.
The king tried to save him, but he hid his face and wept. Recalling the scene of the tragic death of the imperial concubine, his blood and tears could not stop flowing.
The autumn wind swept away the fallen leaves, and the loess dust was gone. The loop zigzagged across the plank road, and the motorcade set foot on the Jiange ancient road.
There are few pedestrians under Mount Emei, the flag is colorless, and the sun and the moon are dull.
The beautiful scenery of Shu attracted the king's love. Looking at the moon in the palace is sad, and listening to songs on rainy nights is sad.
After the rebellion subsided, the king returned to Chang 'an and passed Maweipo, thinking about things and people, and hesitated.
Under the steep slope, in the desolate yellow grave, the beautiful scenery has disappeared, only the grave lies in the mountain.
The monarch and the minister looked at each other, and their clothes were wet with tears. Dong Wangjing was very sad and believed that the horse would return to the court by the reins.
When I came back, I saw that the pond garden was still there, the hibiscus beside Grandfather's pond was still there, and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace had not changed.
Furong is like Yuhuan's face, and Liu Yeer is like Yuhuan's eyebrows. How can this scene not be sad?
Spring breeze blows away peach blossoms and plum blossoms, which makes people sad; Autumn rain drops on the plane blades, and the scene is even more miserable.
Xingqingguan and Ganlutang are depressed everywhere, and autumn grass grows. The fallen leaves in the palace are full of steps and have not been swept for a long time.
The actor's head turned white, and the beauty of the maid-in-waiting faded. At night, fireflies danced in the palace, and the lights went out, so it was still difficult for the king to sleep.
Counting the delayed bells and drums, the more you count, the longer the night feels. Look up at the stars until dawn in the east.
Who sleeps with the king in a cold jade quilt?
Yin and Yang are separated by one year. Why have you never appeared in my dream?
Taoist Lin Qiong lives in Chang 'an. It is said that he can attract the soul of the imperial concubine with magic.
He was moved by the feeling that the king missed the imperial concubine. He accepted the emperor's orders, did not dare to neglect, searched diligently, and was protected from the wind on all sides.
Take the cloud into the air, go straight like lightning, and ascend to heaven to find heaven and earth, all without results.
I suddenly heard that there is a fairy mountain surrounded by white clouds on the sea.
Exquisite buildings and pavilions are supported by colorful clouds. There are countless fairies, all of which are graceful.
One of the characters is too real, and her skin looks like snow, which seems to be the Yang Guifei that the king is looking for.
The Taoist priest came to the west of Jinque, knocked on the gate of the jade carving, and called softly, asking Xiaoyu to call the maid Shuangcheng to report.
It's true that the king's angel came and woke up from the tent. Put on your clothes, push away the pillow and go out to sleep. Open the screen one by one and put down the bead curtain.
Half-combed with clouds, I just woke up and came down from the altar before dressing, with a wreath askew.
Gentle fairy wind blows sleeves and flutters slightly, just like the dance of a dress and a feather. quiet
Lonely and sad, the tears on your face keep flowing, like pear flowers with rain in spring.
He gazed affectionately at the emperor's envoy and thanked the king deeply. I haven't heard from her since we met at Maweipo.
The marriage in Zhaoyang Temple has long been cut off, and the loneliness in Penglai Palace remains for a long time.
Looking back on the world, Chang 'an has disappeared, leaving only dust and fog.
I can only express my affection with the keepsake of that year. You can take that box of gold hairpin to the king as a souvenir.
One for the gold hairpin, half for the cymbal box, gold for the gold hairpin, and precious cymbals for the cymbal box.
I hope our loving hearts are as firm and unyielding as Huang Jinbao's, and we will have a chance to meet again forever.
When I left, I kindly asked the alchemist to take a message to the king, saying that only the king and I knew the oath.
When the Palace of Eternal Life was empty in the middle of the night on the seventh day of July, we made a pledge of eternal love.
In heaven, I would like to be a bird flying with me. On earth, I would like to grow branches together.
Even if it lasts forever, there will always be an end, but this life-and-death feud will never end.
