The First Opium War Britain usually called the First British-Chinese War or "Trade War", which was a war launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of China's modern history.

1840, the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium.

In June, 1840, 47 British ships and 4,000 troops, led by Yi Law and Yi Law, the commercial supervisor of China, arrived outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocked Haikou and started the Opium War.

The Opium War ended in China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in the history of China. China began to plunder land, compensate and negotiate foreign tariffs, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy.

2. The Second Opium War

The Second Opium War was a war of aggression against China launched by Britain and France with the support of Russia and the United States. In order to further explore the China market, expand the interests of invading China, and smash the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement in China, Britain and France used the yarrow incident and Ma Su incident as an excuse to fight against the Qing government.

At the same time, because this war can be regarded as the continuation of the first opium war, it is also called the "second opium war".

1860, British and French troops invaded Beijing, and the Qing emperor fled to Chengde. British and French troops invaded Yuanmingyuan, plundered jewels and burned them. After Russia sent troops to participate in the war, it claimed that "mediation was successful" and coerced the Qing government to cede more than 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers of territory, becoming the biggest winner. The war ended with the Qing government being forced to sign the Beijing Treaty.

3. Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

According to China's calendar, 1894, the time when the war broke out was the Sino-Japanese War, so it was called the Sino-Japanese War. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan embarked on the capitalist road, actively invaded and expanded abroad, and determined a "mainland policy" centered on China.

At this time, the Qing Dynasty was an empire exposed to the world through the Westernization Movement, with political corruption, poor people's lives, intrigue among various factions in the officialdom, strong national defense and military, and lax discipline. The world's major capitalist countries are gradually transitioning to imperialism, and Japan's aggression has been supported by western powers to some extent.

1894, the East Learning Party uprising broke out in North Korea, and the North Korean government forces were successively defeated and forced to ask for help from the sovereign state of the Qing Dynasty. Japan also took the opportunity to send troops to North Korea and deliberately provoked war.

1On July 25th, 894, the naval battle of Toyota broke out and the Sino-Japanese War began. Because the Japanese had planned for a long time, the Qing Dynasty rushed to fight, and the war ended with the defeat of China and the annihilation of the Beiyang Navy. Under the military pressure of Japanese militarism, the Qing government in China signed the treaty of shimonoseki in April 1895.

4. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China.

The war of aggression against Eight-Nation Alliance refers to1May 28th, 900. The war of armed aggression against China includes eight big countries, including the British Empire, the United States of America, the Third Republic of France, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Japanese Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

1900 Spring, the Boxer Rebellion became the fuse of Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China. Eight-Nation Alliance split and plundered China under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion.

The total number of United Nations troops invading China is about 50,000. Well-equipped and very powerful. On August 1900, Beijing was completely destroyed. Anywhere in Eight-Nation Alliance, murder, arson and robbery! There are countless treasures stolen and robbed in the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace!

Eight-Nation Alliance Commander-in-Chief Wadesi later admitted that the details of all the damage and robbery suffered by China would never be found out, but the amount would be extremely considerable. 190 1 On September 7th, China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which brought unprecedented suffering to the country and people at that time.

5, hate and ugly treaty

The Xin Chou Treaty is an unequal treaty with the largest amount of compensation and the most serious loss of sovereignty in China's modern history. The treaty provides that:

1, China's compensation price and interest totaled 980 million taels of silver,

2. Designate Beijing Dongjiaominxiang as the embassy boundary, allowing countries to station troops for protection, and prohibiting China people from living in the boundary;

3. The Qing government promised to prohibit people from participating in the anti-imperialist movement;

4. The Qing government demolished the fortified fortress along the Dagukou-Beijing railway in Tianjin, and allowed the great powers to send troops to important places along the Beijing-Shanhaiguan railway. This treaty marks that the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which has seriously violated China's sovereignty and brought profound disasters to the people.

This treaty is another slavery treaty imposed on China by imperialist powers. Its signing further strengthened the imperialists' comprehensive control and plunder of China, and marked that China had completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Since then, the wave of capitalism has begun.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Opium War

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Second Opium War

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 1894- 1895

Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Treaty of Love and Ugliness