Creation background
In the first year of Yuanhe (806), Bai Juyi was appointed as county commandant (now Xi zhouzhi county). One day, my friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu and I visited Xianyou Temple near Ant, and talked about Li Longji and Yang Guifei. Wang Zhifu believes that something as outstanding as this will disappear with the passage of time if it is not polished. He encouraged Bai Juyi: "Lotte is deeper than poetry and deeper than love. How about trying to make a song? " So Bai Juyi wrote this long poem. Because the last two sentences of the long poem are "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever;" One day, both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever. "They called this poem" The Song of Eternal Sorrow ". At the same time, Chen Hong wrote a legendary novel "Song of Eternal Sorrow".
works appreciation
Ideological content
On the one hand, Song of Eternal Sorrow is an important historical and political theme, on the other hand, it is a humanistic and psychological theme with a long tradition from the people. Bai Juyi followed the national cultural psychology and the poet's personality thought in his creation, that is, the traditional mode coexisted with the author's subjective initiative, which was inseparable from the poet's life experience and outlook on life. Bai Juyi's life spanned the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His thought, bounded by the relegation of Jiangzhou Sima, experienced two stages, from active entry into the WTO to passive birth, and practiced the Confucian life mode of "helping the world and the people" that he believed in. The basic connotation of Bai Juyi's so-called "loneliness" is that he is happy and know life, complacent and peaceful, and thus connected with Shi and Lao, and his attitude towards the world is natural. In his whole ideological system, "being alone" and "helping the world" go hand in hand. "Giving is Lu Yi's career, and accumulating is the way to repair the old morality" ("a gentleman does not give tools"), which are two sides of a complete outlook on life. Before his relegation, he worked for Yunlong and Peng Feng, and together with Yuan Zhen, he vigorously advocated the New Yuefu Movement. It is precisely because he had great ambitions when he was young and had the political spirit to help the Tang Dynasty decline and save the people from fire and water that he had enough courage to deal with such a major historical theme, summed up the political gains and losses of Tang Dynasty in his later years with "no confusion" and wrote the Song of Eternal Sorrow. In this way, in his mind, Tang's dichotomy will inevitably be reflected in the shaping of the image. It is precisely because of the unity of opposites between Tang, who loves deeply, and Tang, who values the country and despises the people, that Bai Juyi wrote this story as a tragedy of a good emperor. The good emperor was confused, which finally caused sorrow for himself and the people. We can see from the works that the characterization of Tang Minghuang rejected idealization, which is another result of idealization. What is excluded is that the feudal ruling class added enough aperture to the emperor's head, making it an idealization of demigods. And this kind of exclusion itself contains another ideal of urban residents. Starting from the soil where the emperor's authority declined in real life, they imagined the leader of the feudal ruling class as an ordinary person like themselves, an infatuated emperor with love, distress, mistakes and shortcomings, no different from the protagonist in general love stories. They idealized the emperor from another angle. An idealized emperor should be as flesh and blood as the people, shouldn't he? Bai Juyi, on the other hand, accepted the citizens' idealization of Tang with conditions and sublation, thus completing the shaping of Tang's image. After the poet was relegated to Jiangzhou, the status of "being independent" and "helping the poor" changed. His spiritual life and official career gradually changed, and finally "ji ji" was released as "immune". In the process of spiritual self-rescue, Bai Juyi gradually turned from paying attention to social politics to paying attention to individual life, and his love for free personality gradually surpassed his obsession with moral personality.
Literary standpoint
This poem is one of Bai Juyi's most outstanding works, and it is also one of the models of the close combination of lyric poetry and narrative poetry in China's classical poetry. At the beginning of the poem, both the hero and heroine were condemned, but with its development, the poet enriched the story with his own feelings and imagination, giving this love tragedy a more universal meaning, which made the author and readers have a high degree of sympathy for it. To some extent, it broke away from the true colors of history and became a sentimental "amorous feelings" poem, mainly praising the love between Li and Yang. Xuanzong made great efforts in his early years, so Kaiyuan ruled the world. In his later years, he was dissolute and had no way, so he had gone with the world. Faced with this concrete reality, the poet has formed contradictory and complicated feelings for this natural elder, sometimes praising beauty, sometimes remembering it, and sometimes criticizing it, while Song of Eternal Sorrow has both. This is determined by the poet's understanding of historical events and social life. In writing, the author broke the rules that "the core of his fable poems is true" and "not for writing". In the narrative process, he repeatedly uses imagination and fiction, the perfect combination of emotion, scenery and reason, and strong lyricism runs through the whole narrative process. Language, syllable harmony, sentence combination and the form and function of subject-object question and answer make the whole poem swaying. The tragic fate of people based on Zhuang Chan's thought, the transcendence of this fate, the pursuit of spiritual freedom and spiritual pleasure are also the artistic characteristics of Song of Eternal Sorrow, with vivid characters, beautiful language tone, lyrical scenery and lyrical narrative.
Make an appreciative comment
In this long narrative poem "Song of Eternal Sorrow", the author describes the love tragedy of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narrative and lyricism: their love was destroyed by their own rebellion, and they were endlessly eating the bitter fruit of this spirit. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to the legend of the people at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and touching story, which is described and sung in a reciprocating and touching art form. Because the stories and characters in the poem are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.
The whole article is divided into three parts: the first part is from the beginning to "and the tune of rainbow skirt and feather coat is broken" The poet wrote the love life of Tang and Yang Guifei in 32 sentences, describing the situation of famine and chaos in the country and the outbreak of Anshi rebellion. The second part, from "Forbidden City, nine-story palace, looming in the dust" to "but no beloved soul visited his dream", contains 42 sentences, in which Yang Guifei was killed in the Mayiyi mutiny and Tang Xuanzong's thoughts after that; "There lived a Taoist in Lingqiong, and he was a guest in heaven" is the last part of this poem, which tells the story of the Taoist who helped Tang Xuanzong find Yang Guifei in Xianshan.
At the beginning of the poem, the poet used the phrase "the emperor of China longed for the beauty that might shake an empire" to explain the reasons for the turmoil in the Tang Dynasty and reveal the tragic factors of the story. It seems very common, as if the story should be written from here, and it doesn't need the author's attention. In fact, these seven words are extremely rich, which is the whole program, which not only reveals the tragic factors of the story, but also evokes and directs the whole poem. Everything that follows comes from this. After that, the poems were gradually unfolded, and they were described in layers: first, Tang Xuanzong emphasized color, and then, after seeking color in many ways, Yang Guifei, "As long as she turned her head and smiled, there would be a hundred spells, and the makeup of the sixth house would go up in smoke", was finally taken into her arms. Then, describe Yang Guifei's beauty and how charming she is, so she is favored in the harem. "Sisters and brothers are all listed in the soil", as the saying goes, "One person gets the word, and chickens and dogs ascend to heaven", and Yang's family became powerful and arrogant because of Yang Guifei. Tang Xuanzong, who got Yang Guifei, lived a life of indulgence and pleasure, indulging in singing and dancing and drinking all day long, so that he became "the emperor, and abandoned his early listening". The poet played up this for many times, thus pointing out the reasons for the outbreak of An Shi Rebellion. This part is the basis of the whole love tragedy and the internal cause of "long hatred". "The poet ironically introduced the hero and heroine of the story to us through the realism of this court life: an emperor who valued the country and despised the people, and a charming and spoiled concubine. This also vividly implies that the misunderstanding of Tang Xuanzong is the root of this tragedy.
In this love tragedy, the death of Yang Guifei is the key plot. In particular, the poet described the second part of the scene in which the emperor's military forces fled to the southwest after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in this turmoil. This is why Yang Guifei died. "The Sixth Army refused to send Yang Guifei" and demanded that Yang Guifei be executed, indicating that the love and infatuation of Tang Xuanzong for Yang Guifei caused public outrage. Here, the poet described their whereabouts in six sentences: "The people in the army stopped, and no one would move until under their hooves, and they might trample on those moths. The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird. The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. "Sadness is beyond words. In particular, "The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face, and when he turned to look at it later, it was a land of blood and tears." The poet used delicate brushstrokes to show Xuanzong's inner contradictions and painful feelings, but he couldn't bear to give up but wanted to save them.
After Yang Guifei's death, the poet did not directly describe the lovesickness of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, but grasped the "hate" in the spiritual world of the characters to express his lovesickness. From "When the monarch and the minister met, tears spilled on their skirts" to "No dreams": It tells the sad story that Tang was seduced by Mawei Po and returned to Beijing from Shu after the situation stabilized. After returning to Beijing, I was even more traumatized and couldn't get rid of the sadness that I missed so much. After returning to the palace, things are different. People feel hurt by things during the day, but they don't "sleep" at night. They can't remember it day and night, but they hope to have a dream. It's been months since they died. "The soul never dreams." The "hate" of "long hate" is touching.
From "There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong who was a guest in the sky" to the end of the poem, Taoist writers helped Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. The poet used a romantic technique, and suddenly he went to heaven. Suddenly he "looked for the green void above, and the yellow spring below, but he didn't find the person he was looking for in two places". Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain at sea, and was allowed to reappear in the fairyland with the image of "tears falling down her sad white face, like spring rain on pear flowers", warmly welcoming the envoys of the Korean family, expressing their feelings, sending messages in a symbolic way, reaffirming previous vows, taking care of Tang Xuanzong's thoughts about her, and further deepening and rendering the theme of "long hatred". At the end of the poem, use "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever;" One day, both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever ",pointing out the theme, responding to the beginning, and realizing" silence ",giving readers room for association and aftertaste.
The Song of Eternal Sorrow first gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty, a moving story in the poem and a delicate and unique artistic conception. The center of the whole article is "Song of Eternal Sorrow", but the poet tries his best to write and render it with "thick ink and heavy color" as the starting point. "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset", "Don't go early", "Stay up late", "I can't get enough of it" and so on. , appear extremely happy, like a comedy. However, that kind of extreme joy is only in contrast to the endless hatred behind it. The dissoluteness of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to a love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The maker of the tragedy finally becomes the hero of the tragedy, which is a particularly tortuous part of the story and the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have to "hate" for a long time. Many people used to say that Song of Eternal Sorrow has a moral, and this poem is the moral. After the death of Yang Guifei in Majipo, the poet described it very delicately, showing the inner contradictions and painful feelings of Tang Xuanzong who could not bear to give up love and wanted to save it. Because of this "blood and tears" death, there will be endless hatred. Later, the poet used a lot of pen and ink to repeatedly render Tang Xuanzong's thoughts of Yang Guifei from all aspects. However, the story of poetry does not stay at an emotional point, but with the gradual progress of the inner world of the character, he perceives the constant changes of his scenery, pushes forward the time and story, and uses the thoughts and feelings of the character to expand and promote the development of the plot. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu and felt very sad. Still on the road, revisiting the old place has evoked sad memories; After returning to the palace, I experienced physical injury during the day and insomnia at night. I can't think day and night, so I hope to have a dream, but it is "year after year, with the distance between life and death, the soul never dreams." At this point in the poem, the "hate" of "long hate" has been written very touching, and it seems that the ending of the story is OK. But the poet's pen is curved. With the help of the colorful wings of imagination, he conceived a charming fairyland, which pushed the plot of the tragic story to a climax and made the story more tortuous, ups and downs. This turning point is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant contradiction and collision between subjective desire and objective reality, poetry vividly shows the psychology of the characters, and the story is more moving.
Song of Eternal Sorrow is a narrative poem with strong lyrical elements. The poet adopted the expression technique of China's traditional poetry, which is good at telling stories and portraying characters, and harmoniously combined narrative, scenery description and lyricism, forming the lyric characteristics of poetry. Poets sometimes inject the thoughts and feelings of the characters into the scenery, and use the refraction of the scenery to contrast the mood of the characters; Sometimes we grasp the distinctive scenery and things around the characters, express their inner feelings through their feelings, and render them layer by layer, appropriately expressing the unspeakable feelings hidden in the hearts of the characters. On his way to the southwest, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was surrounded by yellow dust, plank roads and high mountains. The sun is dim, the standard is dull, and autumn scenery is desolate. This is a sad autumn scenery to set off the sad thoughts of the characters. In Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, I still can't forget myself every day. The mountains and rivers in the middle of Shu are beautiful, but in the lonely and sad eyes, the "green" of the mountains and the "blue" of the water are also sad. The beauty of nature should be appreciated with a quiet mind, but he didn't, so it increased his inner pain. This is to write sad feelings through beautiful scenery, so that feelings are deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the bell on a rainy night are already very exciting. The poet grasped these unusual but distinctive things and brought people into the realm of sadness and heartbreak. In addition, when they see and smell, they are intertwined, which also shows the sadness and sadness of the characters in language and tone. This is another floor. Still on the road, "everything is spinning" was originally a happy thing, but the old place ended and Yu Yan disappeared, so I couldn't help crying. In the narrative, another layer of painful memories is added. After returning to Chang 'an, "ponds, gardens, palaces, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But petals are like her face, and willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? " . During the day, due to the trigger of environment and scenery, people are associated with the scenery, and the scenery remains the same, but people are gone. I can't help bursting into tears. From the flowers in Taiye Pool and the lovely willows in Weiyang Palace, I seem to see Yang Guifei's face. It shows the extremely complicated and subtle inner activities of the characters. "Fireflies were flying on the throne, while he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep ... bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear. From dusk to dawn, it shows the scene that people can't sleep at night because of long-term emotional distress. This bitter yearning is like "peaches and plums bloom and the spring breeze blows" and "after the autumn rain, the fallen leaves return to their roots". It is sad to see that the "disciples of Liyuan" and "A Jian Qing E" in those days were all white-haired and their faces were withered, which reminded us of the happy thoughts of the past. From the rambling of Huang Chen to the lush of Shushan, from the palace rain to Kay's return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, I feel hurt everywhere, thinking about things all the time, and repeatedly rendering the protagonist's hard pursuit and search from all aspects. If you can't find it in real life, you will find it in your dreams; If you can't find it in your dream, go to fairyland to find it. This kind of ups and downs, layer by layer rendering, let the characters' feelings swirl up and reach a climax. It is through such layers of rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses his feelings and goes back and forth, which makes the characters' thoughts and feelings more profound and rich, and the poetry is "delicate in texture" and more artistic.
Famous comments
Zhang Jie's poem in the Old Cold Hall: "The first cloud:' Emperor China, lust may shake the beauty of an empire, and he ascended the throne for many years, looking for it, but never found it', the second cloud:' Until the drums of war, from Yuyang, the earth shook and the feathers shook', and the second cloud:' The emperor could not save her, but hid his face and walked, and then looked back. Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up. When the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride, it was almost their ears at such a time. The words' She brought happiness to every father and every mother through the empire when she gave birth to a girl instead of a boy' are the pride of Lotte, but they are also superficial. "
"'Fireflies are flying on the throne, while he is meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end, still can't sleep, which is especially ridiculous; Although Nannei is desolate, why choose a solitary lamp? "
Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua": "The ancient poet's name is not so fast and wide. Gage got his name from a song of everlasting regret. Its story is easy to spread, and it is a wonderful word, full of emotions and emotions, which neither scholars nor women can match. It spread like wildfire and spread all over the world. There is also a song called Pipa Xing to help it. This means that there is no collection, and two poems are immortal, with as many as 3,840! "
Wang Xun's "Wild Guest Series": "The poet is ironic and has his own opinions. The viewer should not be muddy." Lu Wenjian said: Lotte's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" was filled with flies flying around the throne, while he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to the end of it, but he will never fall asleep. Xingqing Palace doesn't light candles in the middle of the night. Is it reasonable for Ming Chengzu to light the lamps himself? Walking in the Guest Talk said: Chen Wuji's A Trip to Gu Mo said that "the spring scenery of Ruisi Temple will be half, and the lights will be broken and the songs and dances will be scattered. Answer the border affairs in small print from the book, and all countries must follow it. " "Lights dancing and stars scattered" is a night view of villages and towns, and Ruisi Temple should not be like this. The two are very similar. The word "servant" means that the palace is desolate at night, not to describe Li Sheng's behavior. Although the sky is not as good as the world, it makes you say you have a high fever and draw candles. Expensive is expensive. How can there be such evil thoughts as hatred? The viewer can taste his feelings. "
Zhou Zizhi's Poems on Zhupo: "Bai Letian's Song of Eternal Sorrow says:' Tears fall on her sad white face like spring rain on pear flowers.' Everyone likes his works, but they don't know the vulgarity of his charm. Dongpo wrote a little farewell message:' So, we should bid farewell to the beauty and watch the rain on the pear branches.' Although the music in heaven has its own flavor, it is not made of iron.
Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth": "With the glory of the everlasting regret song, what we have transferred is only the word' two cities in light rain'."
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Lotte,No. Xiangshan lay. First, a native of Taiyuan (now Shanxi), Bai Jian, the sixth ancestor of the Northern Qi and five soldiers, moved to Hancheng, and his great-grandfather moved to Xiatuo (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). Zhenyuan Jinshi, awarded the secretary provincial school book lang. During the Yuanhe period, Zuo Yi was a posthumous child and Zuo Zanshan was a doctor. Later, due to the above requirements, the murderer who stabbed Prime Minister Wu was severely arrested, offended powerful people and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In the early years of Changqing, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and Bao Li was appointed as the secretariat of Suzhou in the early years, and later served as the minister of punishments. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", and he was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. His poetic language is very popular. And Yuan Zhen were called "Bai Yuan" and Liu Yuxi was called "Bai Liu". There is Bai Changqing Collection